07-electrical and electronics engg
TRANSCRIPT
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Syllabi for Pre.PhD/Pre M.Phil/ Pre MS. W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING[SPECILISATION CODE: 07]
PAPER-I
(Choose Any ONE Subject)
SL.NO SUBJECT NAME SUBJECTCODE
1. ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS R507012. ANALYSIS OF POWER ELECTRONIC
CONVERTERSR50702
3. DIELECTRICS AND INSULATION
ENGINEERING
R50703
4. ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS R507045. ENERGY CONVERSATION SYSTEMS R507056. HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING R507067. HVDC TRANSMISSION R507078. MACHINE MODELING AND ANALYSIS R507089. PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN HIGH VOLTAGE
EQUIPMENTR50709
10. POWER ELECTRONICS CONTROL DC DRIVES R5071011. POWER QUALITY R50711
12. POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL R5071213. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONSR50713
14. RELIABILITY ENGINEERING R5071415. VOLTAGE STABILITY R50715
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING[SPECILISATION CODE: 07]
PAPER-II
(Choose Any ONE Subject)
SL.NO SUBJECT NAME SUBJECTCODE
1 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING R507512 ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION R507523 COLLISION PHENOMENA AND PLASMA
ELECTRONICSR50753
4 DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS R507545 EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION R507556 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS R50756
7 HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING TECHNIQUES R507578 MICROPROCESSORS AND
MICROCONTROLLERSR50758
9 MODERN POWER ELECTRONICS R5075910 NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY SYSTEMS R5076011 POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF AC
DRIVESR50761
12 POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND STABILITY R5076213 POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY R5076314 REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION AND
MANAGEMENTR50764
15 SPECIAL MACHINES AND CONTROL R50765
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Subject Code: R50701
ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Unit I
Control System Design by the root locus method-lead, lag and lag-lead compensation,
PI, PD, PID Controllers design procedures and examples.
Unit IIControl System Design by frequency response approach-lead, lag lag-lead
compensation, PI, PD, PID Controllers design procedures and examples.
Unit III: Eigen value and Eigen vector sensitivities in linear systems theory:
Continuous time systems: Introduction, first order Eigen value sensitivities, first
order Eigen vector sensitivities, second order Eigen value sensitivities, second order
Eigen vector sensitivities
Unit IV: Mode Controllability matrix:
Distinct Eigen values, confluent Eigen values associated with a single Jordan block,
confluent Eigen values associated with a number of distinct Jordan blocks, confluent
Eigen values associated with a number of non- distinct Jordan blocks
Unit V: Mode Controllability structure of multivariable linear systems:
Introduction, Distinct eigen values, confluent eigen values associated with single
Jordan block, confluent eigen values associated with a number of distinct Jordan
blocks
Unit VI: Mode observability matrices:
Distinct Eigen values, confluent Eigen values, mode observability structure of multi
variable linear system: Introduction, Distinct Eigen values, confluent Eigen values
Unit VII:Non linear systems:
Common physical non-linearities; the phase-plane method-basic concepts, singular
points, construction of phase trajectories-Isocline and Delta methods. Describing
function-basic concept-derivation of describing functions-stability analysis by
describing function method.
Unit VIII:Lyapunov stability analysis:
Second method of Lyapunov, stability in the sense of Lyapunov, construction of
Lyapunov function-
Krasovskiis and variable gradient methods. Lyapunov stability analysis of linear
time-invariant systems.
Reference Books:1. Modern Control Engineering - K.Ogata PHI - 3rd
edition.
2. Control Systems Engineering I.J.Nagrath, M.Gopal New Age International -
3rd edition.
3. Control Systems N.K.Sinha - New Age International - 3rd
edition,
4. Automatic Control Systems B.C.Kuo PHI 7th
edition.
5. Modern Control Systems HSU & MEYER
6. Modal control theory and applications Brian porter& Roger crossley
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Subject Code:R50702
ANALYSIS OF POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS
Unit I Single Phase AC Voltage Controllers.
Single phase AC voltage controllers with Resistive, Resistive-inductive and Resistive-
inductive-induced e.m.f. loads ac voltage controllers with PWM Control Effects
of source and load inductances - Synchronous tap changers- Applications -
numerical problems.
Unit II Three Phase AC Voltage Controllers
phase AC voltage controllers Analysis of controllers with star and delta Connected
Resistive, Resistive-inductive loads Effects of source and load Inductances
applications numerical problems.
Unit III Cycloconverters
Single phase to single phase cycloconverters analysis of midpoint and bridge
Configurations Three phase to three phase cycloconverters analysis of Midpoint
and bridge configurations Limitations Advantages Applications - numerical
problems.
Unit IV Single Phase Converters.
Single phase converters Half controlled and Fully controlled converters Evaluationof input power factor and harmonic factor continuous and Discontinuous load
current single phase dual converters power factor Improvements Extinction
angle control symmetrical angle control PWM single phase sinusoidal PWM
single phase series converters Applications - Numerical problems.
Unit V Three Phase Converters.
Three phase converters Half controlled and fully controlled converters Evaluation
of input power factor and harmonic factor continuous and Discontinuous load
current three phase dual converters power factor Improvements three phase
PWM - twelve pulse converters applications Numerical problems.
Unit VI D.C. to D.C. Converters.
Analysis of step-down and step-up dc to dc converters with resistive and Resistive-inductive loads Switched mode regulators Analysis of Buck Regulators - Boost
regulators buck and boost regulators Cuk regulators Condition for continuous
inductor current and capacitor voltage comparison of regulators Multiouput boost
converters advantages applications Numerical problems.
Unit VII Pulse Width Modulated Inverters(single phase).
Principle of operation performance parameters single phase bridge inverter
evaluation of output voltage and current with resistive, inductive and Capacitive loads
Voltage control of single phase inverters single PWM Multiple PWM
sinusoidal PWM modified PWM phase displacement Control Advanced
modulation techniques for improved performance Trapezoidal, staircase, stepped,
harmonic injection and delta modulation Advantage application numericalproblems.
Unit VIII Pulse Width Modulated Inverters(three phase).
Three phase inverters analysis of 180 degree condition for output voltage and
current with resistive, inductive loads analysis of 120 degree Conduction voltage
control of three phase inverters sinusoidal PWM Third Harmonic PWM 60
degree PWM space vector modulation Comparison of PWM techniques
harmonic reductions Current Source Inverter variable d.c. link inverter boost
inverter buck and boost inverter - inverter circuit design advantages applications
numerical problems.
Textbooks:
1. Power Electronics Mohammed H. Rashid Pearson Education Third Edition First Indianreprint 2004.
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Syllabi for Pre.PhD/Pre M.Phil/ Pre MS. W.e.f. 2005-2006 Batch2. Power Electronics Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins John Wiley
AND Sons Second Edition
.
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Subject Code:R50703
DIELECTRICS AND INSULATION ENGINEERING
Unit 1 : Dielectrics and insulating Materials : Review of Dielectric Phenomenon :
Complex permittivity Polarisation Relaxation and resonant models. Solid, Liquid
and Gaseous insulating materials.
Unit 2 : Physical Thermal & Electrical properties-Classification of Insulating
Materials.
Solid Materials : Organic Fiber materials Ceramics & Synthetic polymers and their
applications.
Unit 3 : Liquid insulating Materials : Insulating oils, their properties and applications.
Gaseous Insulating Materials : Air and SF6 applications in electrical apparatus.
Unit 4 : Breakdown phenomenon in gaseous and vacuum insulation : Insulation and
decay processes-transition from self sustained discharges to breakdown.
Unit 5 : Townsend and streamer discharge paschens law penning effect-Time lags-
Surge breakdown voltage.
Unit 6 : Breakdown in non uniform fields-Vacuum insulation and vacuum
breakdown.
Unit 7 : Breakdown Phenomenon in Liquid and Solid insulation : pure and
commercial liquids-suspended particle and bubble theories-stressed oil volume
theory.
Unit 8 : Breakdown in solid insulation Intrinsic breakdown-Treeing and tracking
phenomenon-Thermal breakdown-Breakdown in composite dielectrics.
Reference Books :
1. High Voltage Engineering by E.Kuffel and W.S.Zaenal Pergamon press,
Oxford, 1984.
2. High Voltage Engineering - by M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju, Tata Mc Graw-
Hill Book Co., New Delhi, 2nd
edition, 1995.
3. Electrical Engineering Materilas B. Tareev, M.I.R. Publications, Moscow.
4. Physics of Dielectrics - B. Tareev, M.I.R. Publications, Moscow.
5.High Voltage Technology LL Alston, Oxford University Press 1968.
Subject Code:R50704
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
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Unit 1 : General : Introduction to Distribution system, an overview of the role of
computers in distribution system planning-Load modeling and characteristics:
definition of basic terms like demand factor, utilization factor, load factor, plant
factor, diversity factor, coincidence factor, contribution factor and loss factor-
Relationship between the load factor and loss factor - Classification of loads
(Residential, Commercial, Agricultural and Industrial) and their characteristics.
Unit 2 : Distribution Feeders and Substations : Design consideration of Distribution
feeders: Radial and loop types of primary feeders, voltage levels, feeder-loading.
Unit 3 : Design practice of the secondary distribution system.
Location of Substations : Rating of a Distribution Substation, service area with
primary feeders. Benefits derived through optimal location of substations.
Unit 4 : System analysis : Voltage drop and power loss calculations : Derivation for
volt-drop and power loss in lines, manual methods of solution for radial networks,
three-phase balanced primary lines, non-three-phase primary lines.
Unit 5 : Protective devices and coordination : Objectives of distribution system
protection, types of common faults and procedure for fault calculation.
Unit 6 : Protective Devices: Principle of operation of fuses, circuit reclosers, line
sectionalizer and circuit breakers. Coordination of protective devices : General
coordination procedure.
Unit 7 : Capacitive compensation for power factor control: Different types of power
capacitors, shunt and series capacitors, effect of shunt capacitors (Fixed and
switched) power factor correction, capacitor location. Economic justification.
Procedure to determine the best capacitor location.
Unit 8 : Voltage control : Equipment for voltage control, effect of series capacitors,
effect of AVB/AVR, line drop compensation.
Text Books :
1. Electric Power Distribution System Engineering by Turan Gonen,
Mc.Graw-Hill Book Company,1986.
2. Electric Power Distribution-by A.S.Pabla, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing
Company, 4th
edition, 1997.
Subject Code:R50705
ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMSUnit 1:
Photo voltaic power generation ,spectral distribution of energy in solar radiation, solar
cell configurations, voltage developed by solar cell, photo current and load current,
practical solar cell performance, commercial photo voltaic systems, test
specifications for pv systems, applications of super conducting materials in electrical
equipment systems.,
Unit 2:
Principles of MHD power generation, ideal MHD generator performance, practical
MHD generator, MHD technology.
Unit 3:
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Wind Energy conversion: Power from wind, properties of air and wind, types of wind
Turbines, operating characteristics.
Unit 4:
Tides and tidal power stations, modes of operation , tidal project examples, turbines
and generators for tidal power generation. Wave energy conversion: properties of
waves and power content, vertex motion of Waves, device applications. Types of
ocean thermal energy conversion systems Application of OTEC systems examples,
Unit 5:Miscellaneous energy conversion systems: coal gasification and liquefaction, biomass
conversion, geothermal energy, thermo electric energy conversion, principles of EMF
generation, description of fuel cells
Unit 6:
Co-generation and energy storage, combined cycle co-generation, energy storage.
Global energy position and environmental effects: energy units, global energy
position..
Unit 7:
Types of fuel cells, H2-O2 Fuel cells, Application of fuel cells Batteries, Description
of batteries, Battery application for large power.Unit 8:
Environmental effects of energy conversion systems, pollution from coal and
preventive measures steam stations and pollution, pollution free energy systems.
TEXT BOOKS
Energy conversion systems by Rakosh das Begamudre, New age international
publishers, New Delhi - 2000.
Renewable Energy Resources by John Twidell and Tony Weir, 2nd
edition, Fspon
AND Co
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Subject Code:R50706
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
Unit 1: Electrostatic fields and field stress control :
Electric fields in homogeneous Isotropic materials and in multi dielectric media
Simple configurations field stress control. Methods of computing electrostatic
fields conductive analogues - Impedance networks Numerical techniques finite
difference method finite element method and charge simulation method.
Generation of High voltages and Currents :
Unit 2: Direct Voltages : AC to DC conversion methods electrostatic generators
Cascaded Voltage Multipliers, Alternating Voltages : Testing transformers
Resonant circuits and their applications.
Unit 3: Impulse Voltages : Impulse voltage specifications Impulse generation
circuits Operation, construction and design of Impulse generators.
Unit 4 :Generation of switching and long duration impulses. Impulse Currents
: Generation of High impulse currents and high current pulses.
Measurement of High Voltages :
Unit 5 : Measurement of High D.C. Voltages : Series resistance meters, voltage
dividers and generating voltmeters.
Measurement of High A.C. Voltages : Series impedance meters, electrostatic
voltmeters, potential transformers and CVTS voltage dividers and their
applications.
Unit 6 :Measurement of Peak Voltages : Sphere gaps, uniform field gaps, rod gaps.
Chubbs Fortesuere methods. Passive and active rectifier circuits for voltage
dividers.
Unit 7:Measurement of Impulse Voltage : Voltage dividers and impulse measuringsystems generalised voltage measuring circuits transfer characteristics of
measuring circuits L.V. Arms for voltage dividers compensated dividers.
Unit 8 :Measurement of Impulse Currents : Resistive shunts current
transformers Hall Generators and Faraday generators and their applications
Impulse Oscilloscopes.
Text Books:
1. High Voltage engineering E Kuffel and W.S.Zaengl. Pergamon press, Canada
Ltd., ` 1984.
2. High voltage engineering M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju, Tata Mcgraw Hill
Book Co.,New Delhi, 3nd
edition 2004.
Reference Books :
1. High voltage technology LL Alston Oxford University press 1968
2. High voltage Measuring Techniques A Schwab MIT press Cambridge USA
1972.
Subject Code:R50707
HIGH VOLTAGE D.C. TRANSMISSION
Unit 1 :
H.V.D.C. Transmission : General considerations, Power Handling Capabilities ofHVDC Lines, Basic Conversion principles, static converter configuration.
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Unit 2 :
Static Power Converters : 3-pulse, 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters, converter station
and Terminal equipment, commutation process, Rectifier and inverter operation,
equivalent circuit for converter special features of converter transformers.
Unit 3 :
Harmonics in HVDC Systems, Harmonic elimination, AC and DC filters.
Unit 4 :
Control of HVDC Converters and systems : constant current, constant extinctionangle and constant Ignition angle control. Individual phase control and equidistant
firing angle control, DC power flow control.
Unit 5 :
Interaction between HV AC and DC systems Voltage interaction, Harmonic
instability problems and DC power modulation.
Unit 6 :
Multi-terminal DC links and systems; series, parallel and series parallel systems, their
operation and control.
Unit 7 :Transient over voltages in HVDC systems : Over voltages due to disturbances on DC
side, over voltages due to DC and AC side line faults
Unit 8:
Converter faults and protection in HVDC Systems: Converter faults, over current
protection - valve group, and DC line protection. Over voltage protection of
converters, surge arresters.
Reference Books :
1. E.W. Kimbark : Direct current Transmission, Wiely Inter Science
NewYork.
1. J.Arillaga : H.V.D.C.Transmission Peter Peregrinus ltd., London UK 1983
2. K.R.Padiyar : High Voltage Direct current Transmission, Wiely Eastern Ltd.,
New Delhi 1992.
3. E.Uhlman : Power Transmission by Direct Current, Springer Verlag, Berlin
Helberg 1985.
Subject Code:R50708
MACHINE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS
Unit 1: Basic Two-pole DC machine - primitive 2-axis machine - Voltage andCurrent relationship - Torque equation
Unit 2: Mathematical model of separately excited DC motor and DC Series motor in
state variable form Transfer function of the motor Numerical problems
Unit 3: Mathematical model of D.C. shunt motor and D.C. Compound motor in state
variable form - Transfer function of the motor Numerical Problems
Unit 4: Linear transformation-Phase transformation (a,b,c to ,,o)-Active
transformation(,,o to d,q)
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Unit 5: Circuit model of a 3 phase Induction motor - Linear transformation - Phase
Transformation - Transformation to a Reference frame - Two axis models for
Induction motor
Unit 6: Voltage and current Equations in stator reference frame - Equation in Rotor
reference frame - Equations in a synchronously rotating frame - Torque equation-
Equations in state-space form
Unit 7: Circuit model of a 3ph Synchronous motor Two axis representation of Syn.
Motor.
Unit 8: Voltage and current Equations in state - space variable form - Torque
equation.
BOOKS :
1. Thyristor control of Electric Drives - Vedam Subramanyam.
2. Analysis of electric machinery and Drive systems - Paul C.Krause , Oleg
wasynezuk, Scott D.Sudhoff
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Subject Code:R50709
PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
Unit 1 : Types of partial discharges and its occurrence and recurrence and
magnitudes : Definition of Partial discharges, inception of internal discharges,
Inception of corona discharges.
Unit 2 : Discharges by electrical treeing. Discharges at AC Voltages, coronadischarges, Discharges at D.C. Voltages discharges at impulse voltages.
Object of discharge detection, Quantities related to the magnitude of discharges,
choice of PD as a measure for discharges.
Unit 3 : Electrical discharge detection & Detection circuits : Basic diagram,
amplification of impulses, sensitivity, resolution, observation. Straight detection.
Unit 4 : Balanced detection, calibrators, Interferences, choice between straight
detection & balance detection, common mode rejection.
Unit 5 : Location of Partial discharges : Non-electric location, location by separation
of electrodes, location with electrical probes.
Unit 6 : location by traveling waves, PD location in cables & switchgear by traveling
waves. Evaluation of discharges : Recognition, mechanisms of deterioration,
evaluation, specification.
Unit 7 : Detection in actual specimen : Detection in capacitors, cables, bushings.
Unit 8 : Transformers, machine insulation, Gas-insulated switchgear.
Reference :
1. Partial Discharges in HV Equipment by F..Kruguer, Butterworths & Co.,
Publications Ltd., 1989.
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Subject Code:R50710
POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF DC DRIVES
UNIT I Controlled Bridge Rectifier (1- ) with DC Motor LoadSeparately excited DC motors with rectified single-phase supply single-phase semi
converter and single phase full converter for continuous and discontinuous modes of
operation power and power factor
UNIT II Controlled Bridge Rectifier (3- ) with DC Motor LoadThree-phase semi converter and Three phase full converter for continuous anddiscontinuous modes of operation power and power factor Addition of Free
wheeling diode Three phase double converter
UNIT-III Three phase naturally commutated bridge circuit as a
rectifier or as an inverter
Three phase controlled bridge rectifier with passive load impedance, resistive load
and ideal supply Highly inductive load and ideal supply for load side and supply
side quantities, shunt capacitor compensation, three phase controlled bridge rectifier
inverter.
UNIT IV Phase controlled DC Motor drives
Three phase controlled converter, control circuit, control modeling of three phaseconverter Steady state analysis of three phase converter control DC motor drive
Two quadrant, Three phase converter controlled DC motor drive DC motor and
load, converter
UNIT V Current and Speed controlled DC Motor drives
Current and speed controllers current and speed feedback Design of controllers
Current and speed controllers Motor equations filter in the sped feed back loop
speed controller current reference generator current controller and flow chart for
simulation Harmonics and associated problems sixth harmonics torque.
UNIT VI Chopper controlled DC motor drives
Principle of operation of the chopper Four- quadrant chopper circuit Chopper forinversion Chopper with other power devices model of the chopper input to the
chopper steady state analysis of chopper controlled DC motor drives rating of the
devices Pulsating torque.
UNIT VII Closed loop operation of DC motor drives
Speed controlled drive system current control loop pulse width modulated current
controller hysterisis current controller modeling of current controller design of
current controller
UNIT VIII Simulation of DC motor drives
Dynamic simulations of the speed controlled DC motor drives Speed feedback
speed controller command current generator current controller.
REFERENCES:1. Power Electronics and motor control Shepherd, Hulley, Liang II Edition, Cambridge
University Press
2. Electric motor drives modeling, Analysis and control R.Krishnan I Edition, Prentice
Hall India
3. Power Electronic circuits, Devices and Applications M.H.Rashid PHI I Edition
1995
4. Fundamentals of Electric Drives G.K. Dubey- Narosa Publications -1995
5. Power Semiconductor drives S.B.Dewan and A.Straughen 1975
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Subject Code:R50711
POWER QUALITYUnit 1: Introduction :
Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problem, Terms used in PQ: Voltage, Sag,
Swell, Surges, Harmonics, over voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations, Transients,
Interruption, overview of power quality phenomenon, Remedies to improve power
quality, power quality monitoring
Unit 2: Long InterruptionsInterruptions Definition Difference between failure, outage, Interruptions causes
of Long Interruptions Origin of Interruptions Limits for the Interruption frequency
Limits for the interruption duration costs of Interruption Overview of Reliability
evaluation to power quality, comparison of observations and reliability evaluation.
Unit 3: Short Interruptions
Short interruptions definition, origin of short interruptions, basic principle, fuse
saving, voltage magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the interruption,
monitoring of short interruptions, difference between medium and low voltage
systems. Multiple events, single phase tripping voltage and current during fault
period, voltage and current at post fault period, stochastic prediction of short
interruptions.
Unit 4: Voltage sag characterization Single phase:
Voltage sag definition, causes of voltage sag, voltage sag magnitude, monitoring,
theoretical calculation of voltage sag magnitude, voltage sag calculation in non-
radial systems, meshed systems, voltage sag duration.
Unit 5:Voltage sag characterization Three phase:
Three phase faults, phase angle jumps, magnitude and phase angle jumps for three
phase unbalanced sags, load influence on voltage sags.
Unit 6: PQ considerations in Industrial Power Systems:
Voltage sag equipment behaviour of Power electronic loads, induction motors,
synchronous motors, computers, consumer electronics, adjustable speed AC drives
and its operation. Mitigation of AC Drives, adjustable speed DC drives and its
operation, mitigation methods of DC drives.
Unit 7: Mitigation of Interruptions and Voltage Sags:
Overview of mitigation methods from fault to trip, reducing the number of faults,
reducing the fault clearing time changing the power system, installing mitigation
equipment, improving equipment immunity, different events and mitigation methods.
System equipment interface voltage source converter, series voltage controller,
shunt controller, combined shunt and series controller.
Unit 8: Power Quality and EMC Standards:
Introduction to standardization, IEC Electromagnetic compatibility standards,
European voltage characteristics standards, PQ surveys.
Reference Book:
1. Understanding Power Quality Problems by Math H J Bollen. IEEE Press.
Subject Code:R50712
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
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Unit 1 : Unit commitment problem : Introductions to UCP, thermal AND Hydral
constraints in Unit commitment : Priority list scheme method, unit commitment
problem solution by priority list scheme method,
Unit 2 : Unit commitment problem solutions by Dynamic programming Approach.
Introduction, advantages of DP method over priority list scheme, Back word DP
approach, forward DP approach algorithm and their flow charts solution UCP using
Dynamic program method.
Unit 3 : Load Frequency Control-I : Necessity of keeping frequency constant.
Definition of control area, single area control, Block diagram representation of an
isolated Power System, Steady State analysis, Dynamic response-Uncontrolled case.
Unit 4 : Proportional plus Integral control of single area and its block diagram
representation, steady state response, load frequency control and Economic dispatch
control.
Unit 5 : Load Frequency Control-II : Load frequency control of 2-area system :
uncontrolled case and controlled case, tie-time bias control.
Unit 6 : Optimal LF control-steady state representation, performance Index and
optimal parameter adjustment.
Unit 7 : Generation with limited Energy supply : Take-or-pay fuel supply contract,
composite generation production cost function. Solution by gradient search
techniques, Hard limits and slack variables, Fuel scheduling by linear programming.
Unit 8 : Interchange Evaluation and Power Pools Economy Interchange, Economy
interchange Evaluation, Interchange Evaluation with unit commitment, Multiple
Interchange contracts. After-the-fact production costing, Transmission Losses in
transaction Evaluation, other types of Interchange, power pools.
Reference Books :
1. Power Generation, Operation and Control - by A.J.Wood and
B.F.Wollenberg,John wiley AND sons Inc. 1984.
2. Electrical Energy Systems Theory - by O.I.Elgerd, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, 2nd
edition.
3. Modern Power System Analysis - by I.J.Nagrath AND D.P.Kothari, Tata Mc
Graw-Hill Publishing Company ltd, 2nd
edition.
Subject Code:R50713
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS
Unit 1:
PLC Basics: PLC system, I/O modules and interfacing, CPU processor, programming
equipment, programming formats, construction of PLC ladder diagrams, devices
connected to I/O modules.
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Unit 2:
PLC Programming: Input instructions, outputs, operational procedures, programming
examples using contacts and coils. Drill press operation.
Unit 3:
Digital logic gates, programming in the Boolean algebra system, conversion
examples. Ladder diagrams for process control: Ladder diagrams and sequence
listings, ladder diagram construction and flow chart for spray process system.
Unit 4:
PLC Registers: Characteristics of Registers, module addressing, holding registers,
input registers, output registers.
Unit 5:
PLC Functions: Timer functions and Industrial applications, counters, counter
function industrial applications, Arithmetic functions, Number comparison functions,
number conversion functions.
Unit 6:
Data Handling functions: SKIP, Master control Relay, Jump, Move, FIFO, FAL,
ONS, CLR and Sweep functions and their applications.
Unit 7:
Bit Pattern and changing a bit shift register, sequence functions and applications,
controlling of two axis and three axis Robots with PLC, Matrix functions.
Unit 8:
Analog PLC operation: Analog modules and systems, Analog signal processing, multi
bit data processing, analog output application examples, PID principles, position
indicator with PID control, PID modules, PID tuning, PID functions.
Reference Books:
1. Programmable Logic Controllers Principle and Applications by John W.Webb and Ronald A. Reiss, Fifth Edition, PHI
2. Programmable Logic Controllers Programming Method and Applications by
JR. Hackworth and F.D Hackworth Jr. Pearson, 2004.
Subject Code:R50714
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING
Unit 1:
Elements of probability theoryProbability distributions : Random variables, density and distribution functions.
Mathematical expectation. Binominal distribution, Poisson distribution, normal
distribution, exponential distribution, Weibull distribution.
Unit 2:
Definition of Reliability. Significance of the terms appearing in the definition.
Component reliability, Hazard rate, derivation of the reliability function in terms of
the hazarad rate. Hazard models.
Unit 3:
Failures: Causes of failures, types of failures ( early failures, chance failures and
wear-out failues). Modes of failure. Bath tub curve. Effect of preventive
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maintenance. Measures of reliability: mean time to failure and mean time between
failures.
Unit 4:
Reliability logic diagrams ( reliability block diagrams)
Classification of engineering systems: series, parallel, series-parallel, parallel-series
and non-series-parallel configurations. Expressions for the reliability of the basic
configurations.
Unit 5:
Reliability evaluation of Non-series-parallel configurations: minimal tie-set, minimal
cut-set and decomposition methods. Deduction of the minimal cutsets from the
minimal pathsets.
Unit 6:
Discrete Markov Chains: General modelling concepts, stochastic transitional
probability matrix, time dependent probability evaluation and limiting state
probability evaluation. Absorbing states.
Unit 7:
Continuous Markov Processes: Modelling concepts, State space diagrams, Stochastic
Transitional Probability Matrix, Evaluating limiting state Probabilities.Reliability evaluation of repairable systems.
Unit 8:
Series systems, parallel systems with two and more than two components, Network
reduction techniques. Minimal cutest / failure mode approach.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems, Roy Billinton and Ronald N
Allan, Plenum Press.
Subject Code:R50715
VOLTAGE STABILITY
Unit 1: Introduction to Voltage Stability
Definitions: Voltage Stability, Voltage Collapse, Voltage Security; Physical relation
indicating dependency of voltage on reactive power flow; Factors affecting Voltage
collapse and instability; Previous cases of voltage collapse incidences.
Unit 2: Graphical Analysis of Voltage Stability
Comparison of Voltage and angular stability of the system; Graphical Methods
describing voltage collapse phenomenon: P-V and Q-V curves; detailed description of
voltage collapse phenomenon with the help of Q-V curves.
Unit 3: Analysis of Voltage Stability
Analysis of voltage stability on SMLB system: Analytical treatment and analysis.
Unit 4: Voltage Stability Indices
Voltage collapse proximity indicator; Determinant of Jacobin as proximity indicators;
Voltage stability margin.
Unit 5: Power System Loads
Loads that influences voltage stability: Discharge lights, Induction Motor, Air-conditioning, heat pumps, electronic power supplies, OH lines and cables.
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Unit 6: Reactive Power Compensation
Generation and Absorption of reactive power; Series and Shunt compensation;
Synchronous condensers, SVC s; OLTC s; Booster Transformers.
Unit 7: Voltage Stability Margin
Stabilty Margin: Compensated and un-comensated systems.
Unit 8: Voltage Security
Definition; Voltage security; Methods to improve voltage stability and its practical
aspects.
Text Books:
1) Performance, operation and control of EHV power transmission system-
A.CHAKRABARTHY, D.P. KOTARI and A.K.MUKOPADYAY,
A.H.Wheeler Publishing, I Edition, 1995.
2) Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control K.R.PADIYAR, II Edition,
B.S.Publications.
Reference:
Power System Voltage Stability- C.W.TAYLOR, Mc Graw Hill, 1994.
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Subject Code:R50751
ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
UNIT-I: Digital Filter Structure
Block diagram representation-Equivalent Structures-FIR and IIR digital filter
Structures All pass Filters-tunable IIR Digital Filters-IIR tapped cascaded Lattice
Structures-FIR cascaded Lattice structures-Parallel-Digital Sine-cosine generator-
Computational complexity of digital filter structures.
UNIT-II: Digital filter design
Preliminary considerations-Bilinear transformation method of IIR filter design-design
of Low pass highpass-Bandpass, and Band stop- IIR digital filters-Spectral
transformations of IIR filters- FIR filter design-based on Windowed Fourier series-
design of FIR digital filters with least mean- Square-error-constrained Least-square
design of FIR digital filters
UNIT-III: DSP algorithm implementation
Computation of the discrete Fourier transform- Number representation-Arithmetic
operations-handling of overflow-Tunable digital filters-function approximation.
UNIT-IV Analysis of finite Word length effectsTheQuantization process and errors- Quantization of fixed -point and floating -point
Numbers-Analysis of coefficient Quantization effects - Analysis of Arithmetic
Round-off errors-Dynamic range scaling-signal- to- noise ratio in Low -order IIR
filters-Low-Sensitivity Digital filters-Reduction of Product round-off errors using
error feedback-Limit cycles in IIR digital filters- Round-off errors in FFT Algorithms.
UNIT V: Power Spectrum Estimation
Estimation of spectra from Finite Duration Observations signals Non-parametric
methods for power spectrum Estimation parametric method for power spectrum
Estimation-Estimation of spectral form-Finite duration observation of signals-Non-parametric methods for power spectrum estimation-Walsh methods-Blackman AND
torchy method.
Reference Books:
1. Digital signal processing-sanjit K. Mitra-TMH second edition
2. Discrete Time Signal Processing Alan V.Oppenheim, Ronald W.Shafer -
PHI-1996 1st
edition-9th
reprint
3. Digital Signal Processing principles, algorithms and Applications John
G.Proakis -PHI 3rd
edition-2002.
4. Digital Signal Processing S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, C. Gnanapriya
TMH - 2nd reprint-2001
5. Theory and Applications of Digital Signal Proceesing-LourensR. Rebinar &
Bernold.
6. Digital Filter Analysis and Design-Auntonian-TMH
Subject Code:R50752
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
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Unit 1:
Primary and back up protection, current transformers for protection, potential
transformer, review of electromagnetic relays static relays.
Unit 2:
Over current relays time current characteristic, current setting time setting,
directional relay, static over current relays.
Unit 3:
Distance protection : impedance, reactance, mho, angle impedance relays. Inputquantities for various types of distance relays, effect of arc resistance on the
performance of distance relays, selection of distance relays. MHO relay with blinders,
quadrilateral relay, elliptical relay. Restricted mho, impedance directional, reactance
relays. Swiveling characteristics.
Unit 4:
Compensation for correct distance measurement, reduction of measuring units
switched schemes. Pilot relaying schemes. Wire pilot protection, circulating current
scheme, balanced voltage scheme, transley scheme , carrier current protection, phase
comparison carrier current protection, carrier aided distance protection.
Unit 5:Digital relaying algorithms, differential equation technique, discrete fourier transform
technique, walsh-hadamard transform technique, rationalized harr transform
technique, removal of dc offset
Unit 6:
Introduction to Microprocessors: review of microprocessors and interfacing. single
chip microcomputers programmable interval timer, A/D converter.
Unit 7:
Microprocessor based protective relays: over current, directional, impedance,
reactance relays. Generalized mathematical expressions for distance relays, mho andoffset mho relays, quadrilateral relay.
Unit 8:
Microprocessor implementation of digital distance relaying algorithms.
Text book
1. Power system protection AND switchgear by Badri ram AND vishwakarma, TMH publication New
Delhi 1995.
2. Power System Protection by Madhava Rao TMH
Reference Books1.Power System by Ravindra Nath and Chandar PHI.
Subject Code:R50753
COLLISION PHENOMENA AND PLASMA ELECTRONICS
Unit 1 :
IONIZATION, DEIONIZATION AND ELECTRON EMISION :Ionization and
plasma conductivity, Production of charged particles, Ionization by cosmic rays,
Thermal ionization. The free path, excited states, metastable states. Diffusion,
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Recombination, Negative ions. Photoelectric emission, Thermionic emission, Field
emission.
Unit 2 :
BEHAVIOUR OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN A GAS IN ELECTRIC FIELDS
OF LOW E/p AND HIGH E/p
Definition and significance of mobility, Forces between ions and molecules,
Diffusion under low fields, Electron drift velocity.
Unit 3 :
What is high E/p?, Coefficient of ionization by electron collision, evaluation of ,
electron avalanche, effect of the cathode, Ionization coefficient in alternating fields.
Unit 4:
THE SELF-SUSTAINING DISCHARGE BREAKDOWN MECHANISMS :
Ionization by positive-ion collision, Cathode processes, space-charge field of an
avalanche, Critical avalanche size, Townsend mechanism and its limitations,
Streamer formation. The transition between the breakdown mechanisms, The effect
of electron attachment.
Unit 5 :
PARTIAL BREAKDOWN AND BREAKDOWN UNDER ALTERNATINGFIELDS : Electron current, positive-ion current, total current, characteristic time,
effect of space charge, Anode coronas, Cathode coronas.
Unit 6 :
Mobility-controlled breakdown, Microwave of diffusion-controlled breakdown, Non-
uniform alternating-field breakdown, Laser breakdown.
Unit 7:
THE GLOW AND PLASMA : General description, The cathode zone, Negative
glow and Faraday dark space, positive column, Anode region, Other effects.
Unit 8 :Definition of plasma, Debye length, scope of known plasmas, Plasma oscillations,
high-temperature plasmas, Plasma diagnostics.
Reference Book :
1. Fundamentals of GASEOUS IONIZATION AND PLASMA ELECTRONICS
by Essam Nasser, John Willey & Sons, Princted in America, 1971
Subject Code: R50754
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
UNIT I SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION
Introduction, sample and hold operations, Sampling theorem, Reconstruction oforiginal sampled signal to continuous-time signal.
THE Z TRANSFORMSIntroduction, Linear difference equations, pulse response, Z transforms, Theoremsof Z Transforms, the inverse Z transforms, Modified Z- Transforms.
UNIT-II Z-PLANE ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE-TIME CONTROLSYSTEMZ-Transform method for solving difference equations; Pulse transforms function,
block diagram analysis of sampled data systems, mapping between s-plane and z-plane: Primary strips and Complementary Strips.
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UNIT III STATE SPACE ANALYSISState Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse Transfer Function Matrixsolving discrete time state space equations, State transition matrix and its Properties,Methods for Computation of State Transition Matrix, Discretization of continuoustime state space equations
UNIT IV CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITYConcepts of Controllability and Observability, Tests for controllability andObservability. Duality between Controllability and Observability, Controllability andObservability conditions for Pulse Transfer Function.
UNIT V STABILITY ANALYSIS
Stability Analysis of closed loop systems in the Z-Plane. Jury stability test StabilityAnalysis by use of the Bilinear Transformation and Routh Stability criterion. Stabilityanalysis using Liapunov theorems.
UNIT VI DESIGN OF DISCRETE TIME CONTROL SYSTEM BYCONVENTIONAL METHODS
Design of digital control based on the frequency response method BilinearTransformation and Design procedure in the w-plane, Lead, Lag and Lead-Lagcompensators and digital PID controllers. Design digital control through deadbeatresponse method.
UNIT VII STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERSDesign of state feedback controller through pole placement Necessary and sufficientconditions, Ackermans formula. State Observers Full order and Reduced orderobservers.
UNIT VIII LINEAR QUADRATIC REGULATORSMin/Max principle, Linear Quadratic Regulators, Kalman filters, State estimationthrough Kalman filters, introduction to adaptive controls.
TEXT BOOKS:1. Discrete-Time Control systems - K. Ogata, Pearson Education/PHI, 2nd Edition2. Digital Control and State Variable Methods by M.Gopal, TMH
REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Digital Control Systems, Kuo, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2003.2. Digital Control Engineering, M.Gopal
Subject Code:R50755
EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION
Unit 1 : E.H.V. A.C. Transmission line trends and preliminary aspects standard
transmission voltages power handling capacities and line losses mechanical
aspects.
Unit 2 : Calculation of line resistance and inductances : resistance of conductors,
temperature rise of conductor and current carrying capacity. Properties of bundled
conductors and geometric mean radims of bundle, inductance of two conductor lines
and multi conductor lines, Maxwells coefficient matrix.
Unit 3 : Line capacitance calculation : capacitance of two conductor line, and
capacitance of multi conductor lines, potential coefficients for bundled conductor
lines, sequence inductances and capacitances and diagonalization.
Unit 4 : Calculation of electro static field traveling waves due to corona Audio
noise die to corona, its generation, characteristics and limits measurement of audio
noise.
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Unit 5 : Surface voltage Gradient on conductors, surface gradient on 2 conductor
bundle and consine law, Maximum surface voltage gradient of bundle with more than
3 sub conductors, Mangolt formula.
Unit 6 : Corona : Corona in EHV lines corona loss formulate attenuation of
traveling waves due to corona Audio noise due to corona, its generation,
characteristics and limits measurement of audio noise.
Unit 7 : Power Frequency voltage control : Problems at power frequency, generalized
constants, No load voltage conditions and charging currents, voltage control using
synchronous conductor, cascade connection of components : Shunt and series
compensation, sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor compensated lines
Unit 8 : Static reactive compensatiog systems : Introduction, SVC schemes,
Harmonics injected in to network by TCR, design of filters for suppressing harmonics
injected in to the system.
Reference Books :
1. Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering Rakosh Das
Begamudre, Wiley Eastem ltd., New Delhi 1987.2. EHV Transmission line reference book Edision Electric Institute (GEC)
1986.
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Subject Code:R50756
FLEXIBLE AC. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
Unit 1: FACTS Concepts:
Transmission interconnections power flow in an AC system, loading capability
limits, Dynamic stability considerations, importance of controllable parameters basic
types of FACTS controllers, benefits from FACTS controllers.
Unit 2:Voltage Source Converters:
Single phase three phase full wave bridge converters transformer connections for 12
pulse 24 and 48 pulse operation.
Unit 3:
Three level voltage source converter, pulse width modulation converter, basic concept
of current source Converters, comparison of current source converters with voltage
source converters.
Unit 4: Static Shunt Compensation:
Objectives of shunt compensation, mid point voltage regulation voltage instability
prevention, improvement of transient stability, Power oscillation damping
Unit 5:
Methods of controllable var generation, variable impedance type static var generators
switching converter type var generators hybrid var generators.
Unit 6: SVC and STATCOM:
The regulation and slope transfer function and dynamic performance, transient
stability enhancement and power oscillation damping operating point control and
summary of compensator control.
Unit 7: Static Series Compensators:
concept of series capacitive compensation, improvement of transient stabillity, poweroscillation damping
Unit 8:
Functional requirements. GTO thyristor controlled series capacitor(GSC) , thyristor
switched series capacitor(TSSC), and thrystor controlled series capacitor(TCSC)
control schemes for GSC TSSC and TCSC.
Text Book :
1. Understanding FACTS Devices N.G. Hingorani and L. Guygi. IEEE
Press Publications 2000.
Subject Code:R50757
HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING TECHNIQUES
Unit 1 : Non Destructive Testing Techniques : Measurement of DC Resistivity
Dielectric loss and dielectric constant of insulating materials Schering bridge
method Transformer ratio arm bridge for high voltage and high current applications null detectors.
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Unit 2 : High Voltage Testing of Power Apparatus : Need for testing standards
Standards for porcelain/Glass insulators-Classification of porcelain/glass insulator
tests Tests for cap and pin porcelain/Glass insulators.
Unit 3 : High voltage AC testing methods-Power frequency tests-Over voltage tests
on insulators, Isolators, Circuit Breakers and power cables.
Unit 4 : Artificial Contamination Tests : Contamination flashover phenomena-
Contamination Severity-Artificial contamination tests-Laboratory Testing versus in-
Service Performance-Case study.
Unit 5 : Impulse Testing : Impulse testing of transformers-Surge diverters-and other
apparatus.
Unit 6 : Partial Discharge Measurement : PD equivalent model-PD currents-PD
measuring circuits-Straight and balanced detectors-Location and estimation of PD in
power apparatus-PD measurement by non electrical methods-Calibration of PD
detectors.
Unit 7 : RIV Measurements : Radio Interference RIV Measurement of RI and
RIV in laboratories and in field. Different test arrangements and their limitations.
Unit 8 : Why do Insulators fail : Handling-Vandalism-Quality control-Application
problems.
Detecting defective Insulators : Introduction-Detecting defective Porcelain insulators-
Detecting defective Non Ceramic Insulators.
Making Insulators work in contaminated environments : Cleaning-Modification of
Insulator design-Mobile protective coatings-Solid water Repellent coatings-Line
voltage reduction.
References :
1. High Voltage Engineering by E.KUFFEL and W.S.ZAEGNL Pergamonpress, Oxford 1984.
2. High Voltage Engineering by M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju, Tata Mc Graw
Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi 2001.
3. Discharge Detection in H.V. Equipment by KREUGER, F.H. Haywood
London 1964.
4. Outdoor Insulators by Gorur & Cherney.
Subject Code:R50758
MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS
Unit 1: 8086/8088 processors : Introduction to 8086 Microprocessors,
,Architecture, Addressing modes, Instruction set, Register Organization, Assembler
directives.
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Unit 2: Hard ware description: Pindiagram signal description min AND max
modes, bus timing, ready AND wait states, 8086 based micro computing system.
Unit 3: Special features AND Related Programming : Stack structure of 8086,
Memory segmentation, Interrupts, ISR, NMI, MI and interrupt Programming,
Macros.
Unit 4: Advanced Microprocessors: Intel 80386 programming model ,memory
paging, Introduction to 80486, Introduction to Pentium Microprocessors and special
Pentium pro features.
Unit 5 :-Basic peripherals AND Their Interfacing:-Memory Interfacing (DRAM)
PPI- Modes of operation of 8255 ,Interfacing to ADC AND DAC.
Unit 6:- Special Purpose of Programmable Peripheral Devices and Their
interfacing :-Programmable interval timer , 8253 , PIC 8259A,display controller
Programmable communication Interface 8251,USART and Exercises.
Unit 7 :-Microcontrollers : Introduction to Intel 8 bit AND16 bit Microcontrollers,
8051- Architecture, Memory organization, Addressing Modes and exercises
Unit 8:- Hardware description of 8051: Instruction formats ,Instruction sets,
interrupt Structure AND interrupt priorities, Port structures ANDOperation linear
counter Functions ,different Modes of Operation and Programming examples.
TEXT BOOKS :-
1.The Intel Microprocessors Architecture Programming ANDInterfacing by
Barry b Brey.
2.Advanceed Microprocessors by kenrith J Ayala , Thomson publishers.
3.Microcontrollers by kentrith J ayala,Thomson publishers.
Reference Books:-
1. Microprocessors AND Interfacing Programming AND Hard ware byDOUGLAS V.Hall
2. Microprocessors AND Microcontrollers by Prof. C.R.Sarma
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Subject code:R50759
MODERN POWER ELECTRONICS
Unit I : Modern power semiconductor devices
Modern power semiconductor devices MOS Turn Off Thyristor (MTO) Emitter
Turn Off Thyristor (ETO) Intergrated Gate-Commutated thyristor (IGCTs) MOS-
controlled thyristors(MCTs) Static Induction Thyristors (SITHs) Power integrated
circuits (PICs) symbol, structure and equivalent circuit comparison of their
features.
Unit II : Resonant Pulse InvertersResonant pulse inverters series resonant inverters series resonant inverters with
unidirectional switches series resonant inverters with bidirectional Switches
analysis of half bridge resonant inverter evaluation of currents and Voltages of a
simple resonant inverter analysis of half bridge and full bridge resonant inverter
with bidirectional switches Frequency response of series resonant inverters for
series loaded inverter for parallel loaded inverter For series and parallel loaded
inverters parallel resonant inverters Voltage control of resonant inverters class E
resonant inverter class E resonant rectifier evaluation of values of Cs andLs for
class E inverter and Class E rectifier numerical problems.
Unit III : Resonant converters.
Resonant converters zero current switching resonant converters L type ZCSresonant converter M type ZCS resonant converter zero voltage Switching
resonant converters comparison between ZCS and ZVS resonant Converters Two
quadrant ZVS resonant converters resonant dc-link Inverters evaluation of L and
C for a zero current switching inverter Numerical problems.
Unit IV : Multilevel Inverters.
Multilevel concept Classification of multilevel inverters Diode clamped
Multilevel inverter principle of operation main features improved diode
Clamped inverter principle of operation Flying capacitors multilevel inverter -
principle of operation main features
Unit V : Multilevel Inverters (continued)
cascaded multilevel inverter principle of operation main features Multilevelinverter applications reactive power compensation back to back intertie system
adjustable drives -Switching device currents dc link capacitor voltage balancing
features of Multilevel inverters comparisons of multilevel converters.
Unit VI : DC Power Supplies.
DC power supplies classification - switched mode dc power supplies flyback
Converter forward converter push-pull converter half bridge converter Full
bridge converter Resonant d c power supplies bidirectional power Supplies
Applications.
Unit VII : AC Power Supplies.
AC power supplies classification switched mode ac power supplies Resonant ACpower supplies bidirectional ac power supplies multistage conversions control
circuits applications.
Unit VIII : Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Supplies.
Introduction power line disturbances power conditioners uninterruptible Power
supplies applications.
Textbooks:1. Power Electronics Mohammed H. Rashid Pearson Education-Third Edition
2. Power Electronics Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins John Wiley
and Sons Second Edition.
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Subject code:R50760
NEURAL AND FUZZY SYSTEMS
Unit I: Introduction to Neural Networks
Introduction, Humans and Computers, Organization of the Brain, Biological Neuron,
Biological and Artificial Neuron Models, Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Model, Integrate-
and-Fire Neuron Model, Spiking Neuron Model, Characteristics of ANN, McCulloch-
Pitts Model, Historical Developments, Potential Applications of ANN.
Unit- II: Essentials of Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial Neuron Model, Operations of Artificial Neuron, Types of NeuronActivation Function, ANN Architectures, Classification Taxonomy of ANN
Connectivity, Neural Dynamics (Activation and Synaptic), Learning Strategy
(Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement), Learning Rules, Types of Application
UnitIII: Feed Forward Neural Networks
Introduction, Perceptron Models: Discrete, Continuous and Multi-Category, Training
Algorithms: Discrete and Continuous Perceptron Networks, Perceptron Convergence
theorem, Limitations of the Perceptron Model, Applications.
Multilayer Feed forward Neural Networks
Credit Assignment Problem, Generalized Delta Rule, Derivation of Backpropagation
(BP) Training, Summary of Backpropagation Algorithm, Kolmogorov Theorem,
Learning Difficulties and Improvements.
Unit IV: Associative Memories
Paradigms of Associative Memory, Pattern Mathematics, Hebbian Learning, General
Concepts of Associative Memory (Associative Matrix, Association Rules, Hamming
Distance, The Linear Associator, Matrix Memories, Content Addressable Memory),
Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) Architecture, BAM Training Algorithms:
Storage and Recall Algorithm, BAM Energy Function, Proof of BAM Stability
Theorem
Architecture of Hopfield Network: Discrete and Continuous versions, Storage and
Recall Algorithm, Stability Analysis, Capacity of the Hopfield Network.
Unit V: Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)Introduction, Competitive Learning, Vector Quantization, Self-Organized Learning Networks,
Kohonen Networks, Training Algorithms, Linear Vector Quantization, Stability-Plasticity Dilemma,
Feed forward competition, Feedback Competition, Instar, Outstar, ART1, ART2, Applications.
Unit VI: Classical AND Fuzzy SetsIntroduction to classical sets - properties, Operations and relations; Fuzzy sets, Membership,
Uncertainty, Operations, properties, fuzzy relations, cardinalities, membership functions.
UNIT VII: Fuzzy Logic System Components
Fuzzification, Membership value assignment, development of rule base and decision
making ystem, Defuzzification to crisp sets, Defuzzification methods.
UNIT VIII: Applications
Neural network applications: Process identification, Function Approximation, control
and Process Monitoring, fault diagnosis and load forecasting.
Fuzzy logic applications: Fuzzy logic control and Fuzzy classification.
TEXT BOOK:1. Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms: synthesis and applications by Rajasekharan and
Rai PHI Publication.
2. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems - Jacek M. Zuarda, Jaico Publishing House, 1997.
REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Neural and Fuzzy Systems: Foundation, Architectures and Applications, - N. Yadaiah and S. Bapi
Raju, Pearson Education
2. Neural Networks James A Freeman and Davis Skapura, Pearson, 2002.
3. Neural Networks Simon Hykins , Pearson Education
4. Neural Engineering by C.Eliasmith and CH.Anderson, PHI
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Subject Code :R50761
POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF A.C. DRIVES
UNIT I: Introduction to AC Drives
Introduction to motor drives Torque production Equivalent circuit analysis
Speed-Torque Characteristics with Variable voltage operation, Variable frequency
operation, constant v/f operation Variable stator current operation Induction motor
characteristics in constant torque and field weakening regions
UNIT II: Control of Induction motor drives at Stator sideScalar control Voltage fed inverter control Open loop volts/Hz control speed
control slip regulation speed control with torque and flux control current
controlled voltage fed inverter drive current-fed inverter control Independent
current and frequency control Speed and flux control in Current-Fed inverter drive
Volts/Hz control of Current-fed inverter drive Efficiency optimization control by
flux program
UNIT III: Control of Induction motor drives at Rotor side
Slip power recovery drives Static Kramer Drive Phasor diagram Torque
expression - Speed control of a Kramer Drive Static Scheribus Drive modes of
operation
UNIT IV: Vector control of Induction Motor Drives
Principles of Vector control Vector control methods Direct method of vector
control Indirect method of vector control Adaptive control principles Self tuning
regulator Model referencing control.
UNIT V: Control of Synchronous motor drives
Synchronous motor and its characteristics Control strategies Constant torque angle
control Unity power factor control Constant mutual flux linkage control
UNIT VI: Controllers
Flux weakening operation Maximum speed Direct flux weakening algorithm
Constant Torque mode controller Flux Weakening controller Indirect flux
weakening Maximum permissible torque speed control scheme Implementationstrategy Speed controller design.
UNIT VII: VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE
Variable Reluctance motor drives - Torque production in the variable reluctance
motor Drive characteristics and control principles Current control variable
reluctance motor servo drive
UNIT VIII: BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVES
Three phase full wave Brushless dc motor Sinusoidal type of Brushless dc motor
current controlled Brushless dc motor Servo drive
REFERENCES:
1. Electric Motor Drives Pearson Modeling, Analysis and Control R.Krishnan
Publications 1st
edition 2002
2. Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives B.K.Bose Pearson Publications 1st
edition
3. Power Electronic control of AC Motors MD Murphy and FG Turn Bull Pergman
Press(For Chapters II, III, V) 1st edition
4. Power Electronics and AC Drives B.K.Bose Prentice Hall, Eagle wood diffs New
Jersey(for chapters I, II, IV) 1 st edition
5. Power Electronic circuits, Devices and Applications M.H.Rashid PHI - 1995
6. Fundamentals of Electrical Drives G.K.Dubey Narora publications - 1995 (For
Chapter II)
7. Power Electronics and Variable frequency drives B.K.Bose IEEE Press Standard
publications -1st
edition 2002
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Subject Code : R 50762
POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND STABILITY
Unit 1 : System Dynamics : Synchronous machine model in state space form ,
computer representation for excitation and governor systems modelling of loads and
induction machines.
Unit 2 : Steady state stability steady state stability limit Dynamic Stability limit
Dynamic stability analysis.
Unit 3 : State space representation of synchronous machine connected to infinite bus,
Time response Stability by eigen value approach.
Unit 4 : Digital Simulation of Transient Stability : Swing equation, Machine
equations Representation of loads Alternate cycle solution method Direct
method of solution.
Unit 5 : Solution Techniques : Modified Euler method Runge Kutta method
Concept of multi machine stability.
Unit 6 : Effect of governor action and exciter on power system stability. Effect of
saturation, saliency & automatic voltage regulators on stability.
Unit 7 : Excitation Systems : Rotating Self-excited Exciter with direct acting
Rheostatic type, voltage regulator Rotating main and Pilot Exciters with Indirect
Acting Rheostatic Type Voltage Regulator.
Unit 8 : Rotating Main Exciter, Rotating Amplifier and Static Voltage Regulator
Static excitation scheme Brushless excitation system.
Reference Books :
1. Power System Stability by Kimbark Vol. I&II, III
2. Power System control and stability by Anderson and Foud
3. Computer Applications to Power SystemsGlenn.W.Stagg & Ahmed.
H.El.Abiad
4. Computer Applications to Power Systems M.A.Pai
5. Power Systems Analysis & Stability S.S.Vadhera Khanna Publishers
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Subject Code : R 50763
POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY
Unit I: Generating System Reliability Analysis I
Generation system model capacity outage probability tables Recursive relation for
capacitive model building sequential addition method unit removal Evaluation
of loss of load and energy indices Examples
Unit II: Generating System Reliability Analysis II
Frequency and Duration methods Evaluation of equivalent transitional rates ofidentical and non-identical units Evaluation of cumulative probability and
cumulative frequency of non-identical generating units 2-level daily load
representation - merging generation and load models Examples
Unit III: Operating Reserve Evaluation
Basic concepts - risk indices PJM methods security function approach rapid start
and hot reserve units Modelling using STPM approach.
Unit IV: Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluation
Basic configuration conditional probability approach system and load point
reliability indices weather effects on transmission lines Weighted average rate and
Markov model Common mode failures.
Unit V: Inter Connected System Reliability Analysis
Probability array method Two inter connected systems with independent loads
effects of limited and unlimited tie capacity - imperfect tie Two connected Systems
with correlated loads Expression for cumulative probability and cumulative
frequency.
Unit VI: Distribution System Reliability Analysis I (Radial configuration)
Basic Techniques Radial networks Evaluation of Basic reliability indices,
performance indices - load point and system reliability indices customer oriented,
loss and energy oriented indices Examples
Unit VII: Distribution System Reliability Analysis - II(Parallel configuration)Basic techniques inclusion of bus bar failures, scheduled maintenance temporary
and transient failures weather effects common mode failures Evaluation of
various indices Examples
Unit VIII: Substations and Switching Stations:
Effects of short-circuits - breaker operation Open and Short-circuit failures Active
and Passive failures switching after faults circuit breaker model preventive
maintenance exponential maintenance times.
Reference Books:
1. Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems by Roy Billinton and Ronald N. Allan, Plenum press,
New York and London (Second Edition), 1996.
2. Reliability Modeling in Electric Power Systems by J. Endrenyi, JohnWiley and Sons, 1978. (First Edition)
Subject Code : R 50764
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION AND MANAGEMENT
UNIT I:Load Compensation
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Objectives and specifications reactive power characteristics inductive and
capacitive approximate biasing Load compensator as a voltage regulator phase
balancing and power factor correction of unsymmetrical loads- examples.
UNIT II: Steady state reactive power compensation in transmission system:
Uncompensated line types of compensation Passive shunt and series and dynamic
shunt compensation examples
UNIT III:Transient state reactive power compensation in transmission systems:
Characteristic time periods passive shunt compensation static compensations-
series capacitor compensation compensation using synchronous condensers examples
UNIT-IV:Reactive power coordination:
Objective Mathematical modeling Operation planning transmission benefits
Basic concepts of quality of power supply disturbances- steady state variations
effects of under voltages frequency Harmonics, radio frequency and
electromagnetic interferences
UNIT-V:Demand side management:
Load patterns basic methods load shaping power tariffs- KVAR based tariffs
penalties for voltage flickers and Harmonic voltage levels
UNIT-VI:Distribution side Reactive power Management:
System losses loss reduction methods examples Reactive power planning
objectives Economics Planning capacitor placement retrofitting of capacitor banks
UNIT-VII:User side reactive power management:
KVAR requirements for domestic appliances Purpose of using capacitors
selection of capacitors deciding factors types of available capacitor, characteristics
and Limitations
UNIT-VIII: Reactive power management in electric traction systems and are
furnaces:
Typical layout of traction systems reactive power control requirements
distribution transformers- Electric arc furnaces basic operations- furnaces
transformer filter requirements remedial measures power factor of an arc furnace
Reference Books:1. Reactive power control in Electric power systems by T.J.E.Miller, John Wiley and sons, 1982 (Units
I to IV)
2. Reactive power Management by D.M.Tagare,Tata McGraw Hill,2004.(Units V toVIII)
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Subject Code : R 50765
SPECIAL MACHINES CONTROL
Unit 1:
Criteria for selecting drive components
Unit 2:
Generated voltage - Effect of hysteresis and eddy currents
Unit 3:
Factors affecting terminal voltage of a loaded generator - figure of merit
Unit 4:
Amplidyne and its equivalent circuit. - D.C. Motors - relationship between the
transfer function and speed - torque curves - equivalent circuit of d.c. motor - the field
controlled motor permanent magnet d.c. motors.
Unit 5:
Constructional features - Theory of operation - Approximate transfer function - figureof merit - motor characteristics in the presence of finite control impedence.
Unit 6:
Basic principles of operation of stepper motor - Types of stepper motor - Variable
reluctance type and permanent magnet type stepper motors - Hybrid stepper motors
Unit 7:
Modes of excitation in stepper motors - Drive circuits for stepper motors - Open loop
and closed loop control operation of stepper motors.
Unit 8:
Reluctance Motors: Principles of operation - Constructional features - Performance
and applications.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. N. MOHAN, UNDELAND and ROBBINS : Power Electronics Converters,
Applications and Design.
2. JOHAN E. GIBSON and F.B. TEUTER : Control System components
3. M.G. SAY and E.O. TAYLOR : D.C. Machines.