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CHBE 594 Lect 08Where is the Money?

Object For Today

Answer two questions: Where is the money for

engineering/science research? What are the agencies who give it

out interested in?

Where is the Money?

Key sources: Government programs

NSF, DOE, NASA, DARPA, AFOSR, ONR, ARO, EPA, NIH, CDC, DJ, DHS

Foundations Cancer society, heart society, research

corp Corporate University/State

Government Agencies Best

The US government pays people to give away money Develop Scientific manpower Maintain the federal weapons labs Maintain US technological superiority

Typical Non-Continuing Grants

Agency Typical Grant Size, 2007

Funding Success Rate

Notes

NSF $90,000/yr engineering$150,000/yr chemistry

8-10% engineering

Favor people with little other money

DOE Office of Science

$150,000/yr 5% Continue funding for years

NIH-R01 $2-300,000/yr direct 19% Need to have done work

DARPA $1,00,000-$5,000,000/yr $250,000 seedlings

20-30% Must meet milestones every 18 months

AFOSR, NRL, ARO

$150,000/yr 12% Funding continues until grant officer leaves

Special Programs For Young Investigators

Agency Typical Grant Size

Funding Success Rate

Notes

NSF CAREER $400,000 total for 5 years

AFOSR, NRL, DARPA young Investigator

$100,000/yr for 3 years

US citizens and permanent residents

NIH-R21 $130,000/yr for 3 years

16%

American Heart Association, American Cancer Association

$60,000/yr for 3 years

Petroleum Research Fund - DNI

$100,000 direct for 2 years

Research corporation

$45,000-$100,000

Agencies Considered

National Science Foundation (NSF) Department of Energy (DOE) National Institute of Health (NIH) National Aeronautics and Space

Agency (NASA) Defense Advanced Research Projects

Agency (DARPA)

Background

Up until ~1820 Science was a rich man’s entertainment For example Lavoisier was

Louis XVI’s court scientist and tax collector

Louis also had court musicians, court jester, ...

Changed in 1851 – British government gives first scientific grant 1000 £ (equivalent to $200,000 today) to be used for scientific research

France, Austria soon follow others fund because they are afraid to be left behind

The precursor to the NIH Started In 1878

There was a yellow fever, cholera epidemic Naval hospital in Staten Island NY was asked to

do research into cures Later expanded to other areas Naval hospital research division moved to

donated land in Bethesda Md – eventually became NIH

Chamberlain-Kahn Act of 1919 allow scientists to apply for grants – 25 grants/yr were given until 1940

Historical Background (cont.)

Post World War II Grant funding growing in significance

$2 billion by 1950 $95 Billion by 1981 $300 Billion as of 2002

NIH

Started 1872 to study communicable diseases

Chemists added 1902 for pharmaceuticals

Major expansion in WWI, WWII –troop health and safe environment

Today $24B Focus remains human health

Cancer, heart disease, ... NIH proposals need to demonstrate that

they will do some good for human health

Example NIH Areas

Drug synthesis Drug discovery Molecular probes for cells

NSF & DOE Started After World War II

Prior to WWII federal government gave 25 grants/yr for scientific research (>$1,000,000/yr total) Most research funded from

university endowments, private giving

UIUC had ag experiment station WWII came and in 4 years US

government spent $20B (equivalent to $300B today) on research to make the atomic bomb There were hardly enough scientists

to work on the project

What to Do After The War

After the war question arose what to do with facilities/expertise.

President Truman decided that Weapons Labs built during WWI should

continue to do weapons work Other funds should go to grants at universities

so US had scientific manpower available if another Manhattan project was needed

Atomic energy commission (DOE) started to maintain facilities, do weapons work

NSF started to build manpower base

NSF Still Has Maintained The Manpower Mission

NSF Mission Insure supply of scientific manpower

for industry Insure a scientifically literate society

Spread science to all states and all segments of society

Advance our economy

Selected Current Grants

Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Dynamics Martinez, Todd

New Hydrogen Bonding Modules for Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry Zimmerman, Steven

Asymmetric Catalysis in Main Group Chemistry with Chiral Lewis Bases Denmark, Scott

Patterning and Visualizing Interfacial Chemistries in Complex Systems Nuzzo, Ralph

Characterization of Electrode Activity through Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Coordinated Synchrotron and Laboratory XPS Approach to Electrocatalysis Wieckowski, Andrzej

2D Molecular Grids Made to Order Moore, Jeffrey Electroreduction Reactivity and the Structure of

Solvents on Electrode Surfaces Gewirth, Andrew Catalytic, Regioselective Functionalization of

Alkane and Arenes Hartwig, John

DOE

1950 – Atomic Energy Commission (2 Billion budget) Maintain the federal laboratories in case they are needed

for another Manhattan project Do basic science that would lead to better nuclear weapons Find peaceful uses for nuclear energy

1973 – Arab oil embargo Gas price $3.20/gal (equivalent to $12/gal today) AEC became DOE – Energy mission added

2007 (24 billion budget) Maintain the federal laboratories in case they are needed

for another Manhattan project (~$10-13 B) Expand interests to ongoing threats (bio)

Continue weapons development & waste cleanup (~$10 B) Provide science and technology for the energy industry

(~$2 B) Interest by federal labs drives funding

Areas Supported By DOE Of Interest To Chemists

Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences Catalysis and Chemical Transformations Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering (closed) Chemical Physics Research Heavy Element Chemistry Photochemistry and Radiation Research Separations and Analysis Chemical synthesis of nanoscale materials and assembly

of nanomaterials into macroscopic structures. Surface and interfacial chemistry—Electrochemistry,

electro-catalysis, materials aspects of catalysis, molecular level understanding of friction, adhesion and lubrication.

Polymers and polymer composites. Development of science-driven, laboratory-based

“Analytical Tools and Techniques”.

Example DOE Grants

New Catalytic DNA Biosensors for Radionuclides and Metal ions (Lu)

Cyanometallates, Their Cages, and Associated Host-Guest Behavior

A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Approach to the Rational Design of Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of

Catalytic Nanoparticles for DMFC and DFAFC: Reaction Rates, Local Densities of States, and Oxygen Shuttling Pathways

Cathode Catalysis in Hydrogen/Oxygen Fuel Cells Molecular Aspects of Transport in Thin Films of

Controlled Architecture Science in the Service of Security: Nano-Flow,

Surface Recognition, Enzyme Catalysis

NASA & DARPA Started After Sputnik

October 4, 1957 USSR launched Sputnik

Two previous US attempts had failed

US Government worried about USSR missile threat

US decided to invest in science and space

NASA started to build rockets, explore space

DARPA started to catch up elsewhere

DARPA

Formed in 1958 (just after sputnik) so US catches up and passes Russians 1960-80 US passed everyone

Now prevent technology surprise $4B unclassified budget much larger classified

budget, $83B total DOD R&D spending – compares to $4.3B NSF R&D budget

Explore any idea that could yield useful military technology

Upcoming calls include nanowire sensors, micropumps, 20W power sources

NASA

NASA’s main mission is to explore space, but through the Roses program it also supports chemical research Planetary Instruments development Carbon Cycle Science Tropospheric Chemistry Planetary Atmospheres Instrument incubator Research and Technology Development

to Support Crew Health and Performance in Space Exploration Missions

Summary

US Government funds scientific research to advance societal goals Not just basic research for research’s sake

Agencies have missions NSF – build scientific manpower, help the

economy DOE – maintain national labs, contribute to

defense, help the energy industries NIH – advance human health DARPA – prevent technological surprise NASA – advance spacecraft & rocketry,

explore the universe Proposals need to advance these goals

Example: How can I fund The Following

Assume that I am passionate about left handed molecules A proposal saying that I love left handed

molecules, give me money to study them will fail. What can I do to get them funded at each of the agencies.

NSF – build scientific manpower, help the economy

DOE – maintain national labs, contribute to defense, help the energy industries

NIH – advance human health DARPA – prevent technological surprise NASA – advance spacecraft & rocketry,

explore the universe

Email Lists Of Funding Opportunities

NSF: https://service.govdelivery.com/service/multi_subscribe.html?code=USNSF&custom_id=823

NIH Guide LISTSERV http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/

listserv.htm Dept. of Education http://www.ed.gov/news/newsletters/

edinfo/index.html Federal Grants http://www.grants.gov/search/

subscribeAll.do

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Be Sure To Get In Touch With The Program Officer Before You Submit

The Proposal

Discuss your ideas Ask questions about format Find out the evaluation criteria,

methods

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Questions?