07/02/03 1 ARB Exhaust Emissions Tier 3 Small Off-Road Engine Workshop July 2, 2003 EMA / OPEI Engine Manufacturers Association / Outdoor Power Equipment Institute Clean Air Act Committee 07/02/032 ARB Exhaust Emissions Tier 3 Current production systems -- what do they achieve? Southwest Research test program -- what does it demonstrate? ARBs current proposal -- what will it require for the air-cooled engine? 07/02/033 Small Off-Road Engine -Production Catalyst Systems International Catalyst System B&S 20-30% HC+NOx Efficiency at 0 hrs 7-10% HC+NOx Efficiency at 125 hrs Marginal CO Conversion 07/02/034 5 Small Off-Road Engine -Production Catalyst Systems Tecumseh TVM in 3 Vertical L-Head 15% HC+NOx Efficiency at 0 Hours Tecumseh H in 3 Horizontal L-Head 29% HC+NOx Efficiency at 0 Hours 07/02/036 Southwest Research Test Program Six engines equipped with high-load three-way converters Three engines equipped with non- integral systems Exhaust emissions and temperatures measured at 0 hours and after test stand operation No noise abatement or measurement 07/02/037 8 SwRIs Catalyst System 07/02/039 Muffler Skin Temperatures 07/02/0310 Temperature Measurements at SwRI Temperature measurements at SwRI are incomplete Temperature measurements at Briggs & Stratton indicate temperatures at 1150 F, not 770 F Southwest Research should conduct additional temperature measurements 07/02/0311 SwRI Honda GCV160 07/02/0312 07/02/0313 SwRI Honda GCV160 07/02/0314 SwRI Honda GCV160 07/02/0315 Conclusions -- SwRI Test Program High-load catalysts will require additional thermal management More hardware More horsepower Other requirements related to after-treatment: Noise: new, larger mufflers Lean fueling: accelerator pumps, auto-choke and warm-up feature New base engine for walk-behind market in California New packaging/envelope challenges for equipment manufacturers 07/02/0316 Preliminary and Partial Cost Estimates Approximately $60 for exhaust only (does not include evap) Cost estimates do not include: Warranty, testing or R&D OEM assembly and other costs 07/02/0317 Summary Can small engines achieve high conversion efficiency in the laboratory? Yes, but 07/02/0318 Summary Production for California will require complex changes at higher costs: Three-way high-load converters Noise and thermal management Major fuel system changes New, larger base engine New packaging solutions