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1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia C C elal elal Tuncer Tuncer Professor of Entomology Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Entomology, Samsun, Turkey Dept. of Entomology, Samsun, Turkey

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Page 1: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

11

Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in

Georgia

CCelal elal Tuncer Tuncer Professor of EntomologyProfessor of Entomology

Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Entomology, Samsun, TurkeyDept. of Entomology, Samsun, Turkey

Page 2: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Aim of Study Determining of abundance of 4 main hazelnut pests in

hazelnut growing area of Georgia (making distribution maps)

Selected pests: Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) Nut weevil (Curculio nucum), Big bud mites (Phytocoptella avellana) Long horn beetle (Obera linearis)

Fall webworm control methods in demonstration orchards

1

2

Page 3: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

33

Page 4: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

44

One international entomologist, one NEO expert and 4 Georgian entomologist, worked in the study

Page 5: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region(Total survey)

Pest SurveyedOrchard

Surveyed Roadside

( 1 km each)

Ajara(141)

Fall webworm 62 8

Hazelnut weevil 9

Big bud mites 30

Long horn beetle 40

Samegrelo(365)

Fall webworm 37 12

Hazelnut weevil 18

Big bud mites 155

Long horn beetle 155

Guria-Imereti(206)

Fall webworm 140 4

Hazelnut weevil 24

Big bud mites 23

Long horn beetle 19

Gali(84)

Fall webworm 14 9

Hazelnut weevil 7

Big bud mites 42

Long horn beetle 21

No. of visited orchards in this study. N= 796, 33 km roadside for FWW

Page 6: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Study Timeline

2013 Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct 2013Today

PresentationNov. 6-7

Expert-CheckExpert-Check

Sept 20 – Nov 30EvaluationAug 1 - Sep 15

Nut weevil

Jun 15 - Sep 1

Big bud mitesJun 10 – Oct 10

Fall webworm

May 30 – October1 Project field period

Jun10 – Aug 15

Long horn beetle

Page 7: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

77

FALL WEBWORM Fall webworm adult flights were monitored by light Fall webworm adult flights were monitored by light

trap in each region.trap in each region. Fall webworm larval colonies were counted on 10 Fall webworm larval colonies were counted on 10

hazelnut ocak/orchard. Larval colonies were hazelnut ocak/orchard. Larval colonies were evaluated togather for 2 generation.evaluated togather for 2 generation.

Fall webworm colonies on the trees of main road Fall webworm colonies on the trees of main road sides were counted visually for each generation while sides were counted visually for each generation while traveling by car, for 1 km distance and with 20 traveling by car, for 1 km distance and with 20 km/hour car speed, km/hour car speed,

Visited towns for orchards: Ajara=5, Samegrelo=6, Visited towns for orchards: Ajara=5, Samegrelo=6, Guria-Imereti=5 and Gali=3Guria-Imereti=5 and Gali=3

METHODSMETHODS

Page 8: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Worldwide Distribution of Fall Worldwide Distribution of Fall WebwormWebworm

Page 9: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea Drury, Lep.:Arctiidae) Drury, Lep.:Arctiidae)

Adult and eggs Larvae in spring

Larvae in autumn

Damage

http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/0949060.jpg
Page 10: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

FALL WEBWORM: IDENTIFICATIONFALL WEBWORM: IDENTIFICATIONAdult : Adult moths have a wingspan of between 30–40 mm. Forewings of male are white or have black spots arranged in a number of rows; usually black spotted in spring and pale white during summer.

Male from overwintered pupae Summer male

Page 11: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Sexing Fall webworm

Left: Male ; Right: Female

For sexing: Use antenna, male: pectinate (comb-like ) ; female: filiform (like thread) type

Page 12: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Eggs: The egg mass of Hyphantria cunea is almost green in color. Eggs are laid as cluster. The egg batch contains 400-2500 eggs depending on food plants. The eggs are usually deposited on the undersides of leaves. The egg mass is lightly covered with scales from the female’s abdomen.

Page 13: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Fall webworm damageFall webworm damage

Page 14: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Fall webworm damageFall webworm damage

Damage in early larval stages on Platanus sp.

Damage in late larval stages on Hazelnut

Page 15: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Fall webworm damage

Page 16: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Larvae: Brownish-grey, can reach up to 40 mm when fully developed, and has 12 small warts surmounted by characteristic tufts of hair. Usually a dark stripe is evident along the back with a yellow stripe on either side.

Page 17: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Pupae Pupae are dark Pupae are dark brownbrown. . 10-15 mm10-15 mm in length. in length. PupaPupa

bbears 12 characteristic appendages at the ears 12 characteristic appendages at the posterior end.posterior end. Female pupae is bigger and Female pupae is bigger and heavier than male pupae.heavier than male pupae.

Page 18: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Host Plants and Damage of Fall Host Plants and Damage of Fall WebwormWebworm

Page 19: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Biol.Biol.StagStageses

MONTHSMONTHS

JJ FF MM AA MM JJ JJ AA SS OO NN DD

EggEgg

LarvaLarvaee

PupaPupaee

AdultAdult

Life cycle of Fall webworm

Page 20: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Visual monitoring: Visual monitoring: Counting larval nests on Counting larval nests on

road-sidesroad-sides

Light trap for FWW adult monitoring

Page 21: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

2222

FALL WEBWORM CONTROL Two seminars and one excursion field activity were Two seminars and one excursion field activity were

carried out in Samegrelo and Galicarried out in Samegrelo and Gali 83 demonstration orchards were selected in 83 demonstration orchards were selected in

Samegrelo and Gali regionsSamegrelo and Gali regions Different control methods of Fall webworm were Different control methods of Fall webworm were

introduced including mechanical, biological and introduced including mechanical, biological and chemicalchemical

Some tools were distributed to farmers: pruning Some tools were distributed to farmers: pruning scissors for mechanical control, light traps for adult scissors for mechanical control, light traps for adult flight, climate data loggers, and sprayers for chemical flight, climate data loggers, and sprayers for chemical and biological control and biological control

Some pesticides including biological and chemical Some pesticides including biological and chemical were providedwere provided

Application of different methods for fall webworm Application of different methods for fall webworm were trainedwere trained

METHODSMETHODS

Page 22: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Equipments

Page 23: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Seminars and field excursions

Page 24: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

2525

Laboratory and field activities

Page 25: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Method

NUT WEEVIL Damage ratios were determined on harvested crop of

hazelnut by examining 500 nuts from each orchard. Adults were monitored by beating sheet method.

Page 26: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Hazelnut weevil: key pest of Hazelnut weevil: key pest of hazelnuthazelnut

Egg Larvae

Female Damaged nuts

surveyedsurveyed

Page 27: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

2828

Beating sheet method for nut weevil

Page 28: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Method

BIG BUD MITES Damaged bud numbers were counted visually in

orchards, on 10 hazelnut ocak/orchard.

Page 29: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Hazelnut mites: (Hazelnut mites: (Phytoptus avellanaePhytoptus avellanae Nal. ; Nal. ; Cecidophyopsis vermiformisCecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal. Acarina:Eriophydae) Nal. Acarina:Eriophydae)

Normal bud

İnfected bud

Destroyed bud

Last form of bud,rose shape

Mites in buds

Page 30: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Method

LONG HORN BEETLE Number of damage shoots were counted visually in

orchards, on 10 hazelnut ocak/orchard.

Page 31: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Hazelnut long horned beetle (Hazelnut long horned beetle (Obera linearisObera linearis)) (Col.:Cerambycidae) (Col.:Cerambycidae)

Egg wound

Damage

Adult

Page 32: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Page 33: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

RESULTS…

Page 34: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Adult flight of Fall webworm, 2013, Batumi, Georgia.

Page 35: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

3636

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in ) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013hazelnut orchards, 2013

0

1

2

3

4

5

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Ajara Samegrelo Guria-Imereti Gali

Regions

Page 36: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

3737

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria Hyphantria cuneacunea) distribution in hazelnut) distribution in hazelnutorchards, Ajara, Samegrelo, orchards, Ajara, Samegrelo, Guria and Gali, 2013Guria and Gali, 2013

0

1

2

3

4

5

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Kobuleti Kelvachauri Keda Batumi Sarpi0

1

2

3

4

5

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Martvili Abasha Poti Zigdudi Anaklia Tsalenjikha

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Kutaisi Khoni Samtredia Tskaltubo Lanchkhuti Chokhatauri Ozurgeti

0

1

2

3

4

5

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Nabakevi Bargebi Taligoni

AjaraSamegrelo

GaliGuria-Imereti

Page 37: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 10 ocak

Ajara

(0.79 )

Kobuleti 0.7

Khelvachauri 0.7

Keda 0.0

Batumi 2.0

Sarpi/Gonio 0.54

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in ) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013hazelnut orchards, 2013

Page 38: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 10 ocak

Samegrelo

( 0.50)

Martvili 0.0

Abasha 0.0

Poti 0.2

Zigdudi 1.81

Anaklia 0.5

Tsalenjikha 0.51

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in ) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013hazelnut orchards, 2013

Page 39: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 10 ocak

Guria

( 3.09)

Kutaisi 0.0

Khoni 0.0

Samtredia 0.0

Tskaltubo 0.0

Ozurgeti 2,75

Lanchkhuti 6.80

Chokhatauri 0.74

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in ) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013hazelnut orchards, 2013

Page 40: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 10 ocak

Gali

( 2.53 )

Nabakevi 2.83

Bargebi 2.25

Taligoni 2.50

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in ) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013hazelnut orchards, 2013

Page 41: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

4242

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of ) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

No.

of l

arva

l co

lon

y/1

km

roa

dsi

de

Ajara Samegrelo Guria Gali

Regions

Page 42: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

4343

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) ) distribution in road sides, no. of distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

0

100

200

300

400

500

No.

of l

arva

l co

lon

y/10

oca

k

Kobuleti Kelvachauri Keda Batumi Sarpi

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

1 km

roa

dsid

e

Martvili Abasha Koki Orsantia Anaklia Tsalenjikha Didinedzi Orulu Shamgona İngiri

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Lanchkhuti Chokhatauri Ozurgeti

0

2

4

6

8

10

No.

of la

rval

col

ony/

10 o

cak

Nabakevi Bargebi Taligoni

Samegrelo

AjaraGuria-Imereti

Gali

Page 43: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 1 km road sides

Ajara

( > 100)

Kobuleti 20

Khelvachauri 4

Keda 2

Batumi >500

Sarpi/Gonio 0

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of ) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

Page 44: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 1 km road sides

Samegrelo

( 2.78)

Didinedzi 4

Orulu 4

Koki 0

Orsantia 0

Shamgona 4

Ingiri 2

Tsalenjikha 4

Anaklia 6

Martvili 7

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, ) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013 no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

Page 45: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 1 km road sides

Guria- Imereti

( 131.0 )

Ozurgeti, 32

Lanchkhuti, Supsa road 71

Chokhatauri, 13

Ozurgeti, Ureki road 408

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, ) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013 no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

Page 46: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town No. of colony/ 1 km road sides

Gali

(7.33 )

Nabakevi 8.67

Bargebi 7.33

Taligoni 6.0

Fall webworm (Fall webworm (Hyphantria cuneaHyphantria cunea) distribution in) distribution in

road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 20132013

Page 47: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

4848

Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) damage ratios in at harvested Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) damage ratios in at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013

0

2

4

6

8

10

Dam

age

rati

o (%

)

Ajara Samegrelo Guria-Imereti Gali

Regions

Page 48: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town (variety)

Location Village Damaged nuts ratio (%)

Mean of town

Ajara

(2.98 )

Kobuleti-1(Shveliskura)

41047’14’66’N41048’38’95’E

Gvara 3.0 3.2

Kobuleti -2(Berdznula)

41046’03’46’N 41049’40’87’E

Kveda Kandidi

3.4

Batumi -1(ბერძნულა)

41032’30’40’N41033’54’43’E

3.4 3.3

Batumi -2(Khachapura)

41037’40’29’N41038’37’06’E

3.2

Gonio-Sarpi(Nemsa)

41033’33’39’N41034’04’65’E

Kvariati 2.4 2.4

Khelvachauri-1(Berdznula)

41034’27’09’N41036’38’62’E

Charnali 2.6 2.4

Khelvachauri 2(Berdznula)

41034’56’92’N41036’39’82’E

Akhalsopeli 2.2

Keda-1 (Nemsa)

41036’09’26’N41056’44’71’E

Gulebi 3.0 2.9

Hazelnut weevil (Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucumCurculio nucum) damage ratios in at ) damage ratios in at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 20132013

Page 49: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town

Location Damaged nuts ratio (%)

Mean of town (%)

Samegrelo

( 3.40 )

Zigdudi

N420 31.075’, E0410 46.611’ 1.2

1.52

N420 31. 775’, E041049.036’ 2.0

N420 31.314’, E0410 47.387 1.0

N420 31. 775’, E041049.036’ 1.2

N420 31.459’, E0410 46.716’ 0.8

N420 30.511’, E0410 44.043’ 1.8

N42026.559’, E041047.031’ 4.0

N42026.408’, E041046.964’ 6.8

N42024.088’, E041044.637’ 1.0

N42024.632’, E041044.554’ 1.2

Darcheli11.0

7.474.0

7.4

Hazelnut weevil (Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucumCurculio nucum) damage ratios in ) damage ratios in harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 20132013

Page 50: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town LocationDamaged

nuts ratio (%)

Mean of town

(%)

Samegrelo(continued)

Orulu 4.4 4.40

Ergeta 5.2 5.20

Tsalenjikha

N42033.287’, E042005.487’ 2.0

2.05

N42035.295’, E042005.043’ 2.0

N42032.477’, E042005.289’ 2.0

N42038.299’, E042004.444’ 2.2

Anaklia3.4

3.02.6

Poti0.2

1.12.0

Martvili 2.6 2.5

Hazelnut weevil (Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucumCurculio nucum) damage ratios in ) damage ratios in harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 20132013

Page 51: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

RegionTown

Location

Damaged nuts ratio (%)

Mean of town (%)

Guria- Imereti

( 8.80 )

Lanchkhuti

42° 0.294'N 41° 57.437'E 1.6

13.67

42° 4.830'N 41° 55.446'E 18.2

42° 3.080'N 41° 57.347'E 20.67

42° 2.760'N 42° 4.233'E 14.20

Chokhatauri

42° 0.121'N 42° 17.048'E 10.47 10.47

Ozurgeti

41° 57.542'N 42° 5.391'E 2.40

2.2741° 56.703'N 41°57.353'E 3.00

41° 52.472'N 42° 0.320'E 1.40

Hazelnut weevil (Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucumCurculio nucum) damage ratios in ) damage ratios in at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013nuts, 2013

Page 52: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Region Town

Damaged nuts ratio (%)

Gali

( 9.32 )

Nabekevi 9. 27

Bargebi 9.5

Tagiloni 9.20

Hazelnut weevil (Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucumCurculio nucum) damage ratios in ) damage ratios in at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013nuts, 2013

Page 53: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Hazelnut weevil damage ratios at harvested crops in hazelnut factories, Georgia, 2013.

Anka

OzurgetiN=510

GuriaN=600

SamegreloN=500

0.0 0,83 2,40

Worldnuts

Tsalancikha-ZigdudiN=500

Tsalancikha-Zigdudin=200

Tsalancikha-ZigdudiN=250

0,6 0.0 0.0

Euronuts Samegrelo-Gali n=550

Gurian= 200

Gurian= 4000.0 4.0 3.25

Page 54: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

5555

Big bud mites (Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellanaPhytoptus avellana) damage ratios, ) damage ratios, Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013

0

10

20

30

40

50

No.

of

dam

aged

bu

ds/

10 o

cak

Ajara Samegrelo Guria-Imereti Gali

Regions

Page 55: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions

TownsMean no. of abnormal buds

Ajara( 7.58 )

Kobuleti 5.33

Khelvachauri 8.67

Keda 4.50

Batumi 6.50

Sarpi 5.33

Big bud mites (Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellanaPhytoptus avellana) damage ratios, ) damage ratios, Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 56: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns mean no. of abnormal buds

Samegrelo

( 7.82 )

Anaklia 8.00

Poti 8.67

Martvili8.16

Shamgona 7.00

Tsalenjikha 9.80

Zigdudi 5.30

Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellana) damage ratios, Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellana) damage ratios, Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 57: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns mean no. of abnormal buds

Guria- Imereti

( 39.92 )

Kutaisi 104

Tskaltubo,Partskanakanebi 26.00

Khoni, PataraJikhaishi, Kutiri 21.00

Samtredia 0.00

Ozurgeti 110.16

Lanchkhuti, Shukhuti 5.50

Chokhatauri, Guguti 12.75

Big bud mites (Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellanaPhytoptus avellana) damage ) damage ratios Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013ratios Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 58: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns ( mean no. of abnormal buds)

Gali

( 8.58 )

Nabakevi 8.72

Bargebi 8 .60

Tagiloni 8.42

Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellana) damage ratios, Big bud mites (Phytoptus avellana) damage ratios, Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013Damaged buds/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 59: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

6060

Long horn beetle (Long horn beetle (Oberea linearisOberea linearis) damage ) damage ratios, ratios, Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013 Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013

0

5

10

15

20

No.

of

dam

aged

sh

oots

/10

oca

k

Ajara Samegrelo Guria-Imereti Gali

Regions

Page 60: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns No. of damaged shoots

Ajara

( 0.65 )

Kobuleti 0.0

Kelvachauri 1.25

Keda 1.75

Batumi 0.0

Sarpi 0.25

Long horn beetle (Long horn beetle (Oberea linearisOberea linearis) damage ) damage ratios, ratios, Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013 Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 61: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns No. of damagedshoots

Samegrelo

( 7.45 )

Poti 4.33

Anaklia 6.60

Martvili 5.00

Shamgona8.1

Zigdudi 6.35

Tsalenjikha 14.33

Long horn beetle (Long horn beetle (Oberea linearisOberea linearis) damage ) damage ratios, ratios, Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013 Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 62: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns No. of damagedshoots

Guria- Imereti

( 4.32 )

Kutaisi 0.00

Tskaltubo 0.00

Samtredia 21.25

Ozurgeti 0.00

Khoni 9.00

Lanchkhuti 0.00

Chokhatauri 0.00

Long horn beetle (Long horn beetle (Oberea linearisOberea linearis) damage ) damage ratios, ratios, Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013 Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 63: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Regions Towns No. of damagedshoots

Gali

( 17.77 )

Nabakevi20.66

Tagiloni15.83

Bargebi 16. 83

Long horn beetle (Long horn beetle (Oberea linearisOberea linearis) damage ) damage ratios, ratios, Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013 Damaged shoots/ 10 ocak , 2013

Page 64: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Economic Damage Thresholds Offer for Georgia

$ Fall webworm:

1. generation= 5 colonies/ 10 ocak 2. generation: 10 colonies/ 10

ocak$ Hazelnut weevil: >1.32 insects/ 10

ocak or damage > 1% $ Big bud mites: 42 damaged buds/10

ocak$ Long horn beetle: 12.5 damaged

shoots/ 10 ocak 6565

Page 65: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Other Pests observed during the study in

Georgia

Page 66: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Other pests which were observed at low level in Georgian hazelnut orchards

Anoplis roboris Ledra aurita Mycomyia coryli Parthenolecanium corni Phyllonorycter corylifoliella Lymantria dispar Myzocallis coryli Agelastica alni Phalera bucephala

Page 67: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Filbert aphid (Filbert aphid (Myzocallis coryliMyzocallis coryli

Goeze, Hom.:Aphididae)Goeze, Hom.:Aphididae)

Page 68: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Gypsy mothGypsy moth( ( Lymantria Lymantria dispardispar ) )

Larvae

Adults

Page 69: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

7070

Phalera bucephalaParthenolecanium corni

Agelastica alni

Page 70: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

7171Yellow mosaic virus

Anoplus roboris

Mycomyia coryli

Page 71: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Phyllonorycter corylifoliella

Ledra aurita

Page 72: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Conclusions Fall webworm population level was higher in Guria-

Imereti and Gali than Ajara and Samegrelo in hazelnut orchards.

On the trees at roadsides, Ajara (Batumi) and Guria-Imereti (Ozurgeti) high populations.

Hazelnut weevil damage was highest in Guria-Imereti and Gali. Damage ratio were 8.80 and 9.32%.

Big bud mites damage were highest in Guria-Imereti (nearly 4 damaged buds/ocak) but damaged buds were less than 1 damaged bud/ ocak in other 3 regions.

Long horn beetle damage was highest in Gali region (nearly 2 damaged shoots/ocak) and damaged shoots were lowest in Ajara.

Nine other hazelnut pests were observed in Georgian hazelnut orchards, in addition to one virus disease.

Page 73: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

SPECIAL THANKS TO…

Dr. Kirk Ramer, Chief of Party, USAID NEO, Georgia Dr. Rusudan Mdivani, Expert, USAID NEO, Georgia Entomology experts: Angelina Nikolaishvili,

Avtandil Murvanidze, Zaira Gubeladze, Zurab Dzigua All NEO workers.. For UNDP, for fruitful colloboration Georgian hazelnut growers; we shared our foods and

times, changed knowledge and feelings..

WE DID EVERYTHING TOGATHER

FOR GEORGIA..

Page 74: 1 Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia Celal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Thanks for your time and

attention…

Dedicated to colloboration for science and peace in the world…


Prof. Nurdogan Can, Celal Bayar University, Turkey

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HELVACIOGLU Firat , MD, SENCAN Sadik , MD, OGUZHAN Hasan, MD, YETER Celal, MD

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