1 brookhaven science associates high coherent flux and full polarization control nsls-ii csx project...
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1 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
High Coherent Flux and Full Polarization ControlNSLS-II CSX Project Beamline
Cecilia Sánchez-Hankewith acknowledgements to the CSX BAT and NSLS-II XFD team
NSLS-II EFAC Review April 23, 2009
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High coherent flux and full polarization control BAT
H. Ade, D. A. Arena, S.L. Hulbert, Y. Idzerda, S. Kevan, C. Sánchez-Hanke and S. Wilkins
CSX Beamline Advisory Team*Rubén Reininger,
Scientific Answers & Solutions, Madison, WI
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Outline
1. Scientific Mission2. Beamline Overview
Beamline Requirements and SpecificationsOptics and beamline layout (major changes since last EFAC meeting)
3. EFAC comments4. 1st BAT meeting
comments action items
5. Other design issues6. Cost and Schedule7. Conclusions
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1. Scientific MissionComplementary scientific programs
on two branches: Full Polarization Control and High Coherent Flux
• Surfaces / Buried Interfaces in SCS
• Imaging Complexity/inhomogeities• Diffraction Microscopy• Coherent Imaging
• Soft Matter • Magnetic Interfaces• Dynamics
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• Specifications• ~ 200 to 2000 eV energy range• high coherent flux (maximize)• circular and linear polarization with fast-switching capability up to kHz• spot size on sample: ~4 μm horiz. x ~5 μm vert. (2-) • >95% overlap of the two polarized beams on sample• Flux: ~2 x 1013 photons/sec/0.1%bw
• Requirements • A high degree of stability, of both the electron beam and the beamline optics, to provide:
Full polarization control branch– Stable intensity and polarization (desire 1:103 stability) – Stable beam position (desire <10% of focused
beam spot size at the sample)– Stable beam overlap in fast-switching mode
(desire <5% of focused beam spot size at the sample, which equates to <2.5% beam position wander, as a fraction of the focused beam spot size)
2.1. High coherent flux and full polarization control branches
High coherent branch–Stable intensity (desire 1:104 stability) –Stable beam (desire <10% of the pinhole size)
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Changes:
SGM branchline specifically for coherent studies – minimum number of reflections.
Full polarization control branch with flexible control of flux (polarization & switching).
Move branching mirror into FE – now also provides focusing
Changes:
SGM branchline specifically for coherent studies – minimum number of reflections.
Full polarization control branch with flexible control of flux (polarization & switching).
Move branching mirror into FE – now also provides focusing
2.2. Soft Coherent X-ray Beamline since last EFAC review
Full polarization control branch
Changes:
SGM branchline specifically for coherent studies – minimum number of reflections.
Full polarization control branch with flexible control of flux (polarization & switching).
Move branching mirror into FE – now also provides focusing
SGM mono
High coherent flux branch
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CSX beamline real-space layout
Full polarization control branch
High coherent flux branch
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CSX beamline real-space layout
Full polarization control branch
High coherent flux branch
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3. Response to Comments from EFAC
Comment Response
Combining both programs into a single beamline has compromised the capabilities of both branches to some degree
Calculations show both branches performance should be best in their own class
Canting the ID’s and its use as single device. The phasing of the two undulators will be important and further studies are needed.
On going studies regarding the canting and the phasing of the ID’s. Problem related with straight section length, front end, and floor space
Specific comments on beamline design details: need of multiple mirrors requires careful planning and design, the power load on the mirrors should be check, soft x-ray range allows for much tolerance for the slope errors than a hard x-ray mirrors
Various step process, design and FEA (in first mirrors) will go hand by hand. Mirrors and gratings tolerances are being checked. Collaboration with metrology R&D
Care has to be taken during the design phase to make sure that the coherence is preserved at the sample with the maximum flux
Both branches optical design will request to have wave front analysis
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4. 1st BAT meeting in January 2009
Goals:
a) provide guidance to finalize the optical design
b) provide guidance for beamline operation schemes
c) provide guidance for endstations
Agenda talks:
a) Ruben Reininger “Beamline optics and layout”
Toshi Tanabe “CSX beamline ID’s”
Steve Hulbert “Undulator-overlaping issues”
b) Paul Steadman
c) Konstantine Kaznatcheev
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4. BAT recommendations: action items (29)
Items Status
Beamline ID’sEnergy range > 270 eV (linear vert.)Need/required QEPU to eliminate higher harmonics
EPU49 is current choice, under study the beamline performance with this selection.R&D for QEPU
Beamline operation schemesFast switching, dual or single operation Operation schemes are limited by length of the straight as well as the insertion of an “ID phaser”
Pending final decision for fast switching scheme. Need to contact BESSY and ESRF to investigate “phaser”
Beamline optics : a) high coherent flux , b) full polarization controlRecommendation to assign R & D for gratings* and optics**
First optics need to repeat FEA analysis and specially a) wave front analysis for coherence preservation
Concern Zeiss stop grating fabrication, searching for collaborations to obtain state of the art gratings
Ruben Reininger is keeping in contact with group in Germany willing to start a company.
Many items are related with each other:Switching scheme, real state at straight section, ID’s performance (period)relates with optics performance, requires of FEA analysis and new cost estimates.
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4. BAT recommendations: action items (29)
List of other Items Status
Analysis for ZP positioning in coherence branch Same analysis as for nanofocus hard x-ray beamline
Vibration analysis for optics and end-stations Need evaluation
Detector requirements for beamline/endstations Preliminary list includes area detectors (fast read out) and photon counting detectors, list keeps growing
Error analysis in full polar. branch with 6 degrees of freedom in first optics, specially energy shifts
Request has to go to Ruben Reininger
BPM’s and diagnostics specific for soft x-rays In contact with Diamond ID6 and BLADE beamlines and PETRA-III soft x-ray beamline
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APPLE-II “APPLE-II “Period Choice Chart”Period Choice Chart”Minimal (for 11.5 mm Gap) and Maximal Photon Energies of the Fundamental Harmonic
vs Undulator Period for 3 GeV Electron Energy
Magnet Parameters: Br = 1.25 (NdFeB) Transverse Dimensions: 38 mm x 38 mm or 30 mm x 30 mm Horizontal Gap: 1 mm
270 eV
49 mm period
Oleg Chubar & Toshi TanabeBAT conditions for the selection of the
EPU period: Min hv vert 270 eV
High energy…
Period length
47mm 48mm 49mm 51mm
Min hv lin horiz
180 eV 170 eV 160 eV
140 eV
Min hv circ
260 eV 230 220 eV 180 eV
Min hv lin vert
310 eV 280 eV 260 eV 220 eV
Min hv lin 45deg
440 eV 400 eV 380 eV 320 eV
Max hv (K=0.2)
1780 eV 1740 eV 1710 eV 1630 eV
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APPLE-II “APPLE-II “Period Choice Chart”Period Choice Chart”Minimal (for 11.5 mm Gap) and Maximal Photon Energies of the Fundamental Harmonic
vs Undulator Period for 3 GeV Electron Energy
Magnet Parameters: Br = 1.25 (NdFeB) Transverse Dimensions: 38 mm x 38 mm or 30 mm x 30 mm Horizontal Gap: 1 mm
49 mm period
1700 eV
Oleg Chubar & Toshi Tanabe
figure with comparison brightness for different EPU periods
BAT needs EPU45 performance
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CSX full polarization control branch: switching using static canted EPUs
Single beam mode: x2 flux
Fixed polarization selection• Linear (sigma OR pi)• Circular (left OR right)
Static canted beam mode, fast switchable using chopper
Fast-switching polarization selection
• Linear (sigma AND pi)• Circular (left AND right)
0.16 mrad
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CSX source usage modes (con’d)
Source Usage Mode Undulators Coherent branch Polarization Control Branch
Not shared In line (phased) M0 mirror inserted
Not shared In line (phased) or canted
M0 mirror retracted; use dedicated optics for either (a) in-line (phased) undulators as a single source or (b) canted undulators with different polarizations selected by chopper
Shared Canted: upstream undulator pointing inboard, downstream undulator pointing outboard
M0 mirror inserted in upstream undulator beam; use upstream undulator beam
Use downstream undulator beam
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Real estate problem in the low-straight
• 2 x EPUs (APPLE II) canted by 0.16 mrad (horizontal plane)• Number of periods 44• Period length 45 mm• Kmax 4.33 (linear mode), 2.69 (circular mode)
• Low- straight section (6.7 m long, as of May 2008)• Need space for 2 insertion devices plus 3-5 canting magnets• Need space for BPMs
Length: 2m
August 2007
J. Skaritka courtesy
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CSX front end layout
SGV - slow gate valve FAPM - fixed aperture mask XBPM - photon BPM (non-absorbing) x two beamsCO - lead collimator PS - photon shutterM0 – mirror * move to the beamline front endSS - safety shutter **
17.85 m
18.25 m
18.85m
19.35 m
19.65 m
20.15 m
24.15 m
24.85 m
27.05 m
Non-standard items needed:• adjustable white beam apertures
Items not needed:• No need for differential pumping section (windowless,
ultra-high vacuum beamline)
20.50 m
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Side View
CSX beamline optics layout optics specifications vs metrology
• Horizontal Focusing by M4 -- ~52:1
• Fast Switching: change M1 and M3Beamline High flux fast switching branch
High flux coherent branch
Source to M1 29.50 m 20.50 m
M1 to entrance slit 12.50 m
M1 to M2 ~ 2.43 m
M1 to grating ~ 2.50 m 13.60 m
Grating to exit slit ~10.00 m ~ 2.09 m
Exit slit to M3 ~ 1.20 m
M3 to M4 0.75 m
M4 to sample 1.00 m
Total ~45.00 m
Plane M2
Plane gratingVLS
ExitSlit
Cylindrical M1
Sample
Plane EllipticalsM3, M4
Planar M0
Top view
Toroidal M1Spherical grating
SampleEntrance slit
Exit pinhole inside chamber
Side view
• 100 nrad RMS planes• 500 nrad RMS Elliptical, cylinder meridional
In_Sync currently (April 16th 2009)
Plane 200 nrad RMS
Sagital cylinder 500 nrad RMS
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Coherent branch endstation
Technique
• Soft X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
• Coherent scattering imaging retrieval
Experimental capabilities
• In-vacuum diffraction chamber
• 30 nm zone plate
• Polarization analysis
• Temperature control down to
5 K
Currently final assembly
soon moved to X1A
Status
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Polarization control endstation
Experimental capabilities• In vacuum diffractometer
• Magnet 1 Tesla (in x, y and z)
• Sample transfer
• Sample temperature down to ~20 K
• Future
• Motorized multiple pinholes
• Polarization analyzer
Under construction;
Chamber is in hause as many of the other parts
will serve NSLS X13A user community prior to NSLS-II starts operations
Status
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WBS Dictionary: All activity related to the design, construction, and commissioning (without beam) of an insertion device soft x-ray beamline covering an energy range between 200 to 2000 eV, with the capability to perform experiments using the coherent part of the photon beam, and switchable polarization.
Undulator Beamline 4: Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CXS)Total Estimated Cost ($ x 1000)
WBS Description
Direct $
Total Burdened & Escalated
Bottoms up Contingency
Total with Contingency
FTEs LaborNon-Labor
(Mtrl, Trvl, Act)% $ Value
1.04.05.04 Undulator Beamline 4Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CXS) 22.6 1,799 6,792 11,709 44 5,160 16,869
1.04.05.04.01 First Optic Enclosure 0.2 13 129 173 2 48 221
1.04.05.04.02 Layout & Transport 1.0 79 33 199 4 92 291
1.04.05.04.03 Utilities 1.0 61 100 238 1 48 285
1.04.05.04.04 White Beam Apertures 0.5 40 149 256 1 31 287
1.04.05.04.05 First Mirrors (M0 & M1) 1.2 90 768 1,094 6 591 1,685
1.04.05.04.06 Monochromator (M2 + gratings) 1.6 125 1,068 1,538 4 615 2,153
1.04.05.04.07 Exit Slits 2.1 149 673 1,082 4 455 1,537
1.04.05.04.08 Polarization Selection Components 0.5 41 127 237 3 81 317
1.04.05.04.09 Branching Mirror 0.9 73 361 585 5 246 831
1.04.05.04.10 Refocusing Mirror 2.1 160 2,014 2,703 6 1,460 4,162
1.04.05.04.11 Personnel Safety System 0.4 24 35 94 .24 23 117
1.04.05.04.12 Equipment Protection System 0.6 37 67 162 2 39 201
1.04.05.04.13 Endstation 1 3.2 245 1,110 1,837 10 735 2,572
1.04.05.04.15 Beamline Controls 0 0 90 117 1 42 159
1.04.05.04.16 Beamline Control Station 0 0 25 34 0 0 34
1.04.05.04.17 Beamline Management 7.2 660 44 1,358 2 657 2,015
Material and labor costs estimated*** for high coherent flux branch
~ $ 543 k M0 Mirror *~ $ 673 k Water-cooled entrance & exit slits *~ $ 650 k Grating chamber~ $ 360 k Labor (120k x 3) **---------------------------------------------------------------------- ~ $ 2,226 k Total for coherent branch
Material and labor costs recovered by removal of one branch
~ $ 361 k Branching mirror *~ $ 338 k Water-cooled exit slit *~ $ 999 k M3 and M4 refocusing mirrors * ~ $ 350 k Labor (115k + 115k + 120k) **---------------------------------------------------------------~ $ 2,048 k Total recovered costs
* Includes diagnostics, transport, and vacuum hardware** includes labor for specification, procurement, QA testing, and installation*** rough estimates, need to be refined
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Beamline BudgetProgram: Description: Approval:NSLS_EV8 NSLS_EV8 Program ManagerRun Date: Status Date: Functional Manager4/13/2009 3/31/2009 Cost Account Manager
Cost Account BE[2] FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Cumulative1.04.05.04 Undulator Beamline 4, Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CXS)
ACT Historic Actual CostsDIRECT BCWS 43,777 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,777
BE[2] Totals: BCWS 43,777 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,777LABOR
FTE BCWS 0 0.98 2.25 3.50 4.34 5.65 6.24 1.25 24.21DIRECT BCWS 0 74,832 189,961 285,069 339,309 428,696 462,672 85,545 1,866,085INDIRECTS BCWS 0 64,717 175,620 277,001 351,114 471,525 539,986 105,772 1,985,735
BE[2] Totals: BCWS 0 139,549 365,581 562,070 690,424 900,222 1,002,658 191,317 3,851,820TRAVEL
DIRECT BCWS 0 3,043 4,269 4,269 56,919 0 3,000 0 71,500INDIRECTS BCWS 0 427 755 916 14,422 0 1,005 0 17,524
BE[2] Totals: BCWS 0 3,470 5,024 5,185 71,341 0 4,005 0 89,024MATERIAL
DIRECT BCWS 0 0 17,396 9,962 2,818,930 2,981,832 254,423 26,293 6,108,836INDIRECTS BCWS 0 0 3,076 2,137 463,068 604,235 64,059 9,928 1,146,503
BE[2] Totals: BCWS 0 0 20,472 12,099 3,281,998 3,586,067 318,482 36,221 7,255,339Grand Totals:
BCWS 43,777 143,019 391,077 579,354 4,043,762 4,486,288 1,325,145 227,538 11,239,960
With the final design BAT recommends new cost estimates
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CSX Beamline: Status and Plans
• Polarization control branch of beamline design in good shape (Ruben Reininger)
• End station(s) to be transferred from NSLS (currently in design/manufacture)
• Coherent branch conceptual design needs to be finalize (Ruben Reininger, Sept. 2009)
• Thermal FEA analysis required for first mirrors of both branches
• Review of fast switching options:
• baseline optical design is based on static canted sources
• analysis of relative accelerator (real estate) and beamline risks, costs, and benefits of each scheme scheme
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Summary
• Design of a unique best-in-class high performance dual branch soft x-ray beamline with flexibility to perform world class science in the soft x-ray energy range (270 to 1700eV)
• Coherent branch: high coherent photon flux (~1014 ph/s), with resolving power of the order of 1000
- uses both insertion devices in phase as one, with a reduced number of optics
• Polarization control branch: high photon flux (2 x 1013 ph/s) with ~ 104 power resolution
- uses both insertion devices with “opposite” polarizations,- Fast switches between polarizations