Design Computing

07. 3-dimensional Computer Graphics & Visualization 2

4/16/2015Digital Design I | HOM3034 | Spring 2015 | Every Thursday 2:00 p.m. – 5:50 pm

Jin Kook Lee, Ph.D. 02-2220-2645 | designit@hanyang.ac.krAssistant Professor, Space & Design IT Lab.Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

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Scheduled Classes

Midterm Exam

Planned rest of the semester: Midterm Exam, Final Project, etc.

Lab Exercises in each class

- Mostly pass/fail based evaluation

- Additional score will be given, if your work is beyond expectation

: Qualitative evaluation in “Course participation”

Midterm Exam

- A brief examination from the course material, fundamental theories

- Not only BIM and parametric modeling issues but also 3d graphics

- Scheduled in May 20th. (TBA if needed)

Final Project: a video-based design presentation, uploaded on YouTube.com

- You are encouraged to use your design studio work

- If not your design studio work, it’s okay. Contents up to you (e.g. lessons in this course, etc.)

- Uploaded and shared by YouTube

- Due date: end of the class (TBA in detail)

Other Mandatory Participation

- Show up in the special Guest Lecture Series (TBA in detail)

What to do today: 5 images & 1 max file

Design Visualization by 3ds Max – 1

1. Lab Exercise 1: 3ds Max Project “setup your 3ds Max project folder”

2. LE 2: NURBS Surface “rendering image file”

3. LE 3: Organic Skin & Shape “rendering image file”

4. LE 4: Pseudo Building Interior – Spotlight and Parti Volume Effect

“rendering image file”

5. LE 5: Pseudo Building Interior – Media Post concept

“rendering image file & yours.max file”

6. LE 6: Installing Vray plugin

7. LE 7: Quick Use of Vray: Importing geometry & Vray rendering in 3ds Max Design 2015

Autodesk 3ds Max: Review

What to do in 3ds MAX (& other general 3d tools)

1 Modeling: Create objects

2 Rendering: Visualize scenes

1 Assign materials

2 Add lights

3 Setup cameras

4 Rendering options & render scenes

1 Create 2d geometry and 3d objects

2 Import objects

3 Manage objects: object modification

3 Animation: Animate scenes

Modeling Very hard and time-consuming

Rendering Many things to take care of

Animating Hardware dependent

Use hotkeys! – Useful 3ds MAX hotkeys (basic keys)

Viewing

Alt + W : Maximize the viewport, and back

G : Show/hide grids

F3 : Toggle between wireframe view and Shading

F4 : View edge face wireframe, available in shading view

C : View camera, P : View perspective, T : top view, L : left view, F : front view, B : bottom view…

Ctrl + X : Toggle expert mode

Shit + Z, Shift Y : Undo, Redo viewport operation

+, - : Increase, decrease Gizmo size

Object Handling

Q : Click Selection tool

W : Click Move tool

E : Click Rotate tool

R : Click Scale tool

H : Select by name

Ctrl A : select all, Ctrl D : deselect all,

Space bar : selection lock toggle (keep selecting current ones only if turned on)

Utility

M : Material editor

F10 : Render setup

Shift + Q : Rendering

3ds MAX use scenario in interior architecture design

Define UoD

Retouching in 2d Graphics Tools

Modeling

Material mapping

Rendering

Lights Camera Rendering scenes

Modeling universe (environment) Modeling design elements

2d sketch 3d modeling

Import Modification…

Planes Walls

Sky, outside view Modification…

What’s in your mind? - Roughly sketch it freehand if needed - Plan hierarchy diagram and objects

Photoshop (or others) supports lots of complicated effects- Modify: Level, Color balance, Sharpness, Gaussian blur, etc.- Add: Remapping, Compose, Texts, etc.

3ds MAX use scenario in interior architecture design Before modeling & rendering – Defining UoD first!

Roughly design your universe

This UoD is not reflecting real world – totally visualization purposed surfaces

Modeling is very hard and tedious

Reuse pre-defined object models

Use pasted bitmap images for drawing section profiles

Model in 3ds MAX, not in AutoCAD

Make all edges smooth – e.g. NURMS, Bevel…

Rendering basics

Use high-quality bitmap images for mapping (doesn’t mean only high-resolution)

(Take pictures whenever you find good interior design material, and Photoshop)

Three lightings and one camera for furniture, lots of lightings for interior design

Use Mental Ray (or other ray tracing: e.g. V-Ray etc.) for global reflection

Less is more – Retouch in Photoshop or others, don’t try too much in 3ds MAX.

Don’t forget your final result is just a mere 2d image!

Arch & Design Material + ProMaterials+ Photometric lights Mental Ray

In October of 2006, Autodesk implemented a material type called the “Arch &

Design” material for the 3d Studio Max implementation of mental ray.

Easy to use, yet flexible: complicated than Vray but simpler

Templates: fast access to common materials

Physically accurate

Glossy performance

Tweakable BRDF (Bidirectional reflectance distribution function)

Transparency

Round corners: make it realistic – catch the light on edges

Indirect Illumination control

Built-in Ambient Occlusion

Ray-traced & photo-realistic preset materials

Why 3ds MAX is very hard to learn?

Ideal interfaces for 3D modeling- 3d laser scanning… (from real world objects)- Image processing (from 2d pictures to 3d model)- Beyond keyboard & mouse:

Tangible devices for manipulating 3d objects in 3d way

3ds MAX interface (& most other 3d tools)- Handling 3d objects on 2d screen!- Too complicated 3d modeling on 2d views- Too many icons! (limitation of GUI)- Too complex options, too many function

This gap makes you hard to get 3ds MAX!

Actual reason – why 3ds MAX is too hard to learn?

Quiz – do you know these?

Ray tracing, global illumination…

Bump mapping, Phong Shading…

Bezier curve, Spline, NURBS, control point, segments…

UV mapping, UVW

Polygon mesh

Sweeping, lathing

Knowing about camera and lenses – focal distance, aperture, exposure…

Without understanding what are these, learning 3ds MAX is equivalent to “memorizing the order of

clicking buttons among hundreds of icons, in a messy GUI interface”.

If you understand the logic, rather than the order of clicking buttons, you can learn any complicated modern

3d modeling & rendering software such as Rhino, Maya, Blender, Digital Project, and so on, of course

including 3ds MAX.

3d Geometric Modeling & Modification

How to create a new 3d object?

- Create primitives- Extrusion- Sweeping (lathing, loft..)- etc.

And then, modify them again and again

Modeling starts from primitive geometry

Standard Primitives

Extended Primitives

Modifier

Total Standard Primitives: 10

Total Extended Primitives: 13

Total Modifiers: 90

Modeling tools in 3ds MAX

3d modification by 2d geometry

Demo: other ways of controlling geometry – Modifiers

Create geometry

- Copy & paste patterns

- Auto-generated geometry

- …

Tiling pattern1 Create Box object

2 Clone Boxes: Shift + Move on Front view

Practice:

- Clone using Shift key- Difference: Instance & Copy- How to select objects- Use Pivot Point Center- Use Selection Center- Apply to more patterns

Tiling pattern3 Clone Boxes: Shift + Move on Top view Total 10 X 10 box objects

4 Rotate one box object using “Pivot Point Center”

Control all by one

Want to create random pattern? Use MAXScript or plugins!

Fractal modification1 Create Box object with some Segments

2 Add Noise modifier and adjust parameters

3ds MAX Modeling for Interior Architects

3ds MAX use scenarios for Interior Designers

1 Create background (universe)

2 Create architectural environment

3 Create interior design elements

4 Rendering & retouching

1 Import AutoCAD drawings (cleaned up model from CAD)

2 Create in 3ds MAX Use Extrude, Boolean operation and Sweeping (Loft)

1 Import 3d model from CAD Go to Rendering & retouching

2 Import 2d model from CAD extrude walls in 3ds MAX (cleaned up messy lines in A)

1 Draw floor plans and extrude them using 3ds MAX

2 Use section profile (2d bitmap image of floor plans, etc.): draw and extrude in 3ds MAX

3 Use AEC Extended, Doors, Windows, Stairs, etc. and modify

1 Import AutoCAD drawings (cleaned up model from CAD)

2 Create in 3ds MAX Use Extrude, Boolean operation and Sweeping (Loft)

Units Setup, Snap, Selection options…

Customize – Units setup

Metric display unit scale: Millimeters

International lighting units

Create a Cylinder (enough big to place your building at the middle of this picture)

Remove top and bottom face

It could be a part of cylinder, facing window side, against cameras

Environmental texture mapping using a bitmap image

Design objects and camera

Background

Design objects and camera

Background

1 Create background (universe)

2 Create architectural environment

1 Import AutoCAD drawings (cleaned up model from CAD)

1 Import 3d model from CAD Go to Rendering & retouching

2 Import 2d model from CAD extrude walls in 3ds MAX (cleaned up messy lines in A)

Create a box and delete two faces – two walls, floor and ceiling objects are

ready

Simple and small interior model, furniture or design element highlighted

Extrude, Boolean operation for doors and windows, Loft for windows frame

3ds MAX Modeling/Rendering for Interior Architects

- An Example

Concept & Development

This is a small office for an IT-based design company, a part of a high-rise building

They design Web-based media such as Prezi, Flash, e-contents, etc.

They need to get feedback frequently from users, remotely

Non-structural columns for digital communication! Media Posts!

Columns are connected to the network

They have several built-in touch-pad devices

Designers “post” their design to the Media Posts, and get feedback

Windows are also another type of Media board: Transparent screens

Reference Images

Blurring Space, JK Lee et al, 2003

Reference Images

Stage 1: Modeling architectural environment

1 Create a box object: with enough segments in a proper size, e.g. 12m X 20m X 6m

2 Convert it into “Editable Poly”

3 Delete one side wall

4 Other 3 sides should be “Flip”

Stage 2: Photometric Lights

1 Create a Photometric light on the ceiling

2 Copy “instances” using Shift + Move icon

3 Adjust light options: Cylindrical emit, Intensity 50cd, set color, etc.

4 Test render inside for seeing inside brightness

Stage 3: Place a Camera

1 Place a target camera

2 Adjust its location properly

3 Adjust camera options: Focal distance (use wide), Multi-pass effect (depth of field), etc

4 Create a Camera view, test render inside for seeing via camera

Stage 4: Modeling Interior Elements

1 Create interior elements: create a box and copy instances (Columns)

2 Create interior elements: other elements dependent upon Level of Detail you want

3 Import elements: pre-defined furniture and/or cubicle system furniture, etc Copy instances

4 More lights and/or window modeling (still surface is okay in this LoD)

Stage 5: Material Mapping and Rendering

1 Assign one view port to the Camera, and toggle views using Alt + W

2 Assign colors into surface walls and interior elements: white

3 Assign preset materials to some of objects: Arch & Design solid glass to the window parts, floor..

4 Test render and adjust related setup: lights, material, camera lens & depth, etc Get your scene

Basic modeling, lighting, camera, and rendering by Mental RayNo texture mapping

Modeling – 1 side media windowNo texture mapping

Modeling – 3 sides media windowWindows: Arch & Design solid glass

Modeling – a little bit elaborated modelingWindows vertical rails: Arch & Design metal

Floor material (Arch & Design preset) & external lightsFloor: Arch & Design concrete

Floor material (Arch & Design preset) & external lights Concept rendering image: Need to retouch in Photoshop – Media images on the posts & screen

Floor material (Arch & Design preset) & external lights

Concept rendering image: Need to retouch in Photoshop – Media images on the posts & screen

Media screen mapping 1

Media screen mapping 2

Media screen mapping 3

A concept image of a workspace – this takes around 2 hours for modeling & rendering

Renderers: Mental Ray & Vray

Mental Ray vs. Vray vs. Brazil, etc.

VRay:

- Pros: Fast ray trace, intiutive interface. Include exclude objects. Great GI options. Great area lights.

Vray proxies, fur etc

- Cons: Bad shader support, limited in getting under the hood. Render's look chalky

- Cost: One license, 99 render nodes free.

Mental Ray:

- Pros: Embedded in 3ds MAX. Great materials, and shaders. Great render quality. You can get under

the hood with standalone. Arch & Design, Autodesk materials

- Cons: FG for animation is weird, and having used other renders, it falls way short. Lack of GI options.

No brute force. Maya seems to have better integration for shader networks. Multiple versions for multiple

max releases. So you have to upgrade max to get the new MR. Bad decision.

- Cost: free with max native, free rendering. Costs a small fortune for standalone.

Brazil:

- Pros: Amazing render quality, great shaders. Not as complete, always seems unfinished. Great lights

and other addons.

- Cons: Slow renders, limited GI options for animation.

- Cost: One license, two render nodes free. Cost per render node after that.

Refer to the professional websites! Teach yourself.

e.g. CGArchitect.com, 3dtotal.com

http://3dsmaxdesign.cgarchitect.com/ http://www.cgarchitect.com/

http://www.cgarchitect.com/2015/04/meeting-room-interior

http://www.cgarchitect.com/2015/04/manager-office2

http://www.3dtotal.com/index.php

http://www.3dtotal.com/index_gallery_detailed2.php?id=6240&cat=makingof#.VSqaE2flrAp

http://www.3dtotal.com/index_gallery_detailed2.php?id=6240&cat=makingof#.VSqaE2flrAp

Web Tutorial Link example:

http://www.3dtotal.com/index_tutorial_detailed.php?id=1966&search=patric#.VSqapmflrAq

Refer to professional docs

PDF files

Lab Exercises

Next Class

Track 2 & 4

Design Visualization by 3ds Max Design 2015 – Building Modeling Project

Bring your actual (studio) design files