1 12/03/2009 jakobsregulation european refrigeration market cholodexpo rossija 2009 the technical...

1 12/03/2009 Jakobs Regulation European Refrigeration market CholodExpo Rossija 2009

The technical regulation of the refrigeration market in

Europe

Dr.- Ing. Rainer M. Jakobs

DMJ Consulting Breuberg, GermanyBoard Member of the German Society

of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning DKV e.V.


Environmental challenges Global policies

Energy facts in Europe EU policies

The European legislation landscape

Conclusion

Agenda


Ozone Depletion: 1987 Montreal Protocol: Phase Out CFC, HCFC HFC, Natural Fluids

Sustainability:1992 Rio Conference

based on 1972 Report Club of Rome “Limits to Growth” 1987 Report Brundtland “Environment and

Development” established in its Agenda 21” and

in the “Climate Convention”

the request for a sustainable development and Eco-Efficiency

Sustainable Development means a permanent improvement of quality of mankind within the possibilities of natural environment.

Global Warming1997 Kyoto Protocol: HFC (Refrigerant) and

CO2 (Energy) Emission Control

Environmental Challenges


Global Policies

The ozone hole

1987: Montreal Protocol phase out ozone depleting substances

1997: Kyoto protocol & post Kyoto agreements

control of greenhouse gas emissions

concern on high GWP refrigerants

Opportunities for heat pumps

Global warmingKyoto: -5% greenhouse gas emission by 2012 Post Kyoto: -25% to -40% by 2020


Total Warming Impact

Heat sink

Primary energyfrom non-renewable and

renewable sourcesEnd energy

Heat source


Energy consumption in Europe

41%28%

31%

Transport

Space Heating

Hot Water

41%

28%

31%

Buildings

Industry

50-60%

10-25%

50-60%

10-25%

Space Heating

Hot WaterComfort Cooling

2015

SpaceHeating

50-60%

10-25%Hot Water

Others 20%20%

Others

3%

Buildings

Source: Eurostat 2004

20%

61%19%

CO2 equivalent emissions (%)[EU 25 : 2003]

Non Energy

TransportEnergy for

Energy

80% of CO2 eq. emissions is by energy consumption

Energy Consumption (Primary Energy)

Buildings consume > 40% of EU energy

50-60 % is used for cooling and heating

Share of cooling may increase in future


Drivers for using less energy andEU policies

ENERGY

EconomyGlobal

Warming

Security of supply

20 % less primary energy use compared by 2020

20 % share of Renewable Energy sources by 2020

20 % less CO2 equiv. by 2020


EU policies 20-20-20-2020

41%

31%Space Heating

Hot Water

41%

31%

50-60%

10-25%

50-60%

10-25%

Space Heating

Hot Water50-60%

10-25%

3%

Energy Policy for Europe Targets by 2020 20% increase in energy efficiency

20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020

20% share of renewables in overall energy consumption 10% biofuel component in vehicle fuel by 2020


EU Energy mix & detail of Renewable Energy sources (RES)

The target : 20% RES by 2020 is 3 times higher compared to 2005 drastic improvement is required


Utilization of renewable energy sources

Heat Pump


Contribution to EU targets

Heat pumps installed in single family houses alone can contribute to the 20/20/20 % EU-targets by 2020

to approximately 20 % to…. - reduce primary energy consumption

- reduce greenhouse gas emissions

- increase the share of renewables.

EU policy for 2020 concerning…

EU target potential of heat pumps

HP-share of EU targets

Primary energy - 20% -902 TWh 20.6 %

Renewable energy 20% 774 TWh 22 %

Greenhouse gas - 20% -230 Mto 21.5 %

Source: European Heat Pump Action Plan- Without regarding the potential for heat pump use in public and commercial sectors- Without regarding the potential for cooling and air conditioning


The European legislation landscape

SPF

Heat source

RES

EPBEuP

Renewable energies

Energy Statistics

Heat pumping systemsRefr. AC HP

Building

Heating system

Renewable electricity production

Eco labelling

F-Gas

COP

RoHS

WEEE

SCOP

Regulations DirectivesLabels


Energy saving policies 1

Building construction

Selection HVAC & Refr

Installation HVAC & Refr

Manufacturing HVAC & Refr

Minimize need for cooling & heating

Focus on energy efficient solutions

Regular energy inspection of installations

Increase Energy efficiency of equipment

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

• Energy Labelling

• Ecodesign directive

European Ecolabel


Energy saving policies 2

Energy labelling : push industry & pull customers towards more efficient products by ranking them (mandatory)

Also for buildings (EPBD)

Ecodesign for Energy using products : push industry towards more efficient products by banning less efficient products from the market

(mandatory – now under preparation)

European ecolabel : pull customers towards the most environmentally friendly equipment (voluntary programme)


The European Ecolabel, also known as 'The Flower' is…

an official environmental label for products and services established by the EU Commission in 1992 in cooperation with national member states.

used by more than 300 licenced companies on more than 2000 products

The EU Eco-label guarantees that the awarded products meet EU-wide valid strong environmental criteria

Compliance is checked during a certification procedure led by a national Competent Body.

What is the European Eco-label?


Minimum efficiency requirements

Minimum efficiency requirements

effi

cien

cy

LOW

HIGH

BAN

What is EUP?

EUP = Ecodesign Requirements for Energy Using Products


PREPARATORY STUDIES:PREPARATORY STUDIES:

1. Boilers (HP)1. Boilers (HP)

2. Waterheaters (HP)2. Waterheaters (HP)

3. PC3. PC

4. copiers4. copiers

5. TV, …5. TV, …

6. Stand by loss6. Stand by loss

7. Battery charger7. Battery charger

10.Airconditioner<12kW10.Airconditioner<12kW

11. Motors, fans,.. 11. Motors, fans,..

12. Comm. Refriger.12. Comm. Refriger.

13. Dom. Refriger.13. Dom. Refriger.

14. dishwashers14. dishwashers

15. Fossil fuel burner15. Fossil fuel burner

16. Laundry driers16. Laundry driers

17. Vacuum cleaners17. Vacuum cleaners

18. Set top boxes18. Set top boxes

19. Domestic lighting19. Domestic lighting

20. Local room heating prod.20. Local room heating prod.

21. Central heat. prod hot air21. Central heat. prod hot air

New studies; Also expected are:Refrigeration & airconditionersFINAL RESULT = regulation for each product groupFINAL RESULT = regulation for each product group

Framework directive 2005/32/ECFramework directive 2005/32/EC

8. Office lights8. Office lights

9. Street lights9. Street lights

22. ovens22. ovens

23. Hobs & grills23. Hobs & grills

24. prof.washing machines, dryers, dishwashers24. prof.washing machines, dryers, dishwashers

25. Non tertiary coffee mach.25. Non tertiary coffee mach.

26. Networked stand by loss26. Networked stand by loss

27. dom. Uninterr. Power sup.27. dom. Uninterr. Power sup.


Importance of the study

Product definition, standards & legislation Product definition, standards & legislation

Economics & market

Economics & market

Technical analysis-existing

technology

Technical analysis-existing

technology

Consumer & infrastructure

Consumer & infrastructure

definition of basecase (representative model of the market) definition of basecase (representative model of the market)

Technical analysis of BAT Technical analysis of BAT Improvement potential Improvement potential

Policy report, impact & sensitivity analysis Policy report, impact & sensitivity analysis

BAT: best available technology


Estimated timeline* for each study

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1. Boilers (HP)2. Waterheaters (HP)

10. Air conditioners<12kW

6. Stand by losses

11. Fans

12. Refrigeration

New workplan

StudyConsultation forum

Committee vote

ImplementationPublicationAdoption Parliament

*Based on different information


EuP Ecodesign Requirements for Energy Using Products

Tendencies :

• Europe aims to be top runner in the world

• standardise method for LCCA + LCA

• air conditioning, ventilation and refrigeration are priority product groups

• main focus on energy efficiency improvements

• energy labeling (ELD) will be reviewed based on results of EUP study

Opportunities :

• better evaluation of BAT, e.g. inverter

• competitive advantage for energy efficient products


Present energy label

Present energy label

LOT 10 - proposalLOT 10 - proposal

EUP – lot 10 – Airconditioner <12kW

Heating only products

Heating only products

Reversible products

Reversible products

*SEER= seasonal energy efficiency ratio (cooling performance)*SCOP= seasonal coefficient of performance (heating performance)*APF = annual performance factor (combining cooling & heating)

Cooling only products

Cooling only products

SEERSEER

APFAPF

SCOPSCOPEEREER

COPCOP

Includes stand by & off mode

FULL LOAD PART LOAD


Objective of Ecolabel is different from Ecodesign / EuP !

e.g. Heat pump market

Ecolabel

= Award for top market

= Voluntary

Env

ironm

enta

l per

form

ance

low

high Ecodesign

= Setting the minimum environmental requirements for CE marking

= Mandatory

Product ban

Is there a relation between Ecolabel and Ecodesign / EuP ?


EPBD Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Perfomance of Buildings (EPBD)

Tendencies :

• better insulated buildings result in reduced demand for cooling&heating

• regular inspection > 12 kW : increase service cost, less running costs

• Energy label buildings : air conditioning negative, heat pump positive evaluation. Need for part load data – SEER/SCOP

• very national approach

Opportunities :

• Service business / building energy management

• Competitive advantage for energy efficient cooling,

heating & ventilation

• Opportunity for heat pump sales

’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ‘11

WEEE

RoHS

ODS

F-Gas

ELD

EuP

EPBD

REACH

ECOLabel

Batteries

Packaging

Dir.(2002/95/EC) Restriction of Hazardous Substances

Dir. (2002/91/EC) energyPerformance of buildings

Reg. (842/2006/EC) certainFluorinated gases

Framew. Dir. Registration ,evaluation and authorisation of chemicalseco-label award for heat pump systems

Dir. (2006/66/EC) batteries and accumulators

Framew. Dir. (2005/32/EC) ecodesign for energy using productsDir. (2002/31/EC) on energyLabelling of household air conditioners

Reg.(2037/2000/EC) Ozone layer depleting Substances

Dir.(94//62/EC) packaging and packaging waste

EU Agency set up

Dir. (2002/96/EC) waste electrical & electronic equip.

Framework Directive Product groups

Preparation Enforcement Review


WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment

Tendencies :

• For the moment there is no common scope in Europe. Most countries exclude “fixed installations” from the scope but some countries include such as Italy, Portugal, Greece and Malta. Netherlands is reconsidering. The tendency is to include the parts of fixed installations in the scope.

• As the replacement market is still relative small, the amount of airconditioners to recycle is small but will increase .

• The F-gas regulation influences the recycling process.

Opportunities :

• open & competitive market for waste treatment will reduce costs. Easy recycling products and recycling knowledge will create the most competitive recycling scheme.

• improve refrigerant recovery in view of F-gas regulation


RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances

Tendencies :

• RoHS directive is spreading to other areas, e.g. China. More and more manufacturers extend the scope on voluntary basis.

• European customer is very sensitive for hazardous substances.

• if WEEE scope is reviewed, RoHS scope will follow

• exemptions will be reviewed on regular base

Opportunities :

• Cost reduction of RoHS parts because of increasing demand on wider scale

• Voluntary implementation on products “out of scope” helps to attain eco-labelling & competitive advantage.

•Development of alternatives for todays exemptions

-Lead (Pb)-Cadmium (Cd)-Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)-Mercury (Hg)-Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)-Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)


FOCUS of environmental legislation shifts from production facility and product towards the product use phase and end of life treatment

FOCUS of environmental legislation shifts from production facility and product towards the product use phase and end of life treatment

1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20062005 2010

Exhaust air-treatment, waste water, soil,…

Dangerous substances

Energy labeling

ROHS EUP

WEEE

Energy performance of buildings

F-gasOzone depleting substances Ecolabel

F-gas

F-gas

batteries

batteries

production

product

Product use in total system

End of life treatment

Packaging and Packaging waste

VOC agreement

batteries

Limit of available energy

Tendency European legislation


Conclusion

Provide ecological & energy efficient technologies: - HVAC & R energy efficient solutions

- Contribute with Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery in

Refrigeration applications to the reduction of CO2 emissions - Optimize use of renewable energy sources - Solutions for energy demand control (eg ice or heat storage during night, peak load limitation control)

- Total life cycle optimization, incl. containment of fluorinated greenhouse gases, waste prevention

- Performance improvement of systems during the entire cooling & heating season (incl. part load conditions)The stock of buildings and Refrigeration and Air Conditioning plants are the keys for the reduction of primary energy + CO2 emissions


End

Thank you for your attention


Mobile A/C

MAC Industry Actions

9 December 2008

Washington


MAC Industry Actions9 December 2008

R-1234yf Way forward under SAEPublish detailed findings for public reviewIdentify technology for near-zero refrigerant emissions and high energy efficiency systems -Superior LCCP, reliable systems, safely serviced-Put in place standards that can be referenced in SNAP and/or state approval of R-1234yfCooperate to resolve any problems identified

R-744 Way forward under VDA Publish detailed findings for public reviewReach global agreement with environmental & safety authorities on safe passenger exposure limits, test methods, and assumed interior CO2 baseline(s) Submit vehicle safety mitigation strategy for regulatory reviewPursue SNAP conditional listing to open global markets respecting US EPA judgmentCooperate to resolve any problems identified

1 12/03/2009 jakobsregulation european refrigeration market cholodexpo rossija 2009 the technical...

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