1 chapter 6 the progressives. 2 starter #2: monday 10/1 read “how the other half lives” on page...
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Chapter 6Chapter 6The ProgressivesThe Progressives
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Starter #2: Monday 10/1Starter #2: Monday 10/1
Read “How the Other Half Lives” on page 170
Why do you think immigrants would have had to live in such awful conditions?
What was the title of the book that both described the conditions that Riis and helped him in his fight to improve them?
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Starter #2: Monday 10/3Starter #2: Monday 10/3
Read the American Literature on page 176
What dangers to workers and to food does Sinclair describe?
What does The Jungle suggest about reasons workers formed unions?
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What was Progressivism?What was Progressivism? Progressivism: Arose to address many of
the social problems that industrialization created (progressives)
1. Improve living conditions for the poor 2. Questioned power and practices of big
business 3. Government to be more honest and
responsive to people’s needs REFORM SOCIETY, WORKPLACE,
GOVERNMENT
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MuckrakersMuckrakers
Reformed-minded writers First to expose many of the social ills “raked up” exposed filth of society
Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil Wrote about: business & political
corruption, child labor, slum conditions, racial discrimination
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Reforming SocietyReforming Society Cities failed to provide: garbage
collection, safe housing, police/fire protection
HOUSING Tenement Act 1901
Forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways, provide at least one toilet per 2 families, outhouses were banned
Improved health – 15 years, death rate dropped in NYC
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SocietySociety
1909 – Ida Wells-Barnett, WEB Du Bois, Jane Addams, and many others founded
NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Fight for the rights of African Americans Fought segregation & stereo types
ADL – Anti-Defamation League Fight anti-Semitism toward Jews
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Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2
Read page 173. Answer the question under Drawing
Conclusions.
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Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace
Labor unions fight for men – Progressives started the fight for women & children Wanted to prohibit child labor and limit
the number of hours women were forced to work
Paid very low wages – 40% working class in poverty
Fought for minimum wage – National government did not pass until 1938
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WorkplaceWorkplace
Lochner v. New York (1905) – limit work day Court refused to uphold a law limiting
bakers to a 10 hour workday saying it denied workers their right to contract with their employees
Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limited women to 10 hour workday, hurt
their health
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The Triangle Shirtwaist The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Company Fire
Turning point for reform Read and look at the picture on pages
172-174
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UnionsUnions
Fought for better working conditions AFL (American Federation of Labor)
Skilled Workers ILGWU (International Ladies Garment
Workers Union) Unskilled Workers
Success brief, strikes failures, government cracked down on activities
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Reforming the Reforming the GovernmentGovernment
GOAL: Eliminate government corruption & make government more efficient
City Reforms Ohio, Texas, Council-Manager Model (pg.
174) State Reforms
Campaign spending, Regulate railroads & utilities
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Election Reforms Election Reforms Make more fair & politicians more accountable
to voters 17th Amendment: voters directly elect US
Senators Secret Ballot Initiative
Voters put a proposed law on ballot for approval Referendum
Voters put a recently passed law on ballot to reject or reapprove
Recall Voters can remove elected official by calling a
special election (end of section 1)
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Starter #3: Tues 10/2Starter #3: Tues 10/2
Read The Inside Story on page 177 What barriers did Alberta Virginia
Scott and Otelia Cromwell break in the late 1800s?
What profession did both women go into after graduating from college?
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Opportunities for WomenOpportunities for WomenSKIPSKIP
Education, employment, community 1833 Oberline College in Ohio
became the first to admit women 1870 20% college students were women 1900 33% college students were women
Upper/Middle Class Still denied many opportunities
Training grounds for political activism
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EmploymentEmploymentSKIPSKIP
Teachers, nurses, bookkeepers, typists, secretaries, shop clerks
Journalists & artists – to appeal to the American public
Working class women Garment Industry
Employers assumed women were single and supported by their fathers Justified why they paid them lower
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Starter #4: Wed 10/3Starter #4: Wed 10/3
Look at the Political Cartoon on page 181
How do the words change as the stairs lead up to the top?
What point is the cartoonist trying to make with this cartoon?
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Gaining Political Gaining Political ExperienceExperience
Women backbone to Progressive Era
Children’s Heath & Welfare End child labor, improve health,
promote education
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ProhibitionProhibition
Ban on making, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages Claimed alcohol was responsible for crime,
poverty, and violence against women and children Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
(WCTU) Carry Nation
Hatchet & Bible smashed up saloons 18th Amendment – Confirmed Prohibition
1919 So unpopular repealed in 1933
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Civil RightsCivil RightsSKIP SKIP
African American women fought all same things + discrimination
National Association of Colored Women Campaigned against poverty,
segregation, & lynchings
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What does Suffrage What does Suffrage mean???mean???
It does not mean “suffering!!”
It’s actually a “good” word
It means… the right to vote!
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Rise of Women’s Suffrage Rise of Women’s Suffrage MovementMovement
1848 meeting Senecca Falls – would take 72 years….
15th Amendment Gave African American men the right to
vote after the Civil War Cannot deny the right to vote based on
“account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
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Video ClipVideo Clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvk1NZDFvZU
Mary Poppins Sister Suffragette
http://www.hulu.com/watch/60255/a-celebration-of-womens-history-the-womens-rights-movement-then-and-now
News program 1998 – 150 Anniversary of Senecca Falls
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Women OrganizeWomen Organize
National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B
Anthony Campaigned right to vote & other women
issues American Woman Suffrage
Association (AWSA) Focused only on voting rights by going
state to state
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Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony
Wrote pamphlets, gave speeches 1872 registered to vote & voted
Arrested for “knowingly, wrongfully and unlawfully” voting
Read excerpt page 181 Fined $100, she refused to pay
Court claimed citizenship does not = the right to vote
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Anti-Suffrage Arguments Anti-Suffrage Arguments Voting inferred with women’s duties at home Destroy families Did not have the education or experience Women didn’t want to vote – don’t force them
to Liquor industries feared women would support
Prohibition Food & Drug safety Worker & child safety Church claimed marriage sacred bond where it
should be led by man
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Merge!Merge!
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Susan B Anthony president 1892-1900
Anthony died in 1906 “Failure is impossible”
Only one signer from Seneca Falls was alive in 1920 when the 19th Amendment was passed She was 92 (end of section 2)
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Starter #5: Thurs 10/4Starter #5: Thurs 10/4
Read the Inside Story: “Cowboy or Politician” on page 183
What are two accomplishments that no one could have predicted of Roosevelt when he was a shy, sickly 9 year old?
What tragedies did Roosevelt have to deal with when he was 26?
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Starter #4: Thursday Starter #4: Thursday 9/309/30
Look at the Bully Pulpit on page 185 What does the reference to big
business mean? What does the cartoon say about
Roosevelt’s efforts? Explain.
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Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt
Huge energetic reformer, Progressive Republicans tried to get him out of power Nominated him for vice president
McKinley shot 1901 - Became president! 42 years old, youngest President
Most Presidents took hands off approach Bully Pulpit: powerful platform to
publicize important issues and seek support for his policies
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The Coal Strike of 1902The Coal Strike of 1902
Read page 184 First time federal government
intervened in a strike to PROTECT the interests of the WORKERS & public
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Square DealSquare Deal
1904 Campaign slogan “see that each person is given a
square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.”
Limit power of trusts, promote public health, safety, & working conditions
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Regulating BIG BusinessRegulating BIG Business
Quote – page 184 Companies should behave
responsible!
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Trust-BustingTrust-Busting 3 railroad tycoons combined to form
Northern Securities Company Total monopoly over railroads
Roosevelt claimed it violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Court upheld
Led to a WATERSHED Size of trust didn’t matter: was it good or bad
for the American public?? Sold inferior products, competed unfairly,
corrupted public officials
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Regulating RailroadsRegulating Railroads
RR gave rebates to large customers Hurt small businesses & farmers
Elkins Act Prohibited rebates, all customers paid
same rates for shipping their products Hepburn Act
Set maximum railroad rates
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Protecting ConsumersProtecting Consumers Food & Drug companies
Selling dangerous products to an unknowing public
Read excerpt on page 186 Wilson Report Meat Inspection Act
Federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines
Pure Food & Drug Act Forbade the sale of products with harmful
ingredients
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Environmental Environmental ConservationConservation
Late 1800s people acted as if US had unlimited supply of natural resources
Roosevelt claimed each generation has a duty to protect & conserve (187) John Muir – naturalist who worked with
Roosevelt Newlands Reclamation Act
Create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive
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ConservationConservation
Gifford Pinchot Scientific management of natural
resources was crucial Forest Service
Added 150 million acres to national forests
Antiquities Act Created 18 national monuments
**Environmental conservation is one of Roosevelt’s greatest legacies…
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Video ClipVideo Clip
http://www.history.com/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibition#theodore-roosevelts-acts-and-legacy
Meat packing & conservation
Progressives (end of section 3)
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Starter #5: Monday 10/4Starter #5: Monday 10/4
2nd Page – Label it Quarter 1 Week 7 Read The Inside Story, Can Politics
and Friendship Mix? on page 189 How were Theodore Roosevelt and
William Howard Taft different? Why did Roosevelt soon regret the
support that he had given Taft during the election?
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Chapter 6 Section 4Chapter 6 Section 4Taft and WilsonTaft and Wilson
BACKGROUND Election of 1908 won by huge margin Supported Roosevelt’s reform
movement Created Department of Labor 16th Amendment: Power to levy taxes
based on individual's income Lost support of Progressive
Republicans because of bill on tariffs Alienated Conservation supporters as
well
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Split in the Republican Split in the Republican PartyParty
Roosevelt campaigned in 1910 congressional election for New Nationalism
Set of laws to protect workers, ensure public health, and regulate business
Did not win, which caused more splits in the party
Election 1912, Republicans supported Taft, Progressive split into own party
“Bull Moose” nominated Roosevelt Due to split Democrat Woodrow Wilson won
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Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom
BACKGROUND Zealous Reformer New Freedom: Platform that called
for tariff reductions, banking reform, and stronger antitrust legislation
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Tariff ReductionTariff Reduction
Underwood Tariff Act: Lower tariffs at lowest level in 50 years
Income tax to make up for lost money
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Banking ReformBanking Reform
Federal Reserve Act: Created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic
3 Tier Banking System
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Stronger Anti-TrustStronger Anti-Trust Sherman Act not strong enough Clayton Antitrust Act: clarified and
extended Sherman Companies could not buy stock of
competing companies in order to form a monopoly
Federal Trade Commission 1915: Enforced antitrust laws and got tough on companies that used deceptive advertising
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Women Gain the VoteWomen Gain the Vote
BACKGROUND NAWSA favored state by state
approach, yet took too long Alice Paul, formed Nat’l Women’s
Party Focused on passage of the
Amendment, used tactics from Britain 19th Amendment passed in 1920,
gave women full voting rights
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Progressivism and the Rights Progressivism and the Rights of African Americansof African Americans
Not many new rights Brownsville Incident 1906: Not until
1972 were records changed Wilson, bad record with civil rights:
Opposed federal laws against Lynching Allowed segregation in offices Felony for blacks & whites to marry in DC
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WWI brought End to WWI brought End to Progressive EraProgressive Era
Wilson’s 2nd Term completely devoted to the war
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HomeworkHomework
Page 193 #1 a, c #2 b, c #3 a #4 b
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Starter #6: Tuesday 10/5Starter #6: Tuesday 10/5
Look at the cartoon on page 194 Describe what is going on in the
political cartoon. Do you think the artist sees the work
of muckrakers as positive or negative? Explain.
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Starter #7: Wednesday Starter #7: Wednesday 10/610/6
REVIEW #1 Define initiative, referendum, &
recall. #2 What effect did the 15th
amendment have on women’s voting rights?
#3 Define Bully Pulpit & the Square Deal.
#4 What were the 16th & 19th amendments?
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Starter #8: Friday 10/8Starter #8: Friday 10/8
Reflect about the test yesterday… How do you think you did? What was the easiest part? What was the hardest part? What is something that you should
have studied but you didn’t?