1-12-2008comenius2 1-12-2008comenius3 1-12-2008comenius4 named after the sister of alexander the...

1-12-20081-12-2008 COMENIUSCOMENIUS 22


Named after the sister of Alexander the Great, Thessaloniki, a city of rich history, awaits visitors. Sometimes covered by the dense fog seen in the films of Theodoros Angelopoulos and sometimes swept by the strong Vardaris wind, usually sunlit and warm, it always remains ready to show you thousands of faces: the ancient heritage, the Roman traits, the Byzantine buildings, the influence of the Balkans and the Mediterranean touch.


316 BC Hellenistic era. The city is established by King KassanderAlexander’s Statue, Archaeological Museum, Vergina, 168 BC Thessaloniki becomes capital of the Roman prefecture of MacedoniaRoman Forum, Galerian Complex303-1430 Byzantine EraByzantine Museum, City Walls, Christian Churches1430-1912 Ottoman Occupation: a city of three religionsBezesteni, Turkish Baths1912: Liberation under Prime Minister Eleftherios VenizelosStatue of Venizelos1914 First World War (by the side of Entente)Harbor (served the Allies in the war)1917 ‘Fire of the Century’Aristotelus square (Ernest Ebrar) 1923 Treaty of Lausanne decides exchange of populations between Turkey and Greece. The face of the city changesLadadika

The Most Important stages in The Most Important stages in Thessaloniki’s HistoryThessaloniki’s History


1925 Establishment of HELEXPOZoggolopoulos Statue, Varotsos Statue1926 Establishment of Aristotelean University of GreeceCampus1936 The strike of the tobacco factory workers inspires revolutionaries and artistsStatue of tobacco factory worker1941 The city surrenders to GermanyYenti Koule (site of executions)1943 Thousands of Jews are exterminated. The city changes yet again.Jewish Museum1944 Thessaloniki liberated by ELAS 1946-49 Civil War1963 Assassination of Member of Parliament and supporter of peace Gregory LambrakisLambrakis Monument1967-74 Dictatorship1978 EarthquakeCity Center1997 Thessaloniki becomes cultural capital of Europe Concert Hall, Umbrella’s Monument, State Museum of Contemporary Art


The city was founded around 315 BC by the King Cassander of Macedon, on or near the site of the ancient town of Therma and twenty-six other local villages. He named it after his wife Thessalonike, a half-sister of Alexander the Great (Thessalo-nikē means the "victory of Thessalians").

Hellenistic era.Hellenistic era. (2.000 (2.000 BB..CC.-1.-1668 8 BB..CC..))


Archaeological MuseumArchaeological Museum


The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire (148 (148 B.CB.C.-313 .-313 A.C.)A.C.)

It was an autonomous part of the Kingdom of Macedon. After the fall of the kingdom of Macedon in 168 BC, Thessalonica became a city of the Roman Republic. It grew to be an important trade-hub located on the Via Egnatia and facilitating trade between Europe and Asia. The city became the capital of one of the four Roman districts of Macedonia.


RotundaRotunda

1-12-20081-12-2008 COMENIUSCOMENIUS 1111Galerius ArchGalerius Arch


Galerius’ PalaceGalerius’ Palace


Roman ForumRoman Forum


When in 379 the Roman Prefecture of Illyricum was divided between East and West Roman Empires, Thessaloníki became the capital of the new Prefecture of Illyricum. The economic expansion of the city continued through the twelfth century as the rule of the Komnenoi emperors expanded Byzantine control to the north. Thessaloniki passed out of Byzantine hands in 1204, when Constantinople was captured by the Fourth Crusade. Thessaloníki and its surrounding territory—the Kingdom of Thessalonica—became the largest fief of the Latin Empire. The city was recovered by the Byzantine Empire in 1246 sold it in 1423 to Venice, which held the city until it was captured by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II on 29 March, 1430

Byzantine EraByzantine Era (313-1430) (313-1430)


City Walls


Byzantine MuseumByzantine Museum


Temple of St SophiaTemple of St Sophia


Panayia Chalkeon Panayia Chalkeon (Our Lady of Copper)(Our Lady of Copper)


St DemetriusSt Demetrius


Ottoman OccupationOttoman Occupation (1430-1912)(1430-1912)


When Thessaloniki fell to the Ottoman hands in 1430 it was a damaged, empty city. Efforts were made for it to continue as an important commercial port, as it was during the Byzantine empire. The surviving monuments give a complete picture of the historical period of 500 years of the city that followed the Byzantine period. The older building that survives from this period is the Bei Hamam, known as bathrooms «Paradise». Located in the Egnatia highway towards Our Lady of Copper (Panayia Chalkeon). The Bezesteni was built 25 years later. It was place of transactions, negotiations, storage of valuable goods and trade


Turkish Baths Turkish Baths «Paradise». «Paradise».


BezesteniBezesteni


History of Contemporary History of Contemporary ThessalonikiThessaloniki (1912 (1912 -Today-Today))


1912: Liberation under Prime 1912: Liberation under Prime Minister Eleftherios VenizelosMinister Eleftherios Venizelos


1914 First World War (by the side of 1914 First World War (by the side of Entente)Entente)

COMENIUSCOMENIUS 27271-12-20081-12-2008

1917 ‘Fire of the Century’1917 ‘Fire of the Century’

Most of the old town was destroyed by a single fire on 18 Most of the old town was destroyed by a single fire on 18 August 1917, which was accidentally sparked by French August 1917, which was accidentally sparked by French

soldiers in encampments at the city. soldiers in encampments at the city.


Aristotelus SquareAristotelus Square


1923 Treaty of Lausanne decides 1923 Treaty of Lausanne decides exchange of populations between exchange of populations between Turkey and Greece. The face of the Turkey and Greece. The face of the city changescity changes


LadadikaLadadika


1925 Establishment of 1925 Establishment of HELEXPOHELEXPO


1926 Establishment of Aristotelean 1926 Establishment of Aristotelean University of GreeceUniversity of Greece


1936 The strike of the tobacco factory workers inspires revolutionaries and

artists


Monument of tobacco factory workerMonument of tobacco factory worker


1941 1941 The city surrenders to The city surrenders to GermanyGermany

Thessaloniki fell to the forces of Nazi Germany on April Thessaloniki fell to the forces of Nazi Germany on April 22, 1941, and remained under German occupation until 22, 1941, and remained under German occupation until

30 October, 1944. 30 October, 1944.


Yenti Koule – Place of execution for freedom fighters during the German Occupation


The upper CityThe upper City(Ano poli)(Ano poli)


1943 1943 Thousands of Jews are Thousands of Jews are exterminatedexterminated. . The city changes yet The city changes yet

again.again.


Jewish MonumentJewish Monument


1963 Assassination of Member of 1963 Assassination of Member of Parliament and supporter of peace Parliament and supporter of peace

Gregory LambrakisGregory Lambrakis


Lambrakis MonumentLambrakis Monument


On 20 June, 1978, the city was hit by a powerful earthquake, registering a On 20 June, 1978, the city was hit by a powerful earthquake, registering a moment magnitude of 6.5. The tremor caused considerable damage to moment magnitude of 6.5. The tremor caused considerable damage to several buildings and even to some of the city's Byzantine monuments; several buildings and even to some of the city's Byzantine monuments; forty people were crushed to death when an entire apartment block forty people were crushed to death when an entire apartment block collapsed in the central Hippodromio district collapsed in the central Hippodromio district


1997 Thessaloniki becomes cultural 1997 Thessaloniki becomes cultural capital of Europecapital of Europe


State Museum of Contemporary ArtState Museum of Contemporary Art

Concert Hall Umbrella’s MonumentConcert Hall Umbrella’s Monument


ThessalonikiThessalonikiCity of City of thousands of faces

1-12-2008comenius2 1-12-2008comenius3 1-12-2008comenius4 named after the sister of alexander the...

Documents