HOPE COLLEGE ANCHOR

HOPE COLLEGE VIENNA SUMMER SCHOOL

EUROPEAN EDITION VIENNA, AUSTRIA, JULY. 1959

Sixty Students Join Hope in Europe

For Fourth Vienna Summer Session Since the Second World War , when large numbers

of ou r s tudents were sent abroad and thus came into contact with other people and cul tures , there has be^n

a growing interest in various foreign study p rograms .

Like many other American institutions, Hope College initially responded to this new student interest in super-

vised travel and study by providing a European tour

p rog ram, conducted by the language depar tments . By 1956, however, it had become apparent that the usual tvpe of study tour p rogram was too limited to meei

the different needs ol" all the s tudents interested in broadening their international unders tanding in many fields besides languages.

Begun in 1956

With the establ ishment of the Hope College Vienna

S u m m e r School, on an exper imenta l basis in 1956 and

in its present form in 1957, Hope College pioneeneid the development of a p rog ram which provides all the most important aspects of European travel, study, and living.

T h e main features of this p r o g r a m are : an extended study tour which introduces s tudents to Europe, both

old and new; six weeks of residence in Vienna for a full academic summer session, and a period of inde-

pendent t ravel prior to the s tudent ' s re turn to the United States.

European Professors

T h e most unique part of the Hope College p rog ram

is the na ture and scope of its academic offer ings. In 1956, when the first exper imenta l g roup spent part of the summer in Vienna, s tudents could enrol l ei ther in

a G e r m a n or history course. Today , four years later , the enro l lment has grown f rom fourteen to sixty stu-dents . Students have a choice of nine di f ferent courses, including Ar t , German , History, Li terature , and Music.

T h e staff now includes seven European professors , as well as guest lecturers, two special tu tors , and four members of the Hope College staff .

In these four years the p rog ram has not only ex-panded in numbers and in the scope of its offer ings,

but has also enjoyed a growing reputat ion in the United States and in Europe. Hope College Vienna Summer School groups have been received in special briefings in France, Belgium, Luxembourg , T h e Nether lands ,

and G e r m a n y . T h e arrival of this year ' s Hope College g r o u p was noted last week in four of the Vienna daily

papers , by the radio, and in a television p rog ram called „Welcome to Vienna".

Living With Families

As in the past three years, s tudents have already sett led in their respective homes, and s ta r ted to work

on their var ious individual research projects which will b r ing them into contact with a great number of Eu-ropeans dur ing the next few weeks. Also begun has the process by which these young Amer icans grow to unders tand and appreciate the values of a different cu l tu re and their own responsibility in the shaping of internat ional relations in the fu ture .

Impact On Campus

Perhaps the most tell ing effect of this new exper i -m e n t in internat ional living which Hope College has developed in the past few years has been the effect

which the Summer School program has had on the

campus at home. It has increased interest in languages, history, art , and music. But, even more significantly, it has s t imulated concern for international relations.

Last year ' s Vienna S u m m e r School g roup helped to select an Austr ian student who received a year 's scho-

larship to the USA. T h i s year 's group includes six American s tudents who were able to come to Vienna because Hope College s tudents helped to raise the

money needed to provide the necessary scholarships.

No account of the g rowth of the Vienna S u m m e r

School p rogram would be complete without a sincere tr ibute to the valuable services rendered by the Insti-

tute of European Studies, which has been our host for the past three years, by the members of the teaching staff , and part icularly Mrs . Snow, who served as

Women ' s adviser and supervisor of the Ge rman and

Music p rogram in 1957 and 1958. T h e p rog ram also owes much to the enthus iasm, ingenuity, and interest of the s tudents themselves who contributed" many ideas and suggest ions which have helped to make the Hope

College Vienna Summer School p rogram what it is.

Hope Alumns Visit Group Enroute To Vienna

T h r o u g h o u t our tour of Europe, we were met by

alumni of Hope College. T h e first of these was David

Kinkema, who graduated f rom Hope in 1957. Dave, who was enrolled in the 1957 Vienna Summer School p rogram, has been in G e r m a n y as a U. S. soldier for some eighteen months . Last year he obtained leave and

spent about a week in Vienna with the Hope gr^up . T h i s year Kinkema, meanwhi le advanced to a special U. S. unit sent to Hol land for N A T O maneuver s ,

happened to spot the two large busses bearing the signs „Hope College Vienna Summer School" in front of a hotel in A m s t e r d a m and excitedly s tormed in to

join us there for a day.

When we reached Luxembourg , three days later, we

were greeted by Gerr i t Hoek who also groduated f rom

Hope in 1957. He is stat ioned in Thionvil le , France, which is near Luxembourg City. He, too, has been in the Army for some time and attended last year 's Hope

reunion in Heidelberg.

Later, while we were in Heidelberg, two o ther gra-

duates met us there. Char les Lindahl, '57, spent the day with us and then cont inued with us to N u r n b e r g .

Chuck, too, had spent some time with last year 's g roup in Heidelberg and Vienna. He is stationed in D a r m -

stadt, Ge rmany .

Ronald Kuiper, '58, also met us in Heidelberg and traveled on our bus to Nurnberg . Ron has only been in G e r m a n y a few weeks. He is stationed in Hei lbronn and now looks fo rward to a possible pass or leave to

spend some time with us in Vienna.

Finally, in Nurnbe rg we met Captain Rober t Jap inga , his wife (the fo rmer Sally Schrier) and their two boys,

Ricky and Billy. Captain Jap inga is stationed in Augs-burg at present . In Nurnbe rg , we were also met by Reverend and Mrs . Paul Diez. Rev. Diez gradua ted f rom Weste rn Theologica l Seminary in 1954 and now is the pastor of the L u t h e r a n Church in Nurnberg . Rev. Diez had three young men f r o m his congregat ion with him who volunteered to serve as guides for those of as who wanted to see the city of Nurnberg .

William lla*ms

Travelers Worship In

Church of Pilgrims,

Protestant Cathedral

Included among th^ many new experiences we have

enjoyed so tar on ou r tour has been the oppor tun i ty

to worship in di f ferent churches with people of o t h e r

countries.

Our first two Sundays were spent aboard the S. S.

Waterman, where both Protes tant and Cathol ic services

were provided for the passengers. T h e worsh ipers

descended the stairs leading to the theater , f r o m which

came the sound of famil iar hymns being played on the

piano T h e sermons were preached in English by Rev.

F t ens i r a , a graduate of Calvin College.

p i

m

P R O T E S T A N T SERVICES have been held in English here

since 1607.

Both Protes tant and Catholic member s of ou r g roup

were given the oppor tuni ty to a t tend church services

in English while we were in A m s t e r d a m on our th i rd

Sunday. T h e Protes tant service was held in the English

Reformed Church of the Scotch-Reformed Presbyter ian

denominat ion. Part of the building in which we

worshiped had been constructed about 1400 as a Dutch

church. In 1607 the church was conver ted to the

English language when used by the Pi lgr ims af ter their

Ilighl f r o m England.

We heard a message preached by a subst i tute pastor ,

Dr. John Primus, who spent four years as a student at

Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and three

years at Calvin Seminary. He later did g radua te work

at the Free University in A m s t e r d a m .

It was interesting to note that in Axnsterdam, as in

many of our churches at home, the chi ldren were

seated in the f ron t and left before the se rmon to have

a special service in ano the r part of the church. T h e

deacons greeted visitors and fr iends at the door.

We were also the beneficiaries of a very nice custom

in Amste rdam, the serving of coffee a f te r the service

for visitors and member s of the church . Dur ing this

coffee h o u r we met a number of young people, some

of w h o m ate d inner with us at o u r hotel and la ter

guided us around their city.

On J u n e 28 in Nurnbe rg , Pastor Diez had planned

to give a special service in English fo r the Hope group .

However , due to the fact that Dr . Fried and Pas to r

Diez were unable to contact each o the r in time, many

of us went instead to the O r g a n Concer t at the

St. Lawrence Cathedra l . T h e concer t was one of a

series included in the In ternat ional O r g a n Festival held

f r o m J u n e 20 to June 28 in N u r n b e r g . We all agreed

that the concert was, indeed, a worshipiul experience.

Loreita Plassche

PAGE T W O H O P E C O L L E G E A N C H O R — E U R O P E A N E D I T I O N J U L Y .959

HOPE COLLEGE ANCHOR

T h e European edition of the Hope College

A N C H O R is w r i u e n , edited, and printed in

Vienna, Austr ia by the s tudents enrol led in the

Hope College Vienna S u m m e r School s tudy-

tour p rog ram.

T h i s internat ional s u m m e r edition of the

A N C H O R is designed to acquaint the reader

with the purpose and scope of the Hope

College Vienna S u m m e r School p r o g r a m hy

providing in format ion on the activities, im-

pressions, and adven tu res of its s tudents .

ISSUE NUMBER ONE

EDI TORIAL S T A N FOR T H I S ISSUE:

Execut ive Editor

Managn ing Edi tor

Editorial Assistants

Rewri te

ypists

Layout Director

Advisor

Wilford A. Butler, J r .

Betty Jacks te i t

Richard Cook

Albert Fass le r

F. Robert Lehmeyer

Char les Lemmen

Carol V a n d e r M e e r

Doris M a r a n g e l o

T e r r y Szold

Nicholas VanderBerg

Chris VandenBerg

Dr. Paul G. Fried

Study Tour Introduces Hope Students To European Heritage, and Contemporary Affairs

Welcome to Vienna

We welcome you to the ever- increas ing list of f r iends

ol the Hope College Vienna S u m m e r School who will

be receiving the European edition of the Hope College

A N C H O R .

T h i s is the third consecutive year in which the

European edition of the A N C H O R has been published,

and we are most pleased to k n o w of the cont inu ing

interest shown by f o r m e r s tudents of the Vienna

Summer School, some of whom have younger b ro the r s

or sisters taking part in the p r o g r a m this year .

We hope that you will enjoy reading about our an-

ventures among o ther cu l tu res and peoples — our ex-

periences in in ternat ional living. And we hope tha t

this paper , sent to the pa ren t s and fr iends of Hope

College s tudents , f o r m e r par t ic ipants in the p r o g r a m ,

and f r iends ol the College, may m a k e a small contr i -

bution towards fu r the r ing in ternat ional unders t and ing

and cooperat ion. W'. A. H.

T H E DIRECTOR A N D S T A F F

O F THE

HOPE C O L L E G E

V IENNA SLIMMER S C H O O L

EXTEND GREETINGS

TO A L L

A L U M N I A N D FRIENDS.

June f) (Sat)

Depar tu re f rom New York on S. S. W a t e r m a n .

June 15.(tton) [ \ •* • ' '• ,

Arrival in Le Havre , France, t ravel to Paris. Lunch

at hotel, brief a f t e rnoon tour th rough Louvre. Evening s ightseeing tour of Paris.

June 16 (Tue)

Morning br ief ing at SHAPE H e a d q u a r t e r s in St.

Ge rma ine on European defense policies and N A ' F O

problems. Lunch at NA'FO off icers ' mess. Af t e r -

noon tour t h rough Versail les Palace and Gardens ,

followed by reception at Amer ican Librarv in Pans .

Ta lk on French colonial p rob lems and French poli-

tics by Dr. Ian Frazer , Library Director . Evening free.

June 1 j (Wed)

Trave l f rom Paris to Cha r t r e for tour of Go th ic

ca thedra l there and lunch. On to Amiens for brief

look at ca thedra l there and then to Bruges,

Belgium. Dinner at hotel upon arr ival . June /.S (Thu)

I rip to Brussels and briel ing on European C o m m o n

Marke t by Dr. Richard Mayne. Luncheon in down-

town re s t au ran t , followed by visit to Wa te r loo

ba t t l eg rounds and viewing of film on Napoleon.

Re turn to Bruges for dinner. Evening free for canal rides and exp lo r ing city.

June kj (i'ri)

Free morn ing in Bruges for p ic ture- tak ing and

shopping. D e p a r t u r e for A m s t e r d a m af te r lunch. Dinner in A m s t e r d a m , evening free.

June 20 (Sal)

T r i p f rom A m s t e r d a m to H a g u e for br ief ing in

Dutch Par l iament by Mr. Scheppel, Secretarv of

the Dutch Lower house on gove rnmen t and policies

ol the Ne the r l ands . Visit to the Peace Palace,

THE HAGUE PF.ACE PALACH where the World C o u n

Meets.

meet ing with Prof. Dr . Landher r , the l ibrar ian, and

conducted tour t h rough the seat of the Wor ld

Cour t . Lunch in Delf t and visit to f amous porce-

lain factory. Re tu rn to A m s t e r d a m and d inner

lollowed by visit to Concer tgebouw O r c h e s t r a where

the g r o u p hea rd a special concer t honor ing O s k a r

Back, f a m o u s Dutch violin teacher , on his 80th

bi r thday. A m o n g those a t tending were Fler Majes ty

Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, g r a n d m o t h e r of pre-

sent king, as well as many o the r dignitaries. June 21 (Sun)

G r o u p a t tended service at the English R e f o r m e d

Church in A m s t e r d a m . A n u m b e r of Dutch s tudents

joined the Hope g roup for lunch and acted as

guides in the a f t e rnoon for those who wan ted to

see the city. Also included in the a f t e rnoon ' s acti-

vities was a visit to the R i jk smuseum, conducted

by Dr. Michael Fink. Evening free for canal rides. June 22 (Man)

Trave l f rom A m s t e r d a m to Bad Godesberg , Ger-

many with a s top for second b reakfas t (ham and

eggs) at Arnhe im, and an extended stop at gothic

ca thedra l and modern pastry shop in Cologne.

Dinner in Park Hotel , Bad Godesberg . Evening free. June 2j (Tue)

Morning visit to G e r m a n Par l i ament in Bonn for br ief ing on cu r r en t Geman p rob lems by. Dr . Mar-

tin of the Chr is t ian Democra t ic Union and Frau

Dr. Maxsein , delegate f rom Berlin to G e r m a n Par-

l iament . Lunch in Bundestag Res tauran t . Stop in

d o w n t o w n Bonn for shopping and look at Beet-

hoven House . Af t e rnoon br ief ing in Amer ican Em-bassy in Mehlen . Evening f ree .

June 24 (Wed) • By bus f r o m \ Bad Godesbe rg to Boppard w h e r e

g roup errtbarked on Rhine River s t eamer for t r ip

to Lorelei and Bingcn. Lunch on shipboard and

lots of p ic tures of castles. Bus t ravel f rom Bingcn

to L u x e m b o u r g City, d inner at hotel , evening Iree

to listen to band concert o r window shopping.

June 25 (Thu) Morning f ree . T h e g roup was the luncheon guest

of European Coal and Steel C o m m u n i t y fol lowed

by br ief ings on European economic progress ,

l ivening f ree .

June 2() (I'ri) T r a v e l to Heide lberg , G e r m a n y , ar r iv ing in lime

for lunch. A f t e r n o o n free. Evening a t tendance at

a p e r f o r m a n c e of Verdi 's ,,'Fhe Troubadour 4 4 in

Heidelberg, O p e r a House.

June 27 (Sal) Trave l f rom Heidelberg to N u r n b e r g with stop in

ancient city of Schwabisch Hall . Lunch in historic

hotel. Dinner in N u r n b e r g , evening seeing opere t t a ,

„Countess Maritza4 4 , or l istening to concer ts of

In ternat ional O r g a n Festival.

June 28 (Sun)

Hope alumni luncheon.

June 2(j (Man)

Trave l to Munich . Late m o r n i n g free for shopping.

Lunch at R a t h a u s Square fol lowed by visit to Radio

Free Europe and br ief ing there . Late a f t e r n o o n

travel to Pocking near Munich for audience with

His Imper ia l Highness , D r . O t t o von H a p s b u r g

(son of the late E m p e r o r Cha r l e s of Austr ia and

p re tender to the Aus t r ian th rone) . Re turn to

Munich for late dinner , fo l lowed by opt ional visit

to the wel l -known Flofbrauhaus , where Hit ler got

his s tar t in politics.

June jo (Tue)

Trave l f r o m Munich to Innsb ruck , Aust r ia . Stop

lor visit to H o h e n s c h w a n g a u Cast le and pictures

of Newschwans te in Castle. Lunch at Fussen, drive

th rough Aust r ian mounta in passes. Dinner and

celebrat ion ot the Hinga s 34th wedding anniversa rv at hotel in Innsbruck .

/ (Wed)

Morning f ree for shopping, s ightseeing, or cable ca r

trips in I n n s b r u c k . D e p a r t u r e for Zel l -am-See a f t e r

lunch. Dinner and rain at Zel l -am-See . Evening

free for movies, br idge, o r Alpine e n t e r t a i n m e n t .

Jut]

ZELL-AM-SEE with a view of the Grossglockner .

July 2 (Thu)

Morning f ree in Zel l -am-See. D e p a r t u r e a f t e r lunch

lor drive t h rough picturesque mounta in and lake

country to Admon t . Dinner at hotel followed by slide lecture on Aus t r ian Alps.

July j (I'ri)

Morning visit to A d m o n t ' s f amous ba roque monas ta ry and l ibrary. Lunch at Leoben. Brief

pastry shop s top on top of the Semmcr ing Moun-

tain. Arr iva l in Vienna for d inner at Neuer M a r k t ,

meet ing of landladies, and get t ing settled in pr ivate homes.

July 4 (Sat)

Morning free. Lunch at Neuer M a r k t fol lowed by extended bus tour th rough city and coffee stop on

top of the Kah l enbe rg Mounta in . Evening, Inde-

pendence Day Par ty at A u e r s p e r g Palace with o the r Amer ican and Aus t r ian s tudents .

July 5 (Sun)

Protes tant service at Vienna Communi ty Church

nea r N e u e r M a r k t . Lunch at Inst i tute . Af t e rnoon and Evening f ree .

July 6 (Mon)

9.00 A.M. Vienna S u m m e r School classes begin.

J U L Y 1959 ' H O P E C O L L E G E A N C H O R — E U R O P E A N E D I T I O N P A G E T H R E E

I O W E R 1 N G H f C H ABOVE the rest of the city the Caihedra l at Char t res symbolizes the devotion and civic pride of

Medieval Europeans.

H O P E I T E S V I S I T C A T H E D R A L AT C H A R T R E S

Look . . . But Don't Touch' Shoppers Hunt Bargains,

Find Wallets Shrinking

E u r o p e is the placc for a person with a well-paclded

wal le t . Since o u r eyes are bigger than ou r pocket -

books , we are becoming of necessity wise shoppers .

Paris , city of fashions and pe r fumer i e s , opened her

a r m s wide fo r o u r Amer ican do l la rs and t rave lers

cheques . However , due to the prices, ou r Amer ican

mademoise l les soon learned to try on S60 dresses, smile,

and m o v e on to try on o t h e r outf i ts . Y a n k e e monsicurs ,

however , felt t r apped when sprayed with exot ic smell ing

scents, which the c lerk insisted were „bon t 4 fo r mothe r ,

or some nice young lady back home.

For the lover of lace, Bruges became a shopper ' s

paradise . In every shop window one saw samples of

the f ine n e e d l e w o r k . . . and young ladies thought of

hope chests back home just wait ing to be filled. Some

went unde r the pre tence of purchas ing for mo the r , but

within one h o u r o re honest shopper admit ted that

maybe she'd r a t h e r buy m o t h e r someth ing else, and

tuck this away for herself .

T u r n i n g an Amer ican shopper loose in the Delf t

fac tory in Hol land is like re leas ing a bull in an a rena .

Na tu ra l ly , those of us who hail f r o m Amer ica ' s T u l i p

T i m e city were par t icu lar ly enthused with the „ u n u s u a r 4

blue pa t te rn . However , few t rave le rs left Delf t wi thout

add ing to thei r gi f t collect ions some piece of po t te ry .

Immedia te ly a f t e r crossing the G e r m a n border , the

t r ave l e r began to d ream of cameras , clocks, china,

H u m m e l s , and Dresden f igurines. D r e a m s become a

te r r ib le reali ty when one is faced with a window lull

of cuckoo clocks, each di f ferent and more intricate than

the f i rs t . C a m e r a bugs got shu t t e r -happy at the prospect

of saving a few hundred dol lars on a Leica. Yet, the

beaut i fu l d r e a m popped when the t rave le r became

painful ly aware tha t his book of t rave le r ' s cheques was

now half empty .

Na tu ra l ly good buys are a lways passed up, and the

c o m m o n express ion hea r is, „Wel l , I'll buy it in

Aus t r i a" . Y o u n g ladies think of Bernard A l t m a n cash-

m e r e s lining s tore windows, and fel lows turn their

t hough t s to beer m u g s and Lcderhosen .

T h e t ragedy becomes all too c lear when the t rave le r notes his empty pocke tbook with visits still ahead. T h e

d r eamed of i tems seem to vanish a w a y . . . Engl ish

woolens and bone china, Swiss watches, Danish silver.

Le t te r s and wires head to the Sta tes : „Send more dollars44 .

Wi th an empty wallet and a s tuffed suitcase, the

Amer ican t r ave le r heads home to display his purchases

f r o m abroa rd . Will we ever learn to „ jus t look and not touch44?

Lynn Van't Hof

What Lies Behind HerSmile? A Look At The Louvre

W h a t does one th ink of when at last con f ron t ing the

f amed Mona Lisa? W h a t does one think of her smile

a f t e r hear ing such possible exp lana t ions as she had bad

teeth and was embar ras sed to smile complete ly , o r

she was expect ing a wee one soon and was oh-so-

conten ted? W h a t does one th ink when one s t r e t ches

and strains to view over and t h r o u g h a myr iad of

o t h e r s who are s t re tch ing and s t ra ining? In answer to

these questions, I can say, „Noi much, and ye t - someth-ing of value" .

T h e M o n a Lisa has gone the way of all too-well

publisized masterp ieces . It has been gaped and gawked

at by th rongs of tour is t s who have come to see what

all the fuss is about . T h e fuss has been m a d e by var ious

ar t is ts , phi losophers , and theologians who have copied

and publicized this paint ing in every count ry of the wor ld .

S tanding in the Louvre , I could not help th ink ing

t ha t the m a n y rounds of highly unl ikely exp lana t ions

and the t h r o n g s of avid l is teners were m o r e like a

s ideshow at the county fair than an audience t ru ly

apprecia t ive of a g rea t work of ar t . T h i s pa r t i cu la r

w o r k of a r t would have to be a lmost o the r -wor ld ly to

wi ths tand the visual and oral s t r ipping it has received

since it was painted. T h i s pe rhaps is what can be

carr ied away f r o m the Mona Lisa and the Louvre — a

feeling tha t in spite of all tha t has been said about the

g r ea t paint ing, someth ing of value is there . Despite

the obs t ruc t ing c rowds and the lack of t ime-approx ima-

tely twenty minu tes to see the Winged Victory, Venus

de Milo, and the M o n a Lisa —- mos t of the g r o u p had the desire to come back and look again. I k n o w tha t I will be back very soon.

Terry Szold

A f t e r leaving Paris, we looked fo rward to our visit

to Char t r e s , the ca thedra l of ten considered to be the

most explicit example of French Goth ic Archi tec ture .

T h e Gothic charac ter i s t ics arc evident t h roughou t the

entire ca thedra l , except for the facade. As we walked

to the ca thedra l , we were con f ron t ed with a non-

symmetr ica l facade, consist ing of two completely dif-

ferent spires. On ou r left we saw Goth ic a rch i t ec tu re

and on our r ight Romanesque .

Upon enter ing the ca thedra l we were very impressed

with its s t ruc tu re and its consequent beauty . From the

en t r ance ou r vision was immedia te ly d r a w n th rough

the nave to the a l ta r . Because the c o l u m n s border ing

the nave converge at var ious points on the ceiling, the

worsh ipper ' s a t tent ion is d rawn upwards to heaven. W e

noted that the archi tec t had succeeded in creat ing the

feeling of being lifted r a the r than the feel ing of hea-

viness which is so p reva len t in R o m a n archi tec ture .

T h e columns, spaced closely toge ther , a lso draw the

worsh ipper down the length of the nave to the a l t a r

wi thou t a l lowing him to be dis t racted by activity in the

side aisles. A rhy thmic feeling of speeding toward the

a l ta r is in te r rupted by the open expanse of the t r ans -

cept. T h e resul t ing decelera t ion crea tes an a tmosphe re

of # reverence and humbleness before enter ing the

sanc tuary .

W e were told tha t the length of the ca thedra l cha-

racter izes the hope of e ternal life. T h e architect pro-

moted this by placing the en t rance to the ca thedra l in

the west and the a l t a r in the east. T h e en t rance is the

symbol of death and is the re fore placed in the west

w h e r e the sun sets. T h e a l t a r is a symbol of e t e rna l

life and is t he re fo re placed in the east where the sun rises.

Ano the r th ing which is charac ters t ic of Gothic archi-

tec ture is the pointed arch. Again this is in comple te

con t ras t to R o m a n archi tec ture . T h e R o m a n s used a

round arch which crea tes a sense of bulkiness , whereas

Group Helps Hingas Celebrate 34th Anniversary

Stra ins of „Happy Anniversary4 4 filled the air at

desser t t ime in I n n s b r u c k , Aust r ia on June 30th, as

Hope College Vienna S u m m e r School s t a f fe r s M r . and

Mrs. Mil ton L. Hinga were honored by the g r o u p on

thei r 34th wedding ann iversa ry . A many- t i e red Aus t r i an

wedding cake was served for desser t as Mrs. Hinga

was presented with a bouque t of roses .

M r . Koutny , D i r ec to r of the Ins t i tu te of Eu ropean

Studies, was a special guest at the anniversary d inner .

Hinga , Dean of s tuden ts at Hope Col lege said t h a t :

„ T h e most en joyab le ann iversa ry of the thir ty fou r was

ce lebra ted with o u r sixty adopted children, two

„nephews4 4 (busdr ivers Leopold and G e r h a r t ) and

„uncles44 Dr . Paul G. Fried and Dr . M. Fink.44

M r . and Mrs . H i n g a have been m a r r i e d thir ty f o u r

years . Mr . Hinga has been at Hope College for twenty

e ight years . D u r i n g this t imes the H ingas have been

„ M o t h e r and Father4 4 to hundreds of Hope College stu-

dents . Besides thei r „adopted44 chi ldren the Hingas have

two chi ldren of thei r own and five g randch i ld ren .

Anne UPiegennk

the French if. hie style a l lows for a light, l i f t ing

feeling. Ano i • charac te r i s t ic of the Gothic a rch is

tha t it l iberat the archi tect f r o m any necessity of

cons t ruc t ing the co lumns at equal dis tances in o r d e r to

establish a u n i f o r m height . Wi th the R o m a n archi tec-

ture , unequal spacing of co lumns is impossible.

We were in fo rmed that a large iron screen had

previously been p resen t between the a l t a r and the nave.

T h i s screen was a symbol of the separa t ion of the

priestly o rde r and the worldly worshippers . However ,

the worsh ipper was permi t ted to walk a round the back

of the a l t a r in the a rea which is called the ambu la to ry .

T h e ambu la to ry as well as the side aisles now house

smal l chapels for individual worship , but they were

former ly used to house p i lgr ims who had been tra-

velling all day. T h i s is one of the reasons why the

ca thedra l s were built so large .

O u r a t tent ion was then cal led to the but t resses which

arc located on the outside of the ca thedra l . W e were

told tha t they suppor t the e n o r m o u s weight of the

ca thedra l wal ls and ceiling. T h e f lying bu t t ress is a

character is t ic pa r t of the Goth ic ca thedra l .

As we looked again at the in ter ior of the ca thedra l ,

we noticed the beau t i fu l s ta ined glass windows. T h e s e

windows con t r ibu te to the f a m e of Char t r e s , f o r it is

the only old French ca thedra l with all of its o r ig ina l

windows. Each side window p o r t r a y s a unique scene

in beaut i fu l colors . But it is the rose window above the

en t rance which is mos t effect ive. Look ing at it, we

lound ou r eyes aga in d rawn upwards and we received

a feeling of reverence f rom its rich blue color . W h i l a

leaving we saw again the g r ea t unity of the ca thedra l

of Char t r e s . For we r e m e m b e r e d tha t we had been

lifted upward spir i tual ly as we entered , and as we were

leaving the same feeling w a s created within us. Each

of us left with a feel ing of reverence and awe.

Winona Keizer

The Institute

of European Studies

Welcomes

Faculty and Students

of the

Fourth

Hope College

Vienna Summer School

P A G E F O U R H O P E C O L L E G E A N C H O R — E U R O P E A N E D I T I O N J U L Y .959

Austrian Emperor's Son

Receives Hope Group

In Special Audience O u r las t scheduled br ie f ing dur ing the the s tudy- tour

look p lace in a small town near Munich. Dr . Fried had

told us t ha t we were to be received in an audience by

A r c h d u k e O t t o von H a p s b u r g and tha t accord ing to

protocol we ough t to address him as „ Y o u r Imper i a l

M a j e s t y " since he is the son of the last Aus t r i an

e m p e r o r and the p re t ende r to the Aus t r i an th rone .

We t h e r e f o r e expected to find a pompous m an , living

in the pas t and concerned mainly with e t t iquet te and

titles. Ins tead , we were surpr ised to meet and ex t r eme ly

c h a r m i n g and fr iendly young man , who can easily

qual i fy as one of Europe ' s leading intellectuals.

A r c h d u k e O t t o received us in the s tudy of his un-

p re ten t ious home n e a r the S ta rnberg Lake . Speaking

in per fec t English he r e fe r r ed to his m a n y visits to the

United Sta tes and to Michigan and to the impor tance

he a t t r ibu ted to mee t ing with young Amer icans . His

c o m m e n t s on Aus t r i an politics showed tha t , though he

has been exiled f r o m his own country , he is very well

i n fo rmed on her a f fa i r s and has a real concern for

he r people . He c o m m e n t e d on Aus t r i a ' s r e m a r k a b l e

economic recovery dur ing the past few years , which

is ail the m o r e no tewor thy since Austr ia is still saddled

with heavy repa ra t ions p a y m e n t s to Russia. T h e Arch-

duke then commen ted on Aust r ia ' s position between

East and West , express ing the opinion tha t she would

e i ther have to join the C o m m o n Marke t , or some kind

of s imi la r a r r a n g e m e n t with the West, o r fall into the

Soviet orb i t .

T u r n i n g to the topic of the Cold W a r , O t t o von

H a p s b u r g m a d e some r a the r helpful commen t s . He

pointed to the s igning of the Austr ian State T r e a t y in

' 955 , by which the Russ ians agreed to wi thdraw f rom Aust r ia , as the tu rn ing point in favor of the West .

His tory has demons t r a t ed that Russia cannot fight

both Eas t and West at the same t ime. In the period

immedia te ly a f te r Wor ld W a r I I Russia could expand

in E u r o p e because she was not endange red by any

power in the East. But today, Russia faces the d i lemma

of bo th a s t rong Eas t and a s t rong West .

T h e Archduke , who has not only t ravel led extensi -

vely in China , India , and o the r par t s of the Fa r East ,

but ha s had political discussions with leaders in all

pa r t s of the world , pointed out that though at present

China still depends on Russ ian aid, she will become

se l f -suff ic ient by 1962. W h e n this t ime comes, Russia

will no longer have any control ove r China, which

a l ready aspires to t ake over as leader of the Communi s t

Wor ld . In view of China ' s g rowing industr ial , mil i tary,

and poli t ical power and pres t ige it is very possible that

by 1971 she will succcd Russia .

T h i s is one of the real fears which the Russian

leaders have at p resen t . H o w st rongly the Russ ians feel

about excluding the Chinese f rom in terna t ional dis-

cussions, and par t icu lar ly f r o m any Summit Meet ing,

may be i l lustrated by the cu r ren t four power t a lks in

Geneva . According to O t t o von H a p s b u r g the Russ ians

chose to m a k e Berlin the issue, because this is the only

possible point of confl ict between East and West which

does not concern anyone except the W a r - t i m e „Big

F o u r " so tha t the Chinese could have no legit imate

c la im to a t tend these discussions.

C o m m e n t i n g on the prospects for peaceful co-

exis tance between Russ ia and the Wes t , the Aus t r i an

A r c h d u k e quoted a r e m a r k which Khruschev is said to

have m a d e to the British Pr ime Minis ter MacMi l lan

r ecen t ly : „ W e both wear silk shir ts — sooner o r later

we will come to an ag reemen t . T h e Russ ian leaders

are o ld and they en joy the comfo r t s of „bourgeo i s"

life, t h r e f o r e it is unl ikely that they will risk a war .

N o n e the less, the Wes t mus t drive a ha rd ba rga in and

can no t r e l ax its gua rd .

Fo r near ly two hours the m a n w h o m we were told

to address as „ Y o u r Imper ia l M a j e s t y " ta lked and

answered o u r quest ions m o r e f r a n k l y and openly than

any of us had expected. He demons t ra t ed such a broad

k n o w l e d g e of wor ld af fa i rs , and so m u c h poise and

pe r sona l c h a r m tha t even the mos t an t i -monarch is t Repub l icans and D e m o c r a t s a m o n g us came away with

a feel ing that , g iven the oppor tun i ty to r e t u r n to the

t h r o n e of his f a t h e r in Aust r ia , A r c h d u k e O t t o migh t

well become a m o s t popu la r en l ightened m o n a r c h and

that , pe rhaps , t he r e was someth ing to be said for m o n a r c h y , a f t e r all .

Ralph Wright

Sounds and Color Of Parisian Market Enchant Early Rising Explorers

Place: Right bank of Paris, just beyond the Louvre .

T i m e : 2:00 a. m . to 6:00 a. m.

In a s idewalk cafe in Paris we met some s tudents

f r o m the S o r b o n n e who told us tha t if we wanted to

see the real Paris and not just the s ight-seer ' s Paris,

we ought to visit the Centra l M a r k e t . It is here that

the g rocers and retai l dealers come to purchase whole-

sale their frui ts , vegetables , fish, and mea t for the

day. At 1 :^o a. m. we began winding ou r way towards

the Seine River , ac ross the bridge, and to the M a r k e t

on the Right Bank of Par is . T h e part of the city

th rough which we had been walk ing was relat ively

quiet , until we began approach ing the vicinity of the

M a r k e t . T h e r e all was bed l am!

Big vans with g e a r s gr inding, pick-up t rucks ra t t l ing,

people bus t l ing here and there shout ing ins t ruct ions —

this was the scene tha t met us. As we walked f u r t h e r

the city came m o r e alive. With o u r eyes wide with

Summer Schoolers Find Ten Day Ocean Trip

Interesting and Relaxing

E D I T O R ' S N O T E : hi this article, tour membsr

George Birdsong recounts some of the highlights

oj the voyage from New York to Le Harvre,

France aboard the student ship, the S. S. Water-

man.

T h e boat itself wasn ' t bad at all a f t e r one became

accus tomed to it. However , it took a couple of days

before mos t of us got the feel of the ship.

O u r s t a t e rooms were c rowded. T h e r e was room

enough for two people to s tand between the beds, if

both weighed less than 150 pounds and stood sideways.

Everyone had two square feet of room and three cubic feet of air all to himself .

One of the in teres t ing fea tu res of the tr ip was the

smal l Indones ian boys tha t served as cabin s tewards .

Some of us found Indones ian names hard to p ronounce .

Fo r e x a m p l e : Moes t emar became M o n t e z u m a , shor-

tened f u r t h e r to „Mo" . Indones ian men a lso served as

wai te rs on the ship. T h e dining hall s t ewards and cooks were Dutch .

Late one evening some of us visited the ki tchen to

raid the icebox. We found, to o u r a m u s e m e n t , tha t

some of the cooks wore wooden shoes. Visiting the

k i t chens soon became a r e g u l a r ear ly m o r n i n g habit .

Since there were 800 of us on board we had to eat

in th ree shifts. Mos t of us were fo r tuna t e enough to

eat du r ing the th i rd sitting, which the capta in said was

the only „respeclable h o u r " for anyone to dine. T o

announce each mea l , a little Indones ian boy went

t h rough the halls p laying the chimes. He sounded like Lionel H a m p t o n .

Shipboard mea l s were extensive. We found it amus ing

to note the m a n y di f ferent names for the same soup.

No m a t t e r what the menu said, one could a lways pre-

dict the f lavor and consistency.

Rough wea the r was in the off ing, the captain an-

nounced one evening . He requested tha t everyone go

to bed for the res t of the evening. T h i s request was

received with cheers f r o m everyone , except the seasick.

T h e m o v e m e n t w a s directed not to the cabins, but to

the s te rn where s inging was heard until a f t e r 3 a. m .

Oddly enough, everyone ' s favor i te song seemed to be

about the s inking of the T i t a n i c ; „ T h e Night when

that Grea t Ship W e n t D o w n . " It was ra in ing and fo r fun several passengers donned ba th ing suits.

T h e wea the r tu rned ou t wet, but no t very rough ,

and tha t night proved to be one of the mos t en joyab le on boa rd ship.

A Du tch s tudent o rganiza t ion , NBBS, r an the or ien-

ta t ion p r o g r a m on the ship. In addit ion to movies and

p r o g r a m s for f un , they sponsored educat ional lectures

and discussions on such topics as „ T h e European View of A m e r i c a n s " and the Berlin Crisis.

Being on a s tudent ship provided a w o n d e r f u l

oppor tun i ty to m a k e p lans for mee t ing toge ther with

fel low passengers while in Europe as well as in the United States.

A f t e r m o r e t h a n a week on the wa te r it was good to see land. W e waited overn igh t in Le H a v r e fo r

French cus toms off icers to inspect ou r baggage . T h e

next m o r n i n g we left the ship and boarded o u r cha r t e red busses to begin o u r t ravel in Europe .

George Birdsong

a m a z e m e n t , we wandered for blocks and blocks t h rough

mazes of frui t stalls, car ts , t rucks , and vegetable s tands .

Here w a s a Paris about which one pract ical ly never

heard.

All That Lucious Food These Par is ians k n o w how to display merchandise in

an in teres t ing fashion, even if it is only vegetables . Fo r

example , cra tes and c ra t e s of a r t i chokes were s tacked

upon each o ther , and somehow the top c ra te w a s

a r r a n g e d on a slant so that the Kel ly-green petals of

the a r t i chokes would catch the a t tent ion of prospect ive

buyers . T h e da rk , sweet cherr ies , big, lucious s t r aw-

berr ies , petite yellow peaches, round ye l low-green

lettuce heads, and f resh ly dug pota toes were a r r a n g e d

in a s imi lar m a n n e r , and m a d e a mos t co lo r fu l display.

We wandered th rough the dimly lit s t reets , dodging

people while they unloaded their t r ucks and set up

their goods.

Anyone For a Steak? A new smell filled the air and upon fol lowing o u r

noses, we c a m e to a large building in which rows and

rows of f reshly butchered cows, sheep, hogs, and wha t -

ever else Par is ians eat for meat , h u n g upon hooks .

Men in red-stained whi te aprons were un load ing the

meat .

One Small Box Walk ing on, ou r eyes lighted upon c ra t e s of per-

fectly fo rmed deep red raspberr ies , and ou r m o u t h s

wate red . A t t e m p t i n g to buy one smal l box out of a

comple te c ra te was no easy feat, as the French sel ler

wanted us to buy the whole cra te . In spite of o u r

limited French, w> m a n a g e d to get o u r point across and

cont inued down the s t reet ea t ing the sweet raspber r ies .

French Onion Soup By then it was about 3:00 a. m. and fash ionable

young men and w o m e n , coming f r o m the n ight c lubs

and operas , were beg inn ing their night ly p a r a d e t h r o u g h

the s t ree ts of the M a r k e t to the cafes for the t radi t ional

cus tom of onion soup and red wine. Fol lowing the i r

example , we s topped at a cafe also. S teaming bowls of

soup were set be fore us — onion soup with gooey

cheese and c h u n k s of French bread in it. Pe rhaps we

were ex t ra hungry o r m a y b e it was the a tmosphe re ,

but we found it mos t delicious and fi l l ing! Finally

about 4:00 a. m. we decided we should begin to head back to the hotel .

Tennis Shoes in Paris?

T o find o u r way t h r o u g h the m a z e of f rui ts , vege-

tables, people, and t rucks took some t ime. Passing a

stand of smal l green onions, our a t ten t ion was d r a w n

to two F r e n c h m a n who were s tanding with their be re t s

jaunt i ly placed on thei r heads. Point ing the i r hands at

our feet and exc la iming loudly, „Les soul iers , les sou-

liers", (the shoes), they appeared much amused by

what we were wear ing on ou r feet. A couple of us had

on bobby socks and whi te tennis shoes, someth ing never

worn by Europeans . We laughed with them and con-t inued on o u r way.

We passed old, wr ink led- face men pul l ing their smal l

car t s with var ious select ions of f ru i t s and vegetables .

Apparen t ly they were on thei r way to d i f fe ren t sections

of the city where to wander up and down s t ree t s

h a w k i n g thei r merchand i se for the benefi t of the house-wives.

Au Revoir G o i n g by the d o o r w a y s of churches , s tores , and pen-

sions, we saw m e n cur led up, newspape r s fo r a pi l low

and their coats fo r a cover. H e r e and the re on the

s idewalks, r a the r inconvenient ly located, were old, g r ay -

hai red w o m e n in b lack coats , hats, shoes, and s tockings,

s t re tched ou t fast asleep. Found on every o ther s tep

leading down to the Metro , o r subway, were m e n snor ing,

their faces covered with newspapers . We all shivered

with cold fo r these people, who were apparen t ly only

concerned with the immedia te prospect of get t ing sleep.

O n t h r o u g h the s t reets , to the Seine River and o u t of

the t raf f ic of people, vans and merchand ise , we s topped

for a last look. Beyond the mass of confus ion , the sky

was tu rn ing a golden pink. We r eg re t fu l l y tu rned ou r

backs to a mos t in t r igu ing exper ience in a Paris t ha t is

a lmos t u n k n o w n to touris ts . Mary Hoffmyer

J U L Y 1959 H O P E C O L L E G E A N C H O R — E U R O P E A N E D I T I O N P A G E FIVE

Fourth of July Celebration In Historic Auersperg Palace Welcomes American Students To Vienna Summer Session

T H E FORMAL S E T T I N G —

A beaut i fu l Baroque palace m o r e than two hundred

and fifty years old, a huge ba l l room with crystal chan-

deliers, painted ceiling and shining parque t f loors

where G l u c k and M o z a r t had once p e r f o r m e d their

musical mas terp ieces for Count Auer spe rg and his

Imperial gues ts became the scene of a r a t h e r d i f ferent ce lebra t ion the day a f t e r ou r arr ival in Vienna.

1 he Ins t i tu te of European Studies, which provides

the facili t ies used by the Hope College S u m m e r School,

had a r r a n g e d a special Independence Day and Welcome

to Vienna party for us on the evening of Ju ly Four th .

T h e fo rma l a r r a n g e m e n t s of the buffet supper , the

s t ra ins of Viennese walzes, and the palat ial su r round-

ings made us feel that we might well have been t rans-

ported back into the period of Empress Mar ia The re sa .

Soon the Aust r ian s tudents , who had been invited to

join with the Hope and Oberl in s tuden t s for this

occasion, were t ry ing to teach the more dar ing of the Amer i cans how to wal tz .

Now and then, however , the music changed abrupt ly

and the chande l ie r s looked down with surpr ise upon a

g roup ol young A m e r i c a n s doing their more popu la r

tribal dances and teaching them to their Aust r ian

fr iends. Perhaps the Ins t i tu te of European Studies could

have found no be t te r way of i l lus t ra t ing its own ob jec - '

tives and those of o u r own stay in Vienna: to learn to

apprecia te the cul tura l her i tage of Europe w i t h o j t

forge t t ing ou r own t radi t ion , so thai we mav be able to

feel at h o m e in both worlds.

Anway, ou r t h a n k s to Mr . and Mrs. Kou tny , Mr . and

Mrs . Giese, and all the o the r m e m b e r s of the staff of

the Ins t i tu te of Eu ropean Studies for a mos t del ightful

in t roduct ion to Vienna. T h i s is an Independence Day celebrat ion we will a lways r e m e m b e r .

Radio Free Europe Broadcasts News and Truth Finds Eager Listeners In Communist Countries

Radio Free Europe is essentially what the name

indicates — an extensive ne twork of radio broadcas t ing

which spreads the true events of the world to the

people living in the Communi s t -domina t ed countr ies

of Europe . T o do this effectively is no smal l task, and

consequent ly requires considerable p lann ing and or-

ganiza t ion . T h e p r o g r a m m i n g of RFC is based on

hour ly newscasts , with the r ema inde r of the time

devoted to b roadcas t s of a cu l tura l na tu re r ang ing f rom

d r a m a to popular music. Genera l opinion has shown

that the news broadcas ts are the . mos t popu la r pro-

g rams , so special care is taken to provide the latest up- to- the-minute news.

I he news staff of RFE is so t ho rough and efficient

that many times it has compiled coverage of events

and had it on the air before the Communi s t s have

had a chance to p repare their p ropaganda concerning

the events. T h e newsroom of RFE in Munich handles

250,000 words daily, which are edited, t rans la ted , and

distr ibuted to the var ious sections of RFE within the h o u r they are received.

R F E gleans its news f r o m a wide variety of sources, including the usual teletype services and a n u m b e r of

its own cor responden ts located t h roughou t the worid.

Th i r ty - l ive radio s ta t ions in the C o m m u n i s t countr ies

are moni to red to pick up stories which or ig inate behind the I ron Cur ta in .

In actuali ty. Rad io Free Europe is five s tat ions in

one, as it b roadcas t s to five separa te countr ies , to each

in its own nat ional language. P r o g r a m s cover a range

of subjects s imilar to any domest ic rad io stat ion,

a l though the emphas is is placed on the fast and accu-

ra te presenta t ion of news. T h e average b roadcas t day

r u n s about nineteen hours , but if events mer i t b road-

cast ing for a longer period, as was the case dur ing the

Hungar i an revolut ion, round- the-c lock repor t ing is not

u n c o m m o n . T h e effect iveness of RFE as an o r g a n of

t ru th can be best measured by the e f fo r t s of the

C o m m u n i s t s to j a m its broadcas ts . It is es t imated that

ihe Communis t s spend twice as much money a t t empt -

ing to j am the broadcas t s of R F E as R F E itself spends

in p r o g r a m m i n g . In o rde r to counter this jammi. ig ,

R F E broadcas ts s imul taneous ly on several dif ferent

f requencies . For example , in Poland, a l is tener can get

R F E on eight d i f ferent channels , thus m a k i n g the task

of j a m m i n g very diff icult . Every day at midnight a

s a t u r a t i o n e f fec t " is achieved by beaming all 22 t rans-

mi t te r s at one a rea , usual ly an area which has been j a m m e d most consistent ly.

Cont inous tapes are made of every broadcas t and

these a re stored indefinitely. A f t e r the Hunga r i an

uprising in 1956, RFE was accused of inciting the

H u n g a r i a n s to r iot , but a ju ry acquit ted the stat ion

a l t e r l is tening to the tapes ol its b roadcas t s du r ing the previous period.

Pe rhaps the mos t ou t s t and ing fea ture of RFE is the

fact that it is suppor ted ent i re ly by cont r ibu t ions f rom

individuals and corpora t ions . People all over the free

world a re responsible for this spreading of t ru th to their fel low men behind the I ron Cur ta in .

Charles Mantle

Rain Fails To Dampen Alps Climbing over rocky moun ta in

Skipping rivulet and founta in

Passing where the wil lows quiver

By the ever- rol l ing r iver

Swollen with the s u m m e r rain

T h e s u m m e r ra in!

IP. S. Gilbert, Pirates of Penzance

Sir W . S. Gi lber t ' s words seem s ingular ly appro-priate in descr ibing the Hope College g roup ' s recent

Alpine journey in that the mounta in s t r e ams so

dex te rous ly t raversed by those two redoub tab le stal-

war t s Leopold and G e r h a r d were indeed swol len with

the s u m m e r rain. Fo r tuna t e ly though , the generous

precipi ta t ion which dogged the g roup like gr im Nemesis

f r o m Heide lberg all the way to Vienna did not succeed

in dampen ing the spiri ts of the s tudents who enjoyed the tr ip t ho rough ly .

T h e t r ip f rom Innsb ruck to Zel l -am-See was part i-

cularly beaut i fu l , the m o u n t a i n peaks sh rouded in

clouds, while the m o r e low-lying clouds nest l ing in the

valleys between two peaks gave the effect of great

quant i t ies ol s m o k e aris ing f r o m the fir forest which

hugs the mounta in sides. W h e n we were graced with a

sudden shaf t of sunl ight b reak ing t h r o u g h the cloud

curtain on to a peak or val ley the scene was pe rhaps

even m o r e s ta r t l ing and effect ive than had we had con-

stant sunshine . T h e n too, the dense m o u n t a i n forests,

so thick tha t the sunl ight did not pene t ra te directly

but r a t h e r pervaded t h e m with a congenia l g loom,

provided an admi rab le backd rop for the myr i ads of

little b r o w n men scur ry ing mer r i ly about on thei r daily

tasks, t r ipping ove r their pointed shoes and swear ing quaint old G e r m a n imprecat ions .

F. Robert Lehmeyer

s .

$

Ellen Schwarz and John Tysse add the in formal touch.

European Unity Stressed At Coal And Steel Briefing

An ideal for eventua l Eu ropean economic and politi-

cal unity was presented to the Hope Col lege Vienna

S u m m e r School g r o u p when they visited the head-

q u a r t e r s of the European C o m m o n M a r k e t in Brussels

and the headquar t e r s of the European Coal and Steel

Communi ty in L u x e m b o u r g . Dr . R icha rd Mayne, in

Brussels, and Mile. Sequin and Rene Renckens , in

Luxembourg , related m a n y of the s ame facts and ex-

pressed many of the same ideas in thei r br ief ings.

In his presenta t ion of the historical backg round of

the C o m m o n Marke t and of the E u r o p e a n communi ty

as a whole, Dr . Mayne discussed fou r pe r iods : that of complete economic disunity, the pos t -Wor ld W a r II

recons t ruc t ion , the recons t ruc t ion f r o m 1950, and the

present t ransi t ion period. T h e present period is m a r k e d

by the a t tempt to establ ish f ree and p e r m a n e n t a r r an -

gemen t for the m o v e m e n t of goods a m o n g European

countr ies . Dr . Mayne also discussed the gove rnmen ta l

o rgan iza t ion and in terna l s t ruc tu re of the C o m m o n

M a r k e t . His ou t look was an optimist ic o n e : he saw the

European communi ty of na t ions as a second Amer ica ,

a s t rong bloc of f ree wor ld states uni ted in the f ight

agains t C o m m u n i s m . He felt tha t this unity would soon become political as well as economic.

In Luxembourg , M r . Rene Renckens , Di rec to r of the

In fo rma t ion Service of the Coal and Steel Communi ty ,

spoke briefy again on the economic and polit ical devel-

o p m e n t of the European c o m m u n i t y of nat ions , par t i -

cular ly as it is emerg ing the European Coa l and Steel

Communi ty . A d i f ferent aspect of this new c o m m u n i t y

— its social p rob lems and goals — was discussed by

Mile. Sequin of the Labo r Prob lems Division of the

Communi ty . She pointed to the aim of her o rgan i za t i on :

to increase p roduc t ion and wages and thus raise the

s t andard of living, and to decrease u n e m p l o y m e n t by

m a k i n g possible a f r ee m o v e m e n t of l abor among the

m e m b e r countr ies . Better housing, accident prevent ion,

hospi ta l izat ion, .and social securi ty p r o g r a m s are pa r t

of the way in which the Labo r P r o b l e m s Division is

beginning to raise the s t anda rd of living of w o r k e r s in

the six countr ies which have joined the Coal and Steel Communi ty .

T h e optimist ic views of Mr . R e n c k e n s and Mile.

Sequin, like those of Dr . Mayne , included the hope tha t

the European c o m m u n i t y of na t ions would soon develop

a polit ical unity as an o u t g r o w t h of its economic unity.

1 hat this s t r eng then ing of the economic and political

unity of Europe will be the best m e a n s of defea t ing

C o m m u n i s m is pe rhaps the mos t s t r ik ing conclus ion

which we carr ied away f r o m these in teres t ing br ief ings

in Belgium and L u x e m b o u r g . Doris Marangelo

PAGE SIX H O P E C O L L E G E A N C H O R — E U R O P E A N E D I T I O N J U L Y 1959

West Germany Makes

Startling Economic Gains

Free lime 10 shop is a lways a welcome b reak f rom

long hours of t ravel , and we spent m u c h t ime admir ing

the beaut iful shopping distr icts of G e r m a n y though we

soon realized tha t go ing into shops could do con-

siderable damage to o u r ever dwindl ing supply of t ra-

velers checks.

As we strol led down the s t ree t s of Munich , Cologne,

Heidelberg and o the r G e r m a n cities we found it a lmos t

impossible to believe tha t less than fif teen years ago

G e r m a n y had been little m o r e than a s m o k i n g heap

of rubble and desolat ion, b r o u g h t on by Hi t le r ' s war .

Today, only a few back s t reets and out ly ing distr icts

show the scars of the Second Wor ld War . Most of the

cities we visited show signs of aler t and energet ic

prosper i ty , easily ma tch ing the life of any city in the

United States.

As late as 1948 G e r m a n y showed few signs of reco-

very f rom the war . T h e coun t ry was split into four

zones, industry lay p ros t ra te , e x p o r t s were a lmost non-

existent , and some ten million re fugees f r o m the East

had to be housed in the West . Yet, the past d e c a d e

has brought unprecedented prosper i ty back to the

western par t of G e r m a n y , now k n o w n as the G e r m a n

Federal Republic, so tha t today Wes te rn G e r m a n y has

again become one of the weal th ies t and s t ronges t

countr ies in Europe .

'This comeback has been called the Wirtscballswun-

der, the economic mirac le , and that it is. Many reasons

have been given for this mi rac le : a free economy, a

sound cur rcny , the diligence and technical skill of the

G e r m a n worke r , and last but not least, the Marsha l l

Plan aid given by the United States to help G e r m a n y

back to her feet. T h o u g h we may explain the reasons

for this Wi r t s cha f t swunde r , no one who has not actual ly

seen the thr iving prosper i ty of G e r m a n y and the new

pride the G e r m a n s have in their count ry can fully

apprecia te the ex ten t or s ignif icance of the mirack-

which has occured here in the past ten years .

William Dean

Dutch Briefings Emphasize Nationalism-internationalism

' fi . . -v

O n our f irst day of t ravel ing th rough Hol land ' s neat

countryside, we were str iving to soak up all that could

be seen — the windmil ls , the sails of boats on the

canals , the flat, wel l - tended fa rmlands , the bicycle

paths , and the Dutch „cos tumcs" .

'The fol lowing day we began to see that , a l though

we might know m u c h about the social, cul tura l , and

historical roles of the Nether lands , we were r a t h e r

vague concerning her internal political o rganiza t ion .

In a br ief ing at the Dutch Par l iament in the Hague ,

Mr. Scheppel, the p e r m a n e n t secretary of the Lower

Chamber , helped us to bridge this gap. Besides learn ing

someth ing about the political processes by which

g o v e r n m e n t s are fo rmed in a const i tut ional mona rchy

and the fact that the present coalit ion gove rnmen t is

made up of five m a j o r political part ies , we discovered

tha t the Dutch are intensely nationalist ic, that they

are proud of their smal l count ry , and that they are

filled with unques t ioning devotion and respect for thei r

queen.

A spirit of in te rna t iona l i sm r a t h e r than nat ional ism

was apparen t , however , at ou r next brief ing, which was

held at the Hague Peace Palace. Physically, the Palace,

buil t in 1913 largely by means of a gif t f rom Andrew

Carnegie , ' is a symbol of world co-opera t ion . A m c ^ g

the in ternat ional g i f t s in the Palace arc o rna t e rugs

f r o m Persia, delicate tapestr ies f rom Japan , Ming vase*

f r o m China, m a r b l e f rom D e n m a r k , and .a miniatr i re

„Chris t of the A n d e s " donated by Argen t ina .

More s ignif icant , of course, are the purposes for

which the Peace Palace is used which i l lustrate in ter-

na t ional co-operat ive ef for t , e f for t directed toward

world peace and unders tand ing . T h e Peace Palace

serves as a mee t ing place for the In te rna t iona l Cour t

of Justice, and it is the home of the In te rna t iona l Cour t

of Arb i t ra t ion .

T h o u g h relatively few cases have been b r o u g h t

before the In te rna t iona l Cour t of Just ice, there has

been an increase in both the n u m b e r and the im-

por tance of the cases placed before it. We left the

Peace Palace, the re fo re , sha r ing the d r e a m of A n d r e w

Carnegie that s o m e day the old n a r r o w na t iona l i sm

will give way to a world of in te rna t iona l o r d e r and the

amicable se t t l ement of disputes be tween nat ions .

Barbara Emmick

Time Stands Still In Picturesque Bruges

CANALS OF BRUGES at tract tourists and photographers .

'The ancient canals of Bruges, which were used

dur ing the four teen th century to car ry the t raff ic of

the world , haye become one of the few places where a

person can brood in a medieval a tmosphere . Dur ing

this golden age the n a r r o w channels were bust l ing with

merchan t ships of every flag. It is said tha t s t r ange r s

used to f lock to Bruges to hear the latest news f rom

all four co rne r s of the globe. 'This g rea t prosper i ty ,

however , depended on a small th read of a river called

the Zwyn, and in the early par t of the s ix teenth cen-

tury a heavy sill fo rmed in the river. Despera te e f fo r t s

proved in vain against the crippling silt, and soon

Bruges . fe l l by the wayside in world t r ade leaving only

a p ic turesque shell of the past g lory . It is this dea th

as a world port that has left the village u n m a r r e d hy

huge steel c ranes and unsl ightly warehouses .

History s u r r o u n d s the tourist who glides t h rough

the canals in a excurs ion boat . Buildings such as the

stately Belfry, built in 1282, and the wea thered G r u u t -

house, which houses a 500 year old lace collection,

are hut a few of the r emains of g rea tness gone by.

Whi le on a boat tour , a s ightseer passes under the

ta t te red St. Boniface bridge, over which passed some of

the most noted k ings of the time. F u r t h e r down the

canal one can see the „Lac d ' A m o u r " , which was the

cen te r quay of Bruges ; it is still su r rounded hy its

original four teen th century wall. The swans give the

w a t e r w a y s a final touch of placid beauty , and they

have their own pecul iar legend. According to the

annals , the citizens of Bruges were condemned to care

for the swans fol lowing the m u r d e r in 1488 of Pe te r

Longneck , col lector of taxes, and advisor to Maxi-

milian of Austr ia .

When the canal trip ends, the tour is t wanders down

the cobbles tone s t reets , a longside the meande r ing canal ,

looking at the yel low-l ighted buildings — the bui ldings

which were once the m a r l s of Wes te rn Europe, the

assemblies of f a m o u s merchants , and the s t rongho lds

of Chr i s t endom. How fo r tuna te it was that Bruges was

preserved From the ravages of p rogress by the s leeping

Z w y n .

David Myers

Rhine Journey The Vienna S u m m e r School went up the Rhine

In a beaut i fu l s t e a m e r boat .

T h e day was as g rand

As one could d e m a n d

So I quickly abandoned my coat.

When 1 looked high up on the cliff above

1 saw in the dis tance far

A ruined Schloss all covered with moss.

„ W h a i a lovely cast le you are" , said I,

„ W h a t a lovely cast le you a re . "

'The cast le looked down o n a quaint little town

Like a c rown o n a bourgeois queen.

Up the cliffs in lines

Marched acres of vines

In har l iqu inadc of green .

My pencil flew as I drew and d rew

But the boat moved fas ter than I,

„Oh, wai t a minu te — I 'm not qui te t h r o u g h !

„A,h, lovely cast le , good bye", quoth I,

„Ah, lovely castle, good bye."

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I sketched landscapes and towers for three solid hours .

As happy as j a m in a j a r .

Quo th I, „ tu rn back the pages to the High Middle A.ges.

Life w a s much more becoming before mode rn

p lumb ing — T o be feudal, t hough futile, would not be so brutal 4 ' .

All at once the boat docked. I alit , somewha t shocked.

And a w o k e with a s tar t , told myself , „Bless your hear t . W h a t a silly roman t i c you are, you are .

W h a t a silly roman t i c you a r e ! "