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Research techniques and technologies used in print production.

There are 3 types of print production,

Hand Mechanical Digital

Hand Techniques

Technique What Is It? Advantage DisadvantageEtching Using acid on

untreated metal to create pattern.

Is very detailed Acid is toxic and may burn through metal

Linocut Cutting a design into a sheet of lino, creating a reverse image and then pressing it into fabric or wood.

Can be duplicated with ease. Involves lots of tools

The image would be reversed which could cause some problems if you were writing.

Screen Print Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas

Stencils are cheap to create. You can just cut out the shape you want with scissors.Screen printing can be used of material such as fabric which is a real positive

Stencils are inaccurate and could come out faded and in some areas.It’s difficult to achieve fine detail because it uses stencils.It has a very low output. Which is not good for long batch of production

Woodcut A print of a type made

You can print as many times as u

It takes a long time. Needs a lot of

By: Jonathan Newton Unit 7 task 1C

from a design cut in a block of wood, formerly widely used for illustrations in books..

want and the wood will last

specialist equipment

Lithography The process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.

The colour is consistent, unlike some others.It’s very Economical if printed for short periods of time

It takes a long time to do. But with a lot of skill

Mechanical Technique

Technique What Is It? Advantage DisadvantageLetterpress Letterpress is a

type of relief printing. Movable type is locked into the bed of the printing press, then inked and pressed onto a sheet of paper, producing the image.

It doesn’t need people to operate it and therefore if a company needs to make lot of prints they don’t need to waste money on hiring a lot of people to use the machines

It may take longer than other technique

Gravure Gravure printing is a technique that uses engraving to produce the image. The image is engraved onto a cylinder and a

Photographic qualityBright coloursSuperior colour registrationBest appearance possibleBecause it has and engraved plate, it can be used to

It has a high cost- because you have to make the plates. Also it is expensive to maintain the plates.Because it is expensive to run, its only good to run for long periods of time.


sheet of paper is rolled under it, pressing the image onto the paper.

create high quality art and photography book. Also expensive magazines

Screen Process A screen of wood or aluminium with a fabric mesh stretched over it. The mesh is covered with an emulsion which closes the holes. Photographic film is then exposed to UV light. The emulsion is washed away and the mesh is dipped in ink.

It’s one of the best prints to use for texts.

It one of worst to do any art or images or pictures

Digital Technique

Technique What Is It? Advantages DisadvantagesPhotocopying A cylindrical drum

is charged electrostatically. The drum is coated in a photoconductive material. A bright lamp lights up the original image. The areas of the drum that are exposed to light become conductive and the areas that aren’t become

They make large amounts of copy’s at once and don't wear and tear easies.Can also copy images and text well.

Its heavy and it takes up a lot of spacePhotocopied images/pictures don’t tend to be in very good detail. The only pick up bolder line.


negative. This creates an electrical image. A toner is applied to the drum to develop the picture and the toner is applied to a piece of paper, which is melted together to create the image.

Laser Printing This is a method of digital printing that produces high-quality images quickly. It uses an analogue printer, but it uses the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer’s photoreceptor.

It uses the same printing press as other digital methods.The main advantages of laser printers are speed, precision and economy.toner powder is cheap and lasts a long time

Laser printers are also known to be dangerous to the atmosphere and your health. Due to the high voltages when running the machineThey are a lot more costly.

Inkjet Printing Inkjet is a method of computer printing that fires drops of ink onto paper. The principle is also used to directly put ink onto materials.

Inkjet printers are common and relatively cheap.Inkjet printers are considerably cheaper to buy.

Higher end printers are capable of producing good quality images when used with special quality photo paper.Most models are

Due to the cost of ink, running an inkjet printer over time is a more expensive than a laser printer.

Prints emerge from the printer slightly wet and may need time to dry.Printing is slower and therefore inkjets aren't designed for high


relatively light weight and compact so they don't take up too much space on the desk.

volume printing.

Desktop Publishing

Desktop publishing programs create print material via a standardised format.

Control over publications.Inexpensive departmental publications.Quick production of transparencies for meetings.

Setup expenses for computer,.Need knowledge of using desktop publishing software.


Examples of Hand techniques

Etching

Wood Cut


Examples of Mechanical techniques

Letterpress

Gravure


Examples of Digital techniques

Photocopying

Laser Printing


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