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3GPP2 Vision JEMJuly 12-13, 2002

Ed Tiedemann

Notice

©2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated. All rights reserved

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This document has been prepared by QUALCOMM Incorporated to assist the development of specifications by 3GPP2. It is proposed to the Committee as a basis for discussion and is not to be construed as a binding proposal on QUALCOMM Incorporated. QUALCOMM Incorporated specifically reserves the right to amend or modify the material contained herein and nothing herein shall be construed as conferring or offering licenses or rights with respect to any intellectual property of QUALCOMM Incorporated other than provided in the copyright statement above.

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S00VISION-20020708-004

A Focus for the CDMA Industry

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State of 3GPP2

• 3GPP2 is successful!

• In spite of being “2”, 3GPP2 has come a long way– Have commercially deployed cdma2000 and HRPD equipment!

– Have very advanced standards technologically

– Have become considerably more organized

– Have very good attendance and a high number of contributions in spite of the state of our industry and economy

3

What Do We Have

• Fantastic voice services!– Great capacity

– Great coverage

– Good quality

Great, as where money is made in the industry

• Good data services– Have good capacity and coverage (even with Rev 0)

– Have better capacity with 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV

– Could do better. Problems are:– Slowness of traffic channel setup

– First generation implementations

– Applications

Industry trying to figure out the business model

4

What Do We Have

IS-2000(cdma2000

Rev 0)

August 1999August 1999

J-STD-008TSB74

IS-95-A TIA/EIA-95-B

IS-2000-C (cdma2000

Rev C)

May 2002May 2002

IS-2000-B (cdma2000

Rev B)

April 2002April 2002

IS-2000-A (cdma2000

Rev A)

March March 20002000

May 1995May 1995 March 1999March 1999

July 1996July 1996

IS-856 (1xEV-DO)

October 2000October 2000

IS-2000-D (cdma2000

Rev D)

??

IS-856-A (1xEV-DO)

??

A Great Migration Vision

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Status of Core Standards

• cdma2000 Revision 0 is commercially deployed– Very heavily deployed in Korea– Good deployment in Japan– Building up handset base in North America– Many other countries are in early deployment

• HRPD (1xEV-DO) is commercially deployed• cdma2000 Revision A is about a year from deployment• cdma2000 Revision B is later• cdma2000 Revision C (1xEV-DV) is a very large development effort• cdma2000 Revision D standards development has begun

But, isn’t the network as important!

But, aren’t the services as important!

But, aren’t the A interfaces as important!

But, what about performance!

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Focus

• On deployment of existing air interface standards

• On deployment of existing network standards

• On enhancing the performance of existing deployments

• On performance specifications

• On enhancing the RAN (A) interfaces

• On incremental enhancements to the air interface, particularly enhancements that that reuse existing cdma2000 base station hardware

• On the evolution to the all IP network

• On applications

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Performance Specifications

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Air Interface Performance and Test Specifications

• Just completing C.S0010 (TIA/EIA-97) and C.S0011 (TIA/EIA-98) for Revision A

• Target baseline date is December 2002 for C.S0031 (IS-898) for Revision A

• To support Revision B and C– Need update of C.S0010

– Need update of C.S0011

– Need update of C.S0031

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Some Performance and Test Specification Needs

• Performance specifications for small base stations (microcells)

• Performance specifications to support repeaters

• Performance specifications to support mobile stations using receive diversity

• Enhancement of signaling conformance specifications

• Enhancement of specifications for data services

• Bring CTIA tests into 3GPP2 to have “one place for tests”

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Classes of Base Stations

• C.S0010 treats all base stations as the same class• Essentially C.S0010 developed for large macrocell base

stations• If classes are defined, then can relax some specifications

– Certain emission limits– Receiver sensitivity

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Performance Specifications for Repeaters

• Huge number of repeaters deployed in CDMA networks

• Have not been industry specifications for CDMA repeaters

• TSG-C Working Group 4 has developed a first generation of repeater specifications in C.S0010-B

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Performance Specifications for Repeaters

• Receiver frequency coverage requirements (3.1)

• Receiver sensitivity (3.5.1) • Receiver dynamic range (3.5.2) • Single-tone desense (3.5.3) • Intermodulation spurious response

attenuation (3.5.4) • Adjacent channel selectivity (3.5.5) • Receiver unintentional spurious emissions

(3.6)

• Transmitter frequency coverage requirements (4.1)

• Modulation requirements (4.2) • RF output power requirements (4.3) • Transmitter spurious emissions (4.4) • 5 μs delay requirement • 0.04 rho degradation allowed • Out-of-band gain requirement

• Need to create classes of repeaters• Need to add some additional specifications for repeaters

Many requirements the same as for a regular base station

Special requirements for repeaters

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Performance Specifications for Dual Antenna Mobiles

• Will soon have technology that permits dual-antenna mobile stations to be built at a reasonable cost

• Considerable increase in C/I or reduction in forward link Ec/Io to support a mobile station

• QUALCOMM Testing

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C/I Measurements for 1 and 2 Antenna Mobile Station

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Performance Specifications for Dual Antenna Mobiles

• A way is needed to characterize the performance of dual-mode mobile stations

• It is not clear how to establish minimum performance requirements when the second antenna is present due to the wide variation in antenna gains that are expected

• May be able to establish some classes of mobile stations with different second antenna gains

• Also note, have not developed performance specifications for beam steering applications (use of auxiliary pilot)

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Motivation for Packet Data Performance Specifications

• Packet data system performance is affected by the performance of the mobile and many network elements

• Often these network elements come from different vendors. The 3GPP2 specifications define how these elements communicate but they do not define good implementations

• For many data features, the performance and optimization is left to the implementer and system integrator

• The interconnection between network elements also affects system performance

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Performance Metrics

• Operators need a metric against which to measure the performance of these elements and performance of the overall system

• Could also be some set of minimal requirements

• The information can be used to guarantee performance before actual deployment

• The information can provide valuable insight on how to improve network performance

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Role in 3GPP2 Vision

• The evolution of 3GPP2 is towards all-IP networks and IP-based services.

• The industry needs robust and well performing packet data networks as these serve as the foundation for all-IP and IP-based services

• Therefore it is important that 3GPP2 develop specifications to ensure well performing packet data networks

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Air Interface Tests

• Traffic channel set-up and tear down times– Air interface establishment of traffic channel between BS and MS

• Dormant reactivation time

• Link throughput– RLP between the BS and MS

– TCP between MS and test server

• Sector throughput–Only data users

–Mixed voice and data users

– Scheduler fairness

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Air Interface Tests (Continued)

• SCH management– SCH assignment delays

– Response time to SCRM

• Handoff times– Intra BS, Inter BS Intra PCF, Inter PCF Intra PDSN, Inter PCF

Intra PDSN Dormant HO, Inter PDSN Dormant HO

• Air Interface QoS–Metrics for assured data rate, error rate, delay, inter-packet

delay

• Document to be developed in TSG-C

• Some of the tests from CDG Stage 2 Interoperability Tests cover minimum performance. But overall, it is a protocol conformance test document.

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A-Interface Performance

• Set-up times for establishing connections– A-8 between the BS and PCF

– A-10 between the PCF and PDSN

• AAA Network transaction times with HLR/MSC

• Handoff times– Network component of Intra BS, Inter BS Intra PCF, Inter PCF

Intra PDSN, Inter PCF Intra PDSN Dormant HO, Inter PDSN Dormant HO

• Document to be developed in TSG-A

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Core Network Element Tests

Packet Data Service Node (PDSN)

• Access Router Function– PPP setup time with various capabilities negotiation

– Performance of compression protocols

– Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) related timing tests

– Inactivity Timer/LCP-Echo Request performance issues

– Active and dormant PPP capacity

• Foreign Agent Function– Processing times for Agent Solicitations and sending Agent

Advertisements

– AAA server transaction times

– MIP Protocol performance (e.g., registration times)

– Tunnel setup with HA

• Home Agent and AAA server performance

• Document to be developed in TSG-P

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Inter-element andEnd-to-End Delay Tests

• Delay measurements– Network (IP) and Transport (UDP/TCP) Delays

– Delay Variations

– Inter-element delay measurements between– MS – BTS

– BTS – BSC

– BSC – PCF

– PCF – PDSN

– End-to-end delay measurements between– MS – test server

– MS – MS– Intra PDSN

– Inter PDSN

• Document to be developed with input from TSG-C, TSG-A, and TSG-P

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New Core Air Interface Features

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Core Air Interface Standardization Items

• Broadcast channel

• Reverse link capacity enhancements

• Wideband speech codec

• MEID (ESN replacement)

• Support of SIP call control

• Updating the service specifications for IP transport/independence from the underlying call processing states

• 3GPP2 needs to look at incremental enhancements (refinements) to the basic cdma2000 platform– May not require new infrastructure hardware

• 3GPP2 needs to better understand role of advanced antenna techniques, some of which already exist in the standards– Really a study item

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All IP Networks

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Focused MMD Effort

• Goal– Develop core network standard to support IP multi-media

services in mobile systems based on networking principles on which Internet was founded

• Rationale– Deals uniformly with any medium, not only voice

– Offers interoperability with a rich array of Internet services

– Can take advantage of a variety of available network hardware and software components

– Can offer services fast due to market driven and competitive forces in the World Wide Web

Principles of migration to All-IP should be kept in perspective

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Focused MMD Effort

• The vision of MMD as wireless extension of the Internet

• The business model becomes a key issue for operators– Ultimately affects industry as a whole

• Operators should ponder the question of business model, so that it reflect itself in the MMD effort going forward

• Key question: Should an operator be “just a dumb pipe”, an ISP, a media company, an m-commerce company, or what mix of the above?

• The question is ultimately that of MMD network openness, reflecting itself in the standards work

• Excessively closed network and attempt so limit access to specialized companies may be short-sighted, and will likely lead to delayed takeup of many desirable services

• Balance must be struck

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3GPP2’s Role - Focus

• Collaborative with IETF, with focus on key issues

• Whenever possible use proven Internet protocols unaltered– Server implementations, many applications already exist

– Migrate with the Internet

• Whenever possible, use popular Internet services – Market model already proven

– Potential user base already accustomed to service

– Applications already run, may need small adaptations

• Standardize lower protocol layers, as opposed to details of application layer– Efficient use of spectrum and radio resources

– Economic foundation for mass data services market

• Service enablers, e.g. Broadcast with autonomous handoff

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Applications

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Wireless Applications

• Are they:– Pure Internet services?

– WAP services?

– Downloadable (BREW/J2ME)?

– Those being defined by OMA?

• Where standards fit in this space is not clear

• The bodies developing application standards is not clear

• 3GPP2 should pay close attention to dynamics of interaction with OMA and IETF

• In key uniquely wireless services (e.g. Location) strong multi-way interaction should be established with IETF and OMA

• An example of location application and privacy protection follows– IETF GEOPRIV is looking at privacy issues

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Precise Location

Lat: 43º 44' 13"Lon: 7º 25' 22"Precision: 10 m

Actual

Actual

Given to highly trusted entities

34 Quai Des Etats UnisMonte CarloPrincipality of Monaco

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Diluted Location

Lat: 43° 44' 26"Lon: 7° 25' 22"Precision 1,000 m

Lat

itu

de

Ran

ge

Longitude Range

Rounded

Actual

Beausoleil, France orMonte Carlo, Monaco

Given to somewhat less trusted entities

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Coarse Location

Lat: 43° 43' 53"Lon: 7° 28' 18"Precision 10,000 m

Center

Lat

itu

de

Ran

ge

Longitude Range

Principality of Monaco or Provence-Alpes,Côte d'Azur, FR

Actual

Rounded

Given to entities with some degree of trust

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Summary, In 3GPP2 Lets Focus

• On performance specifications

• On enhancing the RAN (A) interfaces

• On incremental enhancements to the air interface, particularly enhancements that that reuse existing cdma2000 base station hardware

• On the evolution to the all IP network

• On applications