Single Phase to Three Phase AC Single Phase to Three Phase AC MATRIX CONVERTER MATRIX CONVERTERSS

forforTraction DrivesTraction Drives

by

Bhimrao S.Gajbhiye IICPE 2012,ID- 799179, Paper ID-1569637039

Presentation 2012 5th India international

IEEE Conference on power electronics (Transportation)New Delhi

2

IntroductionIntroduction

Matrix Converters (MC) Single phase-to-Single phase ac MC Three phase-to-Single phase ac MC Three phase-to-Three phase ac MC Single phase-to-Three phase ac MC

Matrix converters are designed with 4- Quadrant Bi-directional Switch cells are capable of

generating AC-AC.

Load voltage can be varied by SPWM with arbitrary amplitude and frequency to obtain

sinusoidal input/ output waveforms.

No inductive or capacitive elements are required,

thus allowing for compact design.

A Bi-directional switch cell

= =

3

Matrix Converters Matrix Converters Single phase to Three phase AC Single phase to Three phase AC

Va Phase voltage

Vs -Source voltage , Vab -Line voltage

Ia Phase current

Ii Source current

Time (ms)

4

Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix Converters Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix Converters Separation & LINK methodSeparation & LINK method

Separation and Link method- ref.No.7

+Va -Va Phase voltage, Vs -Source Voltage

+Vab –Vab Line voltage Vs -Source Voltage

+Ii -Ii Input current

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Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(a) + 100 ( 612 )

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sb2d

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(b) + 011 ( 345 )

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2Sc2d

Sc3d

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(c) + 010 ( 234 )

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sb2d

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(d) + 101 ( 561 )

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2Sc2d

Sc3d

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(e) + 001 ( 456 )

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sb2d

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(f ) + 110 ( 123 )

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2Sc2d

Sc3d

Sc2d

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2

S4

S1 S3 S5

S6 S2 S2S6S4

S1 S3 S5

-

+ +

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(a) - 100

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

(b) - 011

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

(c) - 010

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

(d) - 101

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

(e) - 001

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

(f) - 110

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

--

- -

--

++

+ +

+ +

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2 S4 S2S6

S5S3S1

S6 S6

S6 S6

S1 S1

S1 S1

S3

S3

S3

S3

S5 S5

S5 S5

S4 S4

S4 S4

S2 S2

S2 S2

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(g) + 000

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sb2d

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(h) + 111

Ii

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2Sc2d

Sc3d

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2

S1 S3 S5

S4 S6 S2

+

-

+

-Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(g) - 000

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2

Vs

Sb1 Sc1

Sb2d

Sa3 S b3 Sc3

Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d

AB

C

Sa1

S a 2d

(h) - 111

Sa4 Sb4 Sc4

Sa2 Sb2 Sc2Sc2d

Sc3d

S1S1 S3 S3 S5S5

S4S4 S6S6 S2S2

-

+ +

-

Single phase to Three phase ac matrix converters16-Operation States

(a) Positive source period. (b) Negative source period.

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States Vab Vbc Vca Switching Operation+ (100) Vs 0 -Vs Sa1 Sa2d Sb3 Sb4d Sc3 Sc4d

+ (101) Vs -Vs 0 Sa1 Sa2d Sb3 Sb4d Sc1 Sc2d

+ (001) 0 -Vs Vs Sa3 Sa4d Sb3 Sb4d Sc1 Sc2d

+ (011) -Vs 0 Vs Sa3 Sa4d Sb1 Sb2d Sc1 Sc2d

+ (010) -Vs Vs 0 Sb1 Sb2d Sa3 Sa4d Sc3 Sc4d

+ (110) 0 Vs -Vs Sa1 Sa2d Sb1 Sb2d Sc3 Sc4d

+ (000) 0 0 0 Sa3 Sa4d Sb3 Sb4d Sc3 Sc4d

+ (111) 0 0 0 Sa1 Sa2d Sb1 Sb2d Sc1 Sc2d

- (100) Vs 0 -Vs Sb4 Sb3d Sc4 Sc3d Sa2 Sa1d

- (101) Vs -Vs 0 Sb4 Sb3d Sa2 Sa1d Sc2 Sc1d

- (001) 0 -Vs Vs Sa4 Sa3d Sb4 Sb3d Sc2 Sc1d

- (011) -Vs 0 Vs Sa4 Sa3d Sb2 Sb1d Sc2 Sc1d

- (010) -Vs Vs 0 Sa4 Sa3d Sc4 Sc3d Sb2 Sb1d

- (110) 0 Vs -Vs Sc4 Sc3d Sa2 Sa1d Sb2 Sb1d

- (000) 0 0 0 Sa4 Sa3d Sb4 Sb3d Sc4 Sc3d

- (111) 0 0 0 Sa2 Sa1d Sb2 Sb1d Sc2 Sc1d

‘1’ Upper arm switch ON, ‘0‘ Lower arm switch ON‘+’ period source voltage, ‘-‘ period source voltage

Subscript ‘d’ denotes diode to that switch.

Table for 16 Operation states- single to three phase ac matrix converters

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Conventional Single phase to Three phase ac with DC Link Conventional Single phase to Three phase ac with DC Link Traction DrivesTraction Drives

Line converter Motor converter

25kV AC AC-DC DC-AC 1269V ac 2800 V DC 2180 V AC, 3-Phase,170Hz

1142A

270A

Resonant circuit DC-Link capacitor Overvoltage /brake chopper

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S 1 S 3

S 6S 4

V s (t)

S 5

S 2

Sc1

Sc2

Sc1d

Sc2d

M

I i (t)

a

b

c

A

B

C

+

Source Matrix converter Traction motor

Proposed Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix ConvertersTraction Drives

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Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix ConverterSingle phase to Three phase ac Matrix ConverterProposed for Traction drivesProposed for Traction drives

TABLE: -TRACTION MOTOR PARAMETERS

Type: ABB-6FRA6068 Supply Frequency f i = 50 Hz

Supply Voltage V = 2180V

Output Frequency fo = 65 - 170 Hz

Speed N = 1283 rpm

Power (KW) P = 850 KW

Continuous current IL = 270 A Max. Current, ILmax = 393 A

Stator Resistance Rs = 0.0727 Ω Stator Inductance Ls = 1.312 mH

Rotor Resistance R’r = 0.0641 Ω Rotor Inductance Lr = 2.716 mH

Motor Inertia J = 19.1 Kgm2 Mutual Inductance Lm = 41.982 m H

Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix Converter Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix Converter SPWM ( SPWM ( Va Va -Phase Generation)-Phase Generation)

on

on

off

off

Switchx= a, b, c

PWM signals

A=1B=1

A=1B=0

A=0B=1

A=0B=0

Sx1 1 0 0 1

Sx2 0 1 1 0

Sx3 0 1 1 0

Sx4 1 0 0 1

Off

Off

On

On

Va

Sa3

Sa2

Sa4

Sa1

uaref ubref ucref uc

A=1 (+) Source period A=0 (-) Source period

B=1 (+) SPWM signal B=0 (0) SPWM signal

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Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter-with a traction Motor

1-phase Source Current ,Ii and Voltage ,Vs

Ia Ib Ic 3-phase ac Load currents

Va Vb Vc 3-Phase Voltage

Vab Vbc Vca 3-phase Line Voltage

Speed

Torque (em)

Ia Ib Ic 3-phase ac Load Currents

Time (s)Time (s)

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Advantages Advantages :- Single phase to Three phase ac :- Single phase to Three phase ac Matrix ConvertersMatrix Converters

It provides direct ac-ac conversion thus eliminating the need for reactive energy storage elements.

Elimination of DC link provides the opportunity for one semiconductor building block (Module) can be fabricated as power IC with significant reduction in size, cost and weight.

The Power IC can also incorporate gating /protection circuits and hence further add to reliability.

The matrix converter provides an inherent 4 quadrant operation. It provides independent control of the output voltage magnitude , frequency, phase angle and operation at lagging, Unity or leading power factor.

Disadvantages of 1-to-3 phase ac MC Higher number of Bi-directional switches, higher the switching losses and lower overall

efficiency. Proper Heat sinks to be designed. The lack of a DC link in the matrix converter, it indicates that there is stronger

coupling between the two AC sides of the matrix converter. Therefore required more elaborate control strategy to minimize mutual interaction between the two AC sides.

Input ac & Output 3-phase ac sides required active or passive filters for wave shaping.

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ConclusionsConclusions

The proposed 1-3-phase ac Matrix converter provides balanced Three-phase output power and nearly sinusoidal input current. However, output voltages contain few low order harmonics which can be filtered out easily.

The fluctuation in voltage due to the SPWM can be stabilized by using Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) logic control or any other improved control logic.

The six bi-directional switches configuration make the proposed converter more reliable , simple, economical as well as practical.

Most suitable for Railway Traction, Domestic, industrial and Agricultural applications.

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ReferencesReferences

[1] S. I. Kahn, P. D. Ziogas, and M. H. Rashid, “A novel single to three phase static converter,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1989, Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 143-152.

[2] Jianmin Xiao, Wei Zhang; Hideki Omori, Keizo Matsui “A Novel Operation Strategy for Single-to Three-Phase Matrix Converter” Electrical Machines and systems,2009,ICMES-2009/5382800,page 1-6,Cited by:3

Email: xiao_zju@hotmail.com [3] Ashwin Kumar Sahoo , Meenakshe, S. S Dash, and T. Thyagarajan

“Analysis and simulation of Matrix Converter Using PSIM.” The 7th International Conference on Power Electronics-October 22-26, 2007/ EXCO, Daegu, Korea. 978-1-4244-1872-5/08 IEEE.

[4] M. Saito and N. Matsui, “A Single-to Three-Phase Matrix Converter for a Vector-Controlled Induction Motor,” IEEE-IAS, April 2008,978-1-4244-2279-1/08 IEEE

[5] P. Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J. Clare, Empringham and A. Weinstein., "Matrix converters: A Technology Review," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, April 2002,pp. 276 - 288.

[6] A. Zuckerberger, D. Weinstock, A. Alexandrovitz, "Simulation of three-phase loaded matrix converter," in Proc. on Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 4, July 1996, pp. 294-300.

[7] ABB Transportation Systems Ltd., 3EHM 426 603 “data sheet for Asynchronous Traction Motor Type: 6FRA6068” revision 02-09-1994

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Thank you.