06tcpip

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

T C P / I P... Internet transport Services...

TCP ---> Transmission Control Protocol.

I P ---> Internet Protocol.


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I


TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

TCP / IP

Provides Multiplexing services permitting the transmission of information to any one of a number of application residing on the addressed host.


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP


More full featured protocol, providing reliable delivery of information stream

TCP / IP




TCP / IP

With a layered architectre TCP/IP suite can be understood as a set of discreet components.

Deals with communicationns among hetrogenous computers.

reliable end to end data transfer service.





Ressambly of the packets can occure

either within a local network or at

the recieving end.

TCP / IP



TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

Originally developed in 1970's as a U.S. goverment

Advaced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ), reseaech and developement project.

TCP/IP... History..



TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

TCP / IP has matured to become the backbone of the Information Superhighway.

Developed to provide connections to systems world-wide helping to bring the information age into reality.

TCP / IP




TCP / IP

Byte oriented stream protocolInformation acknowledgement

based on acknowledgement of individual bytes in the stream rater than complete packet.

Automatically adjust to differences in the communication channels.


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

TCP / IP....

Sliding window acknowledgement scheme controls the orderly dlivery of information



TCP / IP

Sliding Window Protocol..

Effective in the cases where the bit size (a ) is greater than the frame length ( l ),

a > l.

Used to allow multiple frames to be in transit at one time.



Sliding Window depiction

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Frames already recievedwindow of frames that may

be transmitted

Last frame acknowledged

Recievers perspective




0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Frames already transmitted

Window of frames that may betransmitted.

Frame sequence numbers

Last frame transmitted

Transmitter's perspective

Sliding Window depiction



TCP/IP.. NETWORK SERVICES

Provides the smarts required to identify the computers and subnetworks that Recieve and Transmit PACKETS

Includes Packet addressing and routing of traffic between the system.



TCP/IP INTERNET PROTOCOL

• Help identify the most appropriate route for each packet in the network.

• IP uses a 32-bit address field that can be divided into as many as four 8-bit fields that are used to describe the network.





TCP/IP.. INTERNET PROTOCOL

DIRECT STATION ADDRESS FORMAT

CLASS Ahigh-order eight bits areused to describe the network.

CLASS Bhigh-order 16 bits define Networklow-order 16 bits define the host.

High-order 21 bits define the subnetwork and the Low-order eight bits define the specific hosts.

CLASS C



TCP/IP.. INTERNET PROTOCOL..

Provides Fragmentation and Ressambly services.

Includes service that Split each packet into two or

more packets that are subsequently routed through

the network.Ressambly of the packets can

occure either within a local network or at the recieving host.




FIGURE: Internet Protocol Suite Architecture.

TCP/IP....

FTP SMPT SNMP TFTP

DHCP

BOOTP

TCP UDP

IP UCMP

ARP RARP

Telnet

Ethernet Serial Protocols

RIP

OSPF


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP


TCP/IP... LINK SERVICES...........

At this level the internet Protocols need only to provide delivery of completed packets.

Used where Reliability is required..




Standards for exchange of internet

traffic have been developed for,

Ethernet, Serial Lines, Token Ring LANs,ATM, ISD and others.

TCP/IP... LINK SERVICES...........




TCP/IP...

• In the UNIX community, the IP (Internet Protocol)is often used for local area networking even if it is not connected to a larger network.

• It is common for a site to use TCP/IP for communication over a local Ethernet.




TCP/IP...

Open protocol standards.Freely Available.Develops independently from any

specific computer hardware or operating system.

features




TCP/IP..

Ideal for Uniting different hardware and software even if you dont communicate over the internet.

TCP/IP Integrates many different kind of networks.

Features




TCP/IP.....

Can be run over a ,

* ETHERNET,

* TOKEN RING,

* A DIAL-UP-

LINE,

* AN X.25, and virtually any other kind of Physical Transmission Media.

features

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/ITCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP


TCP/IP... features

Has a common addressing scheme that allows any TCP/IP device to uniquely address any other device in the entire Network, even the WWW.

Standardised high level Protocols for consistent widely available user service.




TCP/IP... features

Has a common addressing scheme that allows any TCP/IP device to uniquely address any other device in the entire Network, even the WWW.

Standardised high level Protocols for consistent widely available user service.



44

3

2

1

APPLICATION LAYERAPPLICATION AND PROCESS

THAT USE THE NETWORK

HOST-TO-HOST TRANSPORT LAYER.PROVIDES END-TO-END DATA DELIVERY SERVICE

INTERNET LAYERDEFINES THE DATAGRAM ANDHANDLES THE ROUTING OF

NETWORK ACCESS LAYERCONSIST OF ROUTING FORACCESSING PHYSICAL NET-WORK.

Pictorial representation of the Layers in the TCP/IP protocolhierarchy




TCP/IP... NETWORK ACCESS LAYER..

Contains Protocols that provide access to a communication Network.

Protocols at this layer are between communications

node and an attached host or its logical equivalent.

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP


TCP/IP... NETWORK ACCESS LAYER...

Functions of all the protocols is to Route Data between hosts attached to the same Network.

Deals with Flow Control and Error Control between hosts.




TCP/IP .... internet layer.....

Consist of procedures required to allow data to traverse multiple Networks between the Hosts..

This Protocol is usually implemented within hosts and Gateways.



TCP/IP..... HOST TO HOST LAYER...

Contains Protocol entities with the aility to deliver data between two processes on different host computers.

Provides logical connection between higher-level entities.



Logical connections are used to exchange data between the ultimate endpoints (processes).

error and Flow control and the ability to deal with

control signals not associated with logical data connections.





Four general Protocols are seemed to be needed in this level:

* Reliable Connection-oriented Data Protocol.

* A datagram Protocol,

* A Speech Protocol,

* A real time Data Protocol.


applications

TCP

IP

NetworkAccess

HOST HOST

ROUTER

IP

subnetwork1

subnet2

IP

TCP

applications

NetworkAccess 21

NAP1 NAP2

O p e r a t i n g

sys

O p e r a t i n g

sys

Communications Using The TCP/IP ProtocolArchitecture.




TCP/IP.... OPERATIONS..

A Network Access Protocol like the Token ring is used to connect a computer to the subnetwork.

The Protocol enables the Host to send data acros the subnetwork, to a Router.




TCP/IP... operation ....

IP is implemented in all of the end systems and the Routers.

It acts as a Relay to move a block of data from one Host, through one or more routers, to another Host.

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