1. Before 1. Before CivilizationCivilization

The Earth and Its PeoplesThe Earth and Its Peoples

Part I – The Emergence of Human Communities Part I – The Emergence of Human Communities to 500 BCto 500 BC

A. Origins of Agriculture A. Origins of Agriculture 1 1stst River Valley River Valley Civs (8000BC – 1500BC)Civs (8000BC – 1500BC)

Who’s comin’ to my cave party

next full moon?

Everybody must get stoned!

DefinitioDefinitionsns• CivilizationCivilization – settled agricultural life + – settled agricultural life +

social, economic, & technological traitssocial, economic, & technological traitsEX:EX: city centers, territory, specialized jobs, wealth city centers, territory, specialized jobs, wealth

status, monument building, record-keeping, trade, status, monument building, record-keeping, trade, interest in science/artinterest in science/art

• CultureCulture – learned patterns of action & – learned patterns of action & expression passed onexpression passed on

EX:EX: dwellings, clothing, tools/crafts, values/beliefs, dwellings, clothing, tools/crafts, values/beliefs, languageslanguages

• HistoryHistory – development, transmission, & – development, transmission, & transformation of cultural practices & transformation of cultural practices & eventsevents

The Neolithic AgeThe Neolithic Age

• Old Stone AgeOld Stone Age• 2 millionBC-8000BC2 millionBC-8000BC• Stone Stone

weapons/toolsweapons/tools

• Hunter-gatherersHunter-gatherers• NomadicNomadic• Use of FireUse of Fire

The Paleolithic AgeThe Paleolithic Age

• New Stone AgeNew Stone Age• 8000BC-2500BC8000BC-2500BC• AgriculturalAgricultural• Animal Animal

DomesticationDomestication

• Sedentary SettlementSedentary Settlement• Pastoralism Pastoralism (herd-(herd-

keeping)keeping)

• Holocene Era – period Holocene Era – period of global warming since of global warming since last Ice Age (9000BC-last Ice Age (9000BC-present)present)

• Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution – change from food – change from food gathering to food producing societies gathering to food producing societies worldwideworldwide

about (8000BC)about (8000BC)

DefinitioDefinitionn

Baaaah. I have a question. How did

animals like me become domesticated? Tame, I

mean?Check it. Our ancestors likely grazed more and more near human

settlements since they drove away predators. We also ate their crops. Humans then selected the best of us

to breed, and well….we became captive animals and a food source for

them. I gotta be moooovin’ out.

Life in a Neolithic Life in a Neolithic communitycommunity• Hunter-gatherers were displaced, killed off, or Hunter-gatherers were displaced, killed off, or

absorbed by farming populationsabsorbed by farming populations• Marriage Marriage Kinship Kinship• LineageLineage/Clans – kinship units tied to land claims/Clans – kinship units tied to land claims• MatrilinealMatrilineal vs. vs. PatrilinealPatrilineal Ancestry: Ancestry:Women revered for giving birth / men for physical Women revered for giving birth / men for physical

abilityability

• Gods: Earth Mother, Sky God, elemental deitiesGods: Earth Mother, Sky God, elemental deities• MegalithsMegaliths – giant stone arrangements (religious) – giant stone arrangements (religious)

EX:EX: StonehengeStonehenge• 11stst cities – cities – Jericho, Catal HuyukJericho, Catal Huyuk (trade centers) (trade centers)

JerichJerichoo

StoneheStonehengenge

Knowledge Knowledge Checkpoint 1Checkpoint 1

1.1. What is the fundamental difference What is the fundamental difference between Paleoltihic and Neolithic between Paleoltihic and Neolithic societies?societies?

2.2. How do animals becomes tame?How do animals becomes tame?

3.3. What are 2 characteristics of life in a What are 2 characteristics of life in a Neolithic community?Neolithic community?