06.abbreviations and illustrations.pdf

List of Abbreviations

ASI Archaeological Survey of India

ASI AR Archaeological Survey of India, (Annual Reports)

ASI CR Archaeological Survey of India, (Cunnigham Reports)

FPS Fatehpur Sikri

IAR Indian Archaeology - A Review

NC Northern Circle

NBPW Northern Black Polished Ware

PGW Painted Grey Ware

TASA Transactions of Archaeological Society of Agra

BCT Bir Chhabili Tila

BTR Bateshwar

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Chapter-1

Fig.1/1: District map of Agra (After Nevill, 1905)

Fig.1/2: Map showing Mahajanapadas.

Fig.1/3: Kans Darwaza, Gokulpura, Agra.

Fig.1/4: Map of Agra region locating places associated with traditions.

Chapter-2

Fig.2/1: Geological and minerals Map, Agra ( after District Resource Map, Agra

2002 by Geological Survey of India).

Fig. 2/2 : View of ravines in Bah tehsil, Agra.

Fig. 2/3A : View of Upper Vindhyan ridges near Bandrauli and Patsal.

Fig. 2/3B : View of Upper Vindhyan ridges near Bandrauli and Patsal.

Fig. 2/4: View of hill formation near Bargawan Khurd, tehsil Kheragarh.

Fig. 2/5 : Map showing river systems of Agra and its adjoining area

Chapter-3

Fig.3/1: Chart showing the distribution of cultures in explored sites in Agra district (Since 1880s to 2009)

Fig.3/2: Map showing archaeological sites explored around Fatehpur Sikri (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.3/3: Excavation trench at the junction of Akbari Mahal and Jahangiri Mahal (After Tucker, 1907-08)

Fig. 3/4: View of excavation at Akbari Mahal, Agra Fort (After Tucker 1907-08)

Fig.3/5: An early documentation of structures of Akbari Mahal, Agra fort (After Tucker, 1907-08)

Fig.3/6: Antiquities reported from excavation at Akbari Mahal, Agra Fort (After Tucker, 1907-08)

Fig.3/7: Map of Agra district showing excavated sites

Chapter-4

Fig.4/1: Location map of Khalaua

Fig.4/2: Contour map of Gwal Khera, Khalaua (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/3: General view of Gwal Khera mound, Khalaua

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Fig.4/4: General view of excavation at Gwal Khera, Khalaua

Fig.4/5: View of KHL-1 trench with layers and partially exposed mud structure

Fig.4/6: Section drawing of Khalaua-1

Fig.4/7: Section of KHL-2

Fig.4/8: Section drawing showing layers of Khalaua-1 Extension

Fig.4/9: Pottery shapes from Khalaua excavation (PGW culture)

Fig.4/10: A & B-Painted Grey Ware sherds from Khalaua

Fig.4/11: Red ware and Dull red ware pot sherds from Khalaua

Fig.4/12 : Black painted motif on red ware sherd, Khalaua

Fig.4/13: Antiquities from Khalaua

Fig.4/14: Terracotta Hopscotch, Khalaua (PGW culture)

Fig.4/15: Fragment of a pedestal of a sculpture in terracotta, Khalaua

Fig.4/16: Ghata shaped bead in terracotta, Khalaua( PGW culture)

Fig.4/17: View of Qila mound (BTR-I), Bateshwar

Fig.4/18: General view of the Trench BTR-Ishowing structural remains of Maurya, Sunga, Kushan and medieval period (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/19: General view of Mata Mound (BRT-II), Bateshwar

Fig.4/20: General view of the Trench, BTR-II, Bateshwar

Fig.4/21: Section looking North, BTR-I, Bateshwar (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/22: Close up view of Section of Trench BTR-II

Fig.4/23: Section drawing of BTR-II (Section looking north)(Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/24: Pottery shapes from Period-I, Bateswar



Fig.4/27: Pottery shapes from Period I, Bateswar

Fig.4/28 :Pottery shapes from Period I, Bateswar


Fig.4/30: Decorated pot sherds, Bateswar

Fig.4/31: A: Burnt brick wall of Kushan period and B-Enigmatic burnt-brick structure of Mauryan period, Bateswar

Fig.4/32: Ring well of Period-II, Bateswar

Fig.4/33: Oven of Sunga period, Bateswar

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Fig.4/34: Brick walls, floor and brick jelly foundation, Kushan period, Bateshwar

Fig.4/35: Plan of structures BTR-I, Bateshwar

Fig.4/36: Plan of structures BTR-II, Bateshwar

Fig.4/37: Google earth image with location of Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/38: General view of Sadhwara Khera, Inayatpur (Courtesy: ASI,Agra Circle)

Fig.4/39: Another view of the mound with road in between, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/40: Contour plan of Sadhwara Khera, Inayatpur (Courtesy: ASI,Agra Circle)

Fig.4/41: View of the section of trench A1, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/42: View of the trench J1 at a rain gully during excavation, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/43: View of the trench W1 during excavation, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/44: Section drawing of excavated trenches, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/44A: Close up of section drawing of A1 trench ,Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/45: OCP pottery shapes, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/46: Graph showing distribution of wares in layer7 & 8 of Pd-II,Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/46A:Mixed pot sherds from layer-8, Sadhwara Khera (red ware, OCP sherds, corded red ware, grey ware, corded black-and-red ware)

Fig.4/46B:Mixed pot sherds from layer-8, Sadhwara Khera (red ware, OCP sherds, corded red ware, grey ware, corded black-and-red ware)

Fig.4/46C: PGW and Grey ware shapes: bowls and dishes, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/46D: PGW and Grey ware shapes: bowls and dishes from stratum 8,Sadhwara

Fig.4/47: NBPW sherds, Period-II, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/48: Decorated pot sherds from layer 7, Period-II, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/49: Medieval Pottery shapes from Stratum 1, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/49A: Medieval Pottery shapes in red ware from Stratum 1

Fig.4/50: Medieval Pottery shapes in red ware from Stratum 1

Fig.4/50A:Medieval Pottery shapes in red ware from Stratum 1

Fig.4/51: Red ware Pottery of Medieval period, Sadhwara Khera (A:vases; B: Carinated handi; C:basin and bowls and D: Decorated sherd)

Fig.4/52: Button knobbed lid of Red ware Pottery (Sultanate period ) from stratum 1

Fig.4/53: Stone objects: Sadhwara Khera: A pestle like object with grooved design on side; B- fragment of stone sculpture

Fig.4/54: TC human figurine, Sadhwara Khera (Courtesy: ASI,Agra Circle)

Fig.4/55: Beads (including Ghata shaped) and animal figurines in TC

Fig.4/55A:Terracotta discs, gamesman and ear stud, Sadhwara Khera

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Fig.4/55B:Fragment of a potter's stamp or dabber,Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/56: Bangles in TC, copper and shell from stratum 7, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/57: TC cakes/ coins ?, Sadhwara Khera

Fig.4/58: Beads of semi-precious stone, Sadhwara Khera (After IAR 1991-92)

Fig.4/59: Contour plan of site near Hada Mahal,Fatehpur Sikri(After Sharma 2008

Fig.4/60: View of excavation near Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri during 1987-88

Fig.4/61: View of excavation at Hada rani Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri during 1987-88

Fig.4/62: Section of a trench, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri excavation 1987-88

Fig.4/63: OCP pottery shapes from Period-I, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/64: Decorated OCP potsherds from Period-I, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/64A : Photo of decorated OCP potsherds from Perod-I (except 2 of Fig.4/64), Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/65: Painted Grey ware and Black and Red ware shapes, Period-II, Hada Mahal, FPS. (Courtesy: ASI,Agra Circle)

Fig.4/65A: Painted Grey ware sherds, Period-II, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/66: Grey ware pottery shapes, Period-II, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/67: Plain Red ware shapes, Period-II, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/68: Red ware shapes, Period-III, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/69: Red ware shapes, Period-IV, Hada Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig.4/70: Terracotta ghata shaped beads from PGW level, Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII)

Fig.4/71: Terracotta beads and pendants (amulets), Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII) (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/72: Terracotta wheel with toy carts, PGW level, Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII) (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/73: Terracotta bangles from PGW level, Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII)

Fig.4/74: Terracotta human and animal figurine from Sunga-Kushan levels, Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII) (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/75: Terracotta mould of human head from Sunga-Kushan levels, Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII) (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/76: Terracotta skin rubbers, Sunga-Kushan levels, Hada Mahal excavation (FPS-VIII) (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/77: Location map of Bir Chhabili Tila, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig. 4/78: Bir Chhabili Tila showing trenches excavated in 1982-83 and 1999-2000 (After Sharma 2008)

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Fig.4/79: Cross section from north to south, Bir Chhabili Tila(1999-2000) (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig. 4/80: Section of F-8 facing west, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008)

Fig. 4/81: Section drawing of F-9 Qdt 2 and G-9 Qdt 1 Section facing east, BCT

Fig. 4/82: Pottery shapes in Red ware, Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (1 & 2:Lota, 3- Vase, 4 & 5 : Miniature Pot)

Fig. 4/83: Images of pottery shapes in Red ware (shown in drawing in Fig. 4/82), Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (1 & 2:Lota, 3-Vase, 4 & 5 : Miniature Pot

Fig. 4/84: Decorated sherds in red ware, Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/85: Decorated pot sherds, Period-I, Bir Chhabili tila

Fig. 4/86: Knife edge bowl in red ware, Period-II, Bir Chhabili tila

Fig. 4/87: Lamp in red ware, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/88: Applique decoration on red ware sherds, 8- Incised decoration on black ware, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/89: Red ware sherds with applique decoration, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/90: Glazed ware sherd, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/91: Pottery shapes of Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila (except the surahi (Sl.No.1) which is in buff ware rest are red ware)

Fig.4/92: A handi and a spouted vase in red ware, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/93: Structures of Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/94: Mud brick wall in the section F-9 Qd 2 and G-9 Qd1

Fig.4/95: Structure of Period-I exposed in Trench F-8, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/96: A hearth in-situ exposed in F-8 trench, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/97: A vase in-situ lying on a floor level of Period-I in G-9 Qdt 1, BCT

Fig. 4/98: Plan of a temple, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila (after Sharma et al. 2000; IAR 1999-2000)

Fig. 4/99: Rear portion of temple adhisthana along with cell like structure at its base, BCT

Fig. 4/100: Front portion of the temple adhistana partially exposed during excavation, Bir Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra)

Fig. 4/101: Moulded architectural member, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/102: Moulded architectural member, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/103: Fragment of architectiral member for beki or griva part of temple, Bir Chhabili Tila. (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/104: Fragment of an amalaka stone , Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig. 4/105: Close up view of the northen and north-western corner of the outer

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enclosure wall of the temple, BCT

Fig. 4/106: General view of the excavated remains showing the northen and north-western corner of the outer enclosure wall of the temple, BCT

Fig.4/107: Projection in the north made of huge stone slabs, probaly the entrance of the temple, BCT

Fig.4/108 :Red sand stone man made pit with image of Ambika insitu inside, BCT

Fig.4/109: View of a pit with sculptures insitu in F-9 Qdt 1 & G-9 Qdt 2 trench, BCT

Fig. 4/110: Plan of structures of Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/111: Partly exposed toilet of Period III found in trench No. F-10, BCT

Fig.4/112: A burial of Period-IV, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/113: Seated Jaina Tirthankara in blue or black marble, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila.

Fig.4/114: Seated Jaina Tirthankara Adinatha,Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila.

Fig.4/115: Standing image of Jaina Tirthankara, Adinatha, Bir Chhabili Tila (977 A.D.).

Fig. 4/116: Standing image of Tirthankara Adinatha, Bir Chhabili Tila (982 A.D.)

Fig. 4/117: Standing image of Tirthankara Sambhavanatha, Bir Chhabili Tila (1022 A.D.)

Fig. 4/118: Standing image of Tirthankara Santinatha, Bir Chhabili Tila.

Fig. 4/119: Standing image of Tirthankara Kunthunatha, Bir Chhabili Tila.

thFig.4/120: Ambika in red sand stone in two pieces, Bir Chhabili Tila (Circa 6

cent.A.D.) (After IAR 1999-2000)

thFig.4/121: Ambika depicted in a niche, Bir Chhabili Tila (Circa 10 cent.A.D.) (After ASI, Agra,2000).

th thFig.4/122: Ambika with Gomukh, Bir Chhabili Tila (Circa 10 -11 cent.A.D.)

Fig.4/123: Chandi or Prachandi,the Yakhini of Vasupujya depicted in a niche, Bir th thChhabili Tila (Circa 10 -11 cent.A.D.) (After ASI, Agra,2000).

stFig.4/124: Figure of Chakreshwari, the Yakshini of 1 Tirthankara Adinatha, Bir

th thChhabili Tila ( Circa.10 -11 Cent. A.D.).

Fig.4/125: Jaina Saraswati, Bir Chhabili Tila (1010 A.D.) (After IAR 1999-2000).

Fig.4/126: Yonipitha in buff sand stone, Bir Chhabili Tila.

Fig.4/127: Jaina Tirthankara head, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008).

Fig.4/128: Head of Tirthankara Parsvanatha image, Bir Chhabili Tila.

Fig.4/129: Fragment of head part of Ganesha figure, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra).

Fig.4/130: Unfinished image of Ganesha in red sand stone, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008).

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Fig.4/131: Elbow part of Tirthankara image in white marble, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila. (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/132: Yaksha Gomukha, Period-II, Bir Chhabili tila (After Sharma 2008).

Fig.4/133: Broken heads of small sculptures, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/133A: Broken heads of small sculptures, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/134: Portion of an image of Vishnu, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/135: Stone rotatory querns, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008).

Fig.4/136: Stone mortars, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008).

Fig.4/137: Line drawing of red sand stone bowl, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila.

Fig.4/138: Polished stone celt like object, Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/139: Line drawing of polished stone celt, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/140: Terracotta wheel from Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/141: Terracotta dabber and potter's stamp, Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra)

Fig.4/142: Terracotta mound of human face and ornamental jewellery, Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra)

Fig.4/143: Line drawing of terracotta moulds of jewellery, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/144: Terracotta gamesman, Period-I, Bir Chhabilii Tila

Fig.4/145: Terracotta lamps, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/146: Terracotta human figurines, Period-II, Bir Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/147: Terracotta animal figurines, Period-III, , Bir Chhabili Tila (After IAR 1999-2000)

Fig.4/148: Terracotta animal figurines, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/149: Foot impression of animal on burnt brick, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila

Fig.4/150: Copper bells, Period-III, Bir Chhabili Tila (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.4/151: Semi-precious stone beads of different colours and types, Period-II, Bir

Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle).

Fig.4/152: Terracotta beads, Period-I, Bir Chhabili Tila (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/153: Red ware dishes and vases, FPS-VI, Mughal period (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/154: Footed bowl, miniature pot, handi and spouts in Red ware, FPS, Mughal period.

Fig.4/155: Surahi and knobbed lid shape in Red ware, FPS-VI, Mughal period (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

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Fig.4/156: Chinese Porcelain ware sherd with portrait of human motif, FPS, Mughal period. (Courtesy: ASI, Agra )

Fig.4/157: Chinese Porcelain ware dish with floral motif and Chineese script, FPS, Mughal period. ( Courtesy: ASI, Agra)

Fig.4/158: Chinese Porcelain ware fish motif on a dish, FPS, Mughal period (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/159: Partially excavated Haram-sara complex to the west of Samosa Mahal after excavation (Courtesy: ASI, Agra)

Fig.4/160: An exposed view of Haram-sara complex showing causeways and a fountain (After Gaur 2000)

Fig.4/161: Dado painting on a wall of Haram-sara, Fatehpur Sikri exposed in 1986 (Courtesy ASI)

Fig.4/162: View of Abdur Rahim Khan-I Khanam's palace and the main gate (After Gaur 2000)

Fig.4/163: General view of excavation at Taksal (Mint), Fatehpur Sikri (1980-81) (Courtesy: ASI)

Fig.4/164: Slanting walls in the courtyard of so-called Mint (After IAR 1980-81 & Gaur 2000)

Fig.4/165: View of Mughal bazar area in between Chaharsuq and Agra gate, FPS- Before excavation (Courtesy: ASI)

Fig.4/166: View of Mughal bazar with rows of shops discovered during excavation between Chaharsuq and Agra Gate.

Fig.4/167: A part of road (Akbar's period) exposed in front of Chaharsuq, Fatehpur Sikri (After Gaur 2000)

Fig.4/168: Plan of Khusbu Khana and Chapel, Fatehpur Sikri (After Gaur 2000)

Fig. 4/169: Terracotta animal figurines, Fatehpur Sikri, Mughal period (After IAR 1983-84)

Fig.4/170: General view of excavation at Ram Bagh (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/171: Brick structures and terracotta pipeline exposed during excavation at Ram Bagh (After IAR 1976-77)

Fig.4/172: Amalaka stone member of temple, Ram Bagh (Medieval period)

Fig.4/173: Excavated structures, Mehtab Bagh excavation 1978-79 (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/174: Mehtab bagh excavation 1993-94: Sunken southern portion of octagonal water tank and southern pavilion (After IAR 1993-94)

Fig.4/175: Broken marble fountain exposed in a trench , Mehtab Bagh (1993-94) (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/176: A deep trench showing a lakhauri brick structure, Mehtab Bagh (Mughal Period) (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

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Fig.4/177: Mehtab Bagh: view of excavated remains on the eastern periphery showing baradari ( After IAR 1996-97)

Fig.4/178: Mehtab Bagh: View of southern periphery, octagonal pool and cascade, Mughal period (After IAR 1997-98)

Fig.4/179: Pot sherds of red ware and black painted red ware, Mehtab Bagh excavation 1997-98.

Fig.4/180: Marble chips, Mehtab Bagh recovered from Mehtab bagh excsavation 1997-98.

Fig.4/181: View of stone paved pathway exposed to the south of Moti Masjid, Agra Fort (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/182: Lime preparation unit discovered to the south of Moti Masjid, Agra Fort (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/183: General view of the excavation at the riverside of Taj Mahal with exposed well foundation (After IAR 1957-58)

Fig.4/184: Well foundation exposed along the riverside wall of Taj Mahal (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/185: View of a trench in Gaushala showing section facing north (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.4/186: View of the trench on the road to the east of Gaushala courtyard, Taj Mahal.

Fig.4/187: Close up of the brick-on-edge pathway discovered to the east of Gaushala, Taj Mahal (Courtesy: ASI, Agra )

Chapter-5

Fig.5/1: Map of Agra District showing recently explored archaeological sites

Fig.5/2: Location map of Hanumntkhera, Lakhurani, Tehsil Fatehabad

Fig.5/3: Find spot of Varaha image, Hanumant Khera, Tehsil Fatehabad

Fig.5/4: Image of Varaha incarnation of Vishnu from Hanumantkhera, Lakhurani (Circa

th10 cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/5: Pot sherds visible in an exposed water channel, Hanumantkhera, Lakhurani

Fig.5/5A: Stone pestle used as Shiva linga, Hanumantkhera, Lakhurani

Fig.5/6:General view of Devi mandir mound on ravine, Nagla Behad, Tehsil Fatehabad

Fig.5/6A: Fragmentary Sculptures in a chamvad, Nagla Behad, Tehsil Fatehabad

Fig.5/6B: Fragmentary sculpture of medieval period Gubrauth, Tehsil Fatehabad

Fig.5/6C: General view of mound, Khera Jawahar, Teshil Fetehabad

Fig.5/7: View of the mound at Shekhupur, Teshil Fetehabad

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Fig.5/8: General view of Jaroli tila ( Jarasandh-Ka-Kila),Tehsil Fatehabad

Fig.5/9: Pot sherds from Jaroli tila, Jaroli

thFig.5/10: Fragment of Mahishamardini Durga image, Jaroli, (Circa 10 cent. A.D.)

thFig.5/11: Torso of a female Image, Jaroli (Circa 10 cen.t A.D.)

thFig.5/12: Upper part of a female figure, Jaroli (Circa 10 cent. A.D.)

thFig.5/13: Temple architectural member, Jaroli, (Circa 10 cent. A.D.)

th Fig.5/14: Sculpture fragments, Nagaria Ram Karn,Tehsil Fatehabad (C. 11 cent. A.D.)

th Fig.5/15: Sculpture fragments Nagaria Ram Karn,Tehsil Fatehabad (C. 11 cent. A.D.)

th Fig.5/16: Sarvatobhadra sculpture, Shikrara, Tehsil Fatehabad (C. 10- 11 cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/16A: Another view of Sarvatobhadra sculpture, Shikrara, Tehsil Fatehabad.

Fig.5/17: General view of mound, Pakka Garh Bahadi,Tehsil Fatehabad

thFig. 5/18: Hero stone, Bargawan Khurd, tehsil Kheragarh (Circa 10 cent. A.D.)

Fig. 5/19: Figure of Yaksha like figure depicted on top panel of a Hero stone, Bargawan Khurd

Fig. 5/20: Google earth imagery of Tarhat showing different finds spot localities.

Fig. 5/21: Fragmentary Image of Jaina Tirthankara, Neminatha,THT-2, Tarhat (Circa th th

10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig. 5/22: Headless Image of Jaina Tirthankara, Adinatha, THT-3, Tarhat (Circa 10 -11

cent. A.D.)

Fig. 5/23: Male and female devotee along with bull symbol depicted on the pedestal of Adinatha image, THT-3, Tarhat

thFig. 4/24: Rock-cut Ganesha panel, THT-4, Tarhat, tehsil Kheragarh (Circa 10 century

A.D.)

thFig. 5/25: Figure of Siva depicted on an architectural member, THT-1, Tarhat (Circa 10

century A.D.)

Fig. 5/26: Fragment of lower part of Vishnu image, THT-1, Tarhat

Fig. 5/27: Architectural member with image of Narasimha incarnation of Vishnu, Tarhat th

(Circa 10-11 Cent. A.D.)

thFig. 5/28: Image of Vishnu depicted in an architectural member, Tarhat Circa 10-11

Cent. A.D.)

th thFig. 5/29:View of the remains of temple platform on the hill top, Tarhat (Circa 10 -11 Century A.D.)

Fig.5/30: General view of the architectural members lying scattered on hill top, Tarhat

Fig.5/31: Amalaka stone lying on hill top, Tarhat

Fig.5/32: General view of the architectural members at THT-1 used as bond of the agricultural field.

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thFig.5/33: Female figure depicted on an architectural member, Tarhat (Circa 10 Century A.D.)

Fig.5/34: Female figure depicted on an architectural member of sealing part, Tarhat

Fig.5/35: Red sand stone amlaka insitu at THT-1

Fig.5/36: General view of a rock shelter at Tarhat

Fig.5/37: Unfinished carving of human face and engraved outline on rock shelter wall, Tarhat

Fig.5/38: Rock surface with rows of post holes, Tarhat

Fig.5/39: View of a massive stone structure visible on surface atTHT-3, Tarhat

Fig.5/40: Image of Tirthankara Adinatha, Kagarol, Tehsil Kiraoli (982 A.D.)

Fig.5/41: Pedestal of Adinatha image with lanchhana and a single-line inscription dated 982 A.D.

Fig.5/42: Headless image of Tirthankara ,Kagarol ( Circa 10th cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/43: Fragmentary Jaina images, Kagarol (Circa10th cent. A.D.

Fig.5/44: Two armed Jaina Yakshini with horse as lanchhana depicted on a Kumbhaka moulding, Kagarol (Circa10th cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/45: Architectural parts and sculptures kept in a Pathwari, Kagarol

Fig.5/46: Image of Ganesha with his consort, Kagarol (Circa10th 11th cent. A.D.)

Fig. 5/47: Portion of a door Jamb and sculptural fragments, Kagarol (After Sharma 2008)

Fig. 5/48: Broken portion of an image depicted trichhatra and Halo, Kagarol ( After Sharma 2008)

Fig. 5/49: Sculptures panel of musicians, Kagarol (Circa 10-11cent A.D.) (After Sharma 2008)

Fig. 5/50: General view of Chamunda tila, Kagarol

Fig.5/51: Temple platform built of big boulders partly visible, Chamunda Tila,Kagarol

th thFig.5/52: Sculptural panel depicting musicians, Bisalpur (Circa 10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/52A: Temple architectural member, Bisalpur (Circa 10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/52B: Temple architectural member, Bisalpur (Circa 10 -11 cent. A.D.)

Fig. 5/53: Google earth imagery of the Naga Temple site at Bharhkol

Fig. 5/54: General view of the Temple site, Bharhkol in 1913 (Courtesy: Prof. Giriraj Kumar)

Fig.5/55: Colossal Naga image, Bharhkol in 1993 (Photo Courtesy: Prof. Giriraj Kumar)

Fig.5/56: General view of the sculptures at the present location to east of the temple, Bharhkol

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th th Fig.5/57 : Side view of Colossal Naga image, Bharhkol, Tehsil Kiraoli ( Circa 6 -7

cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/58: Another site view of Colossal Naga image, Bharhkol.

Fig.5/59: View of bottom of the Colossal Naga image, Bharhkol.

Fig.5/60: Upper part of Naga image with socket holes, Bharhkol.

Fig.5/61: Broken fragment of Serpent hoods of the Naga figure, Bharhkol.

Fig.5/62: Another small Naga image partially buried, Bharhkol.

Fig.5/63: Lower part of a sculpture, Bharhkaol.

Fig.5/64: Chance discovery of semi circular bastion at north- western corner of temple platform, Bharhkol.

Fig.5/65: View of base part of bastion at N-W corner of temple, Bharhkol

Fig.5/66: View of another bastion on north-eastern side in the exposed section, Bharhkol

Fig.5/67: Stone wall partly visible in the Northern exposed section, Bharhkol

thFig.5/68: Decorated pillar member with kalasha motifs, Bharhkol (Circa 10 cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/69: Unfinished Naga Image and other fragmentary sculptures on top of the temple platform, Bharhkol

th thFig.5/70: Sculpture of Nandi, Santha, tehsil Kiraoli (Circa 10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/71: Small head of Siva, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/72: Prabhavali portion of an image, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/73: Temple Architectural member, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/74: Temple Architectural member, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/75: Architectural members of temple, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/76: Architectural members of temple, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent. A.D.)

th thFig.5/77: Decorated pillar member with purna kumbha, Santha (Circa10 -11 cent.

A.D.)

Fig.5/78: View of exposed section of the mound, Santha

Fig.5/79: Pot sherds from the mound at Santha

Fig.5/80: General view of the archaeological deposit on hill top, Bandrauli

Fig.5/81: General view of archaeological site to the south of Nai Ki Gupha, Patsal

Fig.5/82: A microlith lying on surface near foothill, Patsal, tehsil Kiraoli

Fig.5/83: Microliths from Patsal

Fig.5/84: Red ware and OCP potsherds from exposed section of deposit in rock shelter, Patsal

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Fig.5/85: Pot sherds from the field on foothill to the south and south-east of rock shelter, Patsal

Fig.5/86: General view of the temple remains kept in open air Shiva temple, Patsal

Fig.5/87: A weathered red sand stone Shiva linga in phallic form, Patsal (Kushan ? Period)

Fig.5/88: Another Shiva linga, Patsal

Fig.5/89: Image of Balarama, Patsal (Kushan period)

Fig.5/90: Close up view of broken right hand of Balarama, Patsal

Fig.5/91: Portion of a door-jamb (dvara-sakha) in red sand stone, Patsal (Circa Gupta period)

Fig.5/92: Close up of figures depicted on door-jamb, Patsal (Circa Gupta period)

Fig.5/93: Portion of another door-jam kept at a Chamvad, Patsal

Fig.5/94: Moulded temple architectural member, Patsal

Fig.5/95: Moulded temple architectural member, Patsal

Fig.5/96: Another architectural member with depiction a head of human figure in a chaitya niche, Patsal

Fig.5/97: Amalaka stone of a temple, Patsal

Fig.5/98: Broken Kalasa part a temple, Patsal

Fig.5/99: Capital portion of a red stone pillar, Patsal

Fig.5/100: Buff sand stone pillar member with lotus medallion at base, Patsal

Fig.5/101: Sculpture of a sardula in red sand stone, Patsal

Fig.5/102: Sculpture of a sardula in buff sand stone, Patsal

Fig.5/103: Sculpture of a sardula in red sand stone, Patsal

Fig.5/104: A sculptural fragment depicting a lion attacking an animal, Patsal

th thFig.5/105: Portion of a sculpture of Mahisasuramardini Durga, Patsal (Circa 10 -11 Cent.A.D.)

Fig.5/106: View of the ancient site with wall of massive stone platform visible in section, Patsal

Fig.5/107: A lunate in-situ on surface at the foothill, Rasulpur. Tehsil Kiraoli (Mesolithic culture).

th thFig.5/108: Portion of a red sand stone door sill, Rasulpur (Circa 8 -9 century A.D.)

Fig. 5/109: Figures on the right side of central devi figure of door-sill, Rasulpur

Fig. 5/110: Plan of stone structure visited on surface, Hanumanji-ki-Rathiel mound, Rasulpur

Fig.5/111: Sculpture of standing figures Rasulpur

Fig.5/112: Front view of Naga image and Chauma Shahpur, Tehsil Kiraoli ( Kushan

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period)

Fig.5/113: Back view of fragment of Naga image, Chauma Shahpur

th thFig.5/114: Shiva linga, carved in phallic form, Chauma Shahpur (Circa 4 -5 cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/115: Lower part of Shiva linga with departure of lion, to vahana of Parvati, Chauma Shahpur.

Fig.5/116: Architectural parts and sculptures placed on the cross roads, Chauma th thShahpur.(Circa 8 -10 Cent. A.D.)

thFig.5/117: Part of a Saptamatrika panel, Chauma Shahpur (Circa 6 cent. A.D.)

th thFig. 5/118:Fragment of a sesa-sayi panel, Chauma Shahpur (Circa 8 - 10 cent.

A.D.)

Fig.5/119: Naga image front view, Churiyari (Courtesy: Giriraj Kumar)

Fig.5/120: Naga image, Churiyari (Courtesy: Giriraj Kumar)

Fig.5/121: Broken parts of door jams, pillars and other temple architectural members, Dura

Fig.5/122: Stampage of Brahmi inscription of Kushana period, Dura (After Epigraphica Indica)

Fig.5/123: A hero stone panel divided into several bands, Imlaoda

Fig.5/124:Close up of top bands of the hero stone, Imlaoda

Fig.5/125: Remains of adhistana of a temple, Imlaoda

Fig.5/126: A corner stone of temple sikhara, Imlaoda (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.5/127: View of an ancient mound at Jotana, Tehsil Kiraoli (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.5/127 A: Broken parts of white spotted red sand stone sculptures, Jotana (After Sharma 2008)

thFig.5/128: Portion of a huge door-jam, Jotana (C. 10 Cent. A.D.)

thFig.5/129: Another portion of a door-jamb depicting trisakhas, Jotana (C. 10 Cent.

A.D.) (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.5/130: General view of a portion of the mound, Jengara

Fig.5/131: View of an exposed section with brick structures, Jengara

Fig.5/132: View of ashy deposit at lower part of exposed section with a part of big storage jar, Jengara.

Fig.5/133A: Red ware pot sherds, Jengara

Fig.5/133B: Black paintings on red ware sherds, Jengara

Fig.5/134: Stone objects and animal bones. Jengara

Fig.5/135: Map showing temple sites at Sikri (After Sharma 2008)

Fig.5/136 : Kicaka like architectural member, Sikri Do Hissa

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Fig.5/137: Damaged figure of Ganesha on one side of Shiva linga , Sikri village

Fig.5/138: Defaced figure of (Vishnu ?) on another side of Shiva linga, Sikri

Fig.5/139: Torso of an image with ornaments and srivasta on chest, Sikri village Fig.5/140: Another toros of Vishnu with ornaments and srivasta on chest, Sikri village .

Fig.5/141: Kumbhaka of mandovara with a Vishnu figure carved on it, Sikri village (After Sharma 2008).

Fig.5/142: Pedestal of image of Dharmanatha Tirthankara in buff sand stone, Sikri.

Fig.5/143: Fragment of sculpture of a standing Tirthankara (Digambara ).

Fig.5/144: Broken arm portion of a four armed female deity, Sikri village.

Fig.5/145: Broken image of Parsvanatha tirthankara, Sikri.

ndFig. 5/146: Fragment of pedestal part of 2 Jina tirthankara Ajitanatha .

Fig. 5/147: General view of mound at Runukta on the bank of Yamuna in 1963 (Courtesy: ASI, Agra).

Fig.5/148: General view of part of mound from northern side, Runukta

Fig.5/149: View of the exposed section on the northern side of the mound, Runukta

Fig.5/150: View of potsherds on surface near the staircase on northern side, Runukta

Fig.5/151: Potsherds red ware, grey ware, PGW (last two sherds of bottom line) and a part of decorated disc in terracotta, Runukta

Fig.5/152: Medieval architectural member with female figures, Runukta

Fig.5/153: Head of a sculpture of Sringi rishi under worship at Sringi rishi ashram temple, Singna

Fig.5/154: View of an exposed section of mound of Sringi rishi ashram, Singna

Fig.5/155: Pot sherds from Sringi rishi ashram mound, Singna

Fig.5/156: General view of Jugsana Khera, Jugsana, tehsil Kiraoli

Fig.5/157: Another view of Jugsana Khera from north-west, Jugsana, tehsil Kiraoli

Fig.5/158: View of exposed section of the mound in northern side, Jugsana

Fig.5/159 A: Pot sherds from Jugsana (Line -1 Red ware; Line 2: Black slipped ware & Line-3: Grey ware and Painted grey ware sherds)

Fig.5/159B: Red ware pottery: bowl (line 1), handi and vase (line-2), Jugsana

Fig.5/160: Other objects, Jugsana (1- Stone pestle piece,2- TC hopscotch, 3-iron ore & 4- animal bone

Fig.5/161: Chavad Khede ki with early medieval sculpture and architectural fragments, Jugsana

Fig.5/162: Unfinished image of Uma-Maheshwar, Bateshwar

Fig.5/163: Headless image in Padmasana posture,Devi temple, Chamunda Tila,

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Bateshwar

Fig.5/164: Fragment of door jamb of temple, now in Akhaleswar temple, Bateshwar

Fig.5/165: View of Jaina imges in Digambar Jain temple, Bateshwar

Fig.5/166 A: View of sculptural and architectural members in Keimar baba temple, Chandrapur, tehsil Bah

Fig.5/166Big.5/166 B: Broken sculptural fragments stacked inside Keimar baba temple, Chandrapur

Fig.5/167: Jaina sculptural panel, Chandrapur ( Circa 10th-11th cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/168: Portion of a seated Jaina tirthankara, Chandrapur

Fig.5/169: Another fragmentary image of seated Jaina tirthankara, Chandrapur

Fig.5/170: Figure of Brahma, Chandrapur

Fig.5/171: Backside of Brahma image re-used as grinder, Chandrapur

Fig.5/172: Torso of a male figure, Chandrapur

Fig.5/173: Torso of a female figure with waist ornament, Chandrapur

Fig.5/174: Sati stone with two female figures in low relief, Chandrapur

Fig.5/175: View of a Chavad with broken sculptural and architectural members, Chandrapur

Fig.5/176: Prabhavali portion of an image with gandharvas holding a garland, Chavad, Chandrapur

Fig.5/177: Sculptural fragment with seated Tirthankara figure on either side, Chandrapur

Fig.5/178: View of broken sculptures and architectural members kept at Sitala mata temple, Kamtari tehsil Bah

Fig. 5/179: Headless seated Jaina tirthankara, Adinatha , Kamtari

Fig. 5/180: Torso portion of Adinatha tirthankara, Kamtari

Fig.5/181: Mutilated torso of Digambar Jaina tirthankara, Kamtari

Fig.5/182: Sarvatobhadra Jaina panel, Kamtari (Circa. 10th-11th Cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/183: Archaitectural member with seated Jaina tirthankara in niche, Kamtari

(Circa. 10th-11th Cent.A.D.)

Fig.5/184: Fragment of a Jaina image with Gomukh Yaksha & a female figure, Kamtari

Fig.5/185A: Image of Ganesha in low relief, Kamtari (C.10th-11th Cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/185 B: Belly and thigh part of a Ganesha image, Kamtari

Fig.5/186: A small head of Shiva image, Kamtari

Fig.5/187: Upper part of Chamunda image, Kamtari

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Fig.5/188: Part of an image of Vishnu, Kamtari

Fig.5/189A: Part of an image with head and leg portion missing, Kamtari

Fig.5/189B: Architectural member with female figures, Kamtari

Fig.5/190: Fragmentary sculptures on a Chabutara in another part of village, Kamtari

Fig.5/191: Broken sculptures in Durga mata temple, Kamtari

Fig.5/192: Varaha image in Durga mata temple, Kamtari

Fig.5/193: Exposed section with archaeological deposit near Durga mata temple, Kamtari

Fig.5/194: General view of Chamunda Tila, Sakalpur tehsil Itimadpur

thFig.5/195: Image of Adinatha kept at Chamunda tila, Sakalpur (Circa 10 Cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/196: Shiva linga, Chamunda tila, Sakalpur

Fig.5/197: Head part of Vishnu image at Pathwari, Sakalpur

Fig.5/198: Fragment of sculptural panel with a male and female figure, Sakalpur

Fig.5/199: View of the Gwal Khera with exposed section in southern side, Khalaua, tehsil Agra

Fig. 5/200: Pot sherds of red ware, grey ware and PGW from Khalaua

Fig.5/201: Corded red ware sherds, Gwal Khera, Khalaua

Fig.5/202: Close up of exposed section with burnt brick bats, Khalaua

Fig.5/203: A chhatri at Khera Bhagor, tehsil Agra

Fig.5/204: Image of Jaina tirthankara, Adinatha ,S.N. Medical college, Agra( 1631 A.D.)

Fig.5/205: Close up of pedestal part of Adinatha with inscription in Devnagari script,

S.N. Medical college, Agra (1631 A.D.)

Fig.5/206: General view of Nandan mound on the bank of Yamuna, Firozabad district in 1974 (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.5/207: View of image of Balarama lying insitu, Nandan (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig.5/208: Google earth imagery of Chandwar, District Firozabad

Fig.5/209: Red ware pot sherds of bowl and spout, Chandwar

Fig.5/210: View of Jaina images in Jaina temple, Chandwar

th thFig.5/211: A Sarvatobhadra Jaina sculpture, Chandwar (Circa 10 -11 cent. A.D.)

Fig.5/212: Image of Tirthankara Adinatha, Chandwar (1002 A.D.)

Fig.5/213: Portion of the Nagari inscription with date on the pedestal of Adinatha image, Chandwar (11th Cent. A.D.)

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Chapter-6

Fig.6/1: Map showing rock art sites near Fatehpur Sikri, district Agra

Fig.6/2: General view of the rock shelter, Rasulpur

Fig.6/3: Sketch of rock art motifs in rock shelter at Rasulpur

Fig.6/4: View of rock paintings, Rasulpur rock shelter

Fig.6/5: Painted concentric circle motif, Rasulpur

Fig.6/6A: View of painted serpent (Naga) figure, Rasulpur ( Courtesy: Giiraj Kumar)

Fig.6/6B: Close up view serpent (Naga) figure, Rasulpur ( Courtesy: Giiraj Kumar)

Fig.6/7: General view of Nai-Ki-Gupha rock shelter, Patsal

Fig.6/8: Sketch of rock art motifs in Nai- Ki-Gupha (Courtesy: ASI, Agra Circle)

Fig. 6/9: Animal herd and human figures holding staff, Nai- Ki- Gupha, Patsal

Fig.6/10: Archer figures, Nai- Ki-Gupha, Patsal

Fig.6/11: A group of seven human figures with headgear (dancers), Nai- Ki-Gupha, Patsal

Fig.6/12: Cup mark on upper story rock shelter Nai-Ki-Gupha, Patsal

Fig.6/13: General view of Sita-Ki-Rasoi shelter on hillock, Patsal

Fig.6/14: Painted geometric designs, Sita-Ki-Rasoi, Patsal (Courtesy: Dr. Giriraj Kumar)

Fig.6/15: Potsherds lying on surface of floor, Nai-Ki-Gupha, Patsal

Fig.6/16: Microlithic Stone artifacts from and near Nai-Ki-Gupha ,Patsal

Fig.6/17; Close up view of the Bandrauli hillock from north with rock shelters facing north.

Fig.6/18: Petroglyph, Rani -Ka-Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/19: Humpless bull in white colour, Rani-Ka-Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/20: Cart motif in red colour, Rani-Ka-Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/21: Cart motif in black colour, Rani- Ka- Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/22: Arrow motif, Rani-Ka-Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/23: Painted Irregular triangle motif with line inside, Rani-Ka-Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/24: A Kushan Brahmi writing (inscription) painted in red colour, Rani- Ka-Khataula, Bandrauli

Fig.6/25: Distribution of rock art motifs, Madanpura

Fig.6/26: General view of Rock shelter-1, Madanpura

Fig.6/27: Arrow figures in Rock shelter-1, Madanpura

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Fig.6/28:Graph showing distribution of motifs in RS-1, Madanpura


Fig.6/29A: Close up view of a niche with painting, RS-1, Madanpura

Fig.6/30: Graph showing distribution of painted motifs in RS-2, Madanpura

Fig.6/31: Humpless and humped cattle motifs in RS-2, Madanpura

Fig.6/32: Deer motif in RS-2, Madanpura

Fig.6/33: General view of Rock Shelter-3, Madanpura

Fig.6/34: Close up view of paintings in ceiling of Rock Shelter-3, Madanpura

Fig.6/35: Distribution of rock art motifs in Rock Shelter-3, Madanpura

Fig.6/36: Arrow motifs, Rock shelter-3, Madanpura

Fig.6/37: Boat like motif, Rock shelter-3, Madanpura

Fig.6/38: Lizard motif, Rock shelter-3, Madanpura


Fig.6/40: Distribution of of rock art motifs, in RS-4, Madaanpura

Fig.6/41: Cart motif in Rock shelter-4, Madanpura

Fig.6/42: Cattle motifs with long tail, Rock shelter-4, Madanpura

Fig.6/43: Scene of an animal attacking a man, Rock shelter-4, Madanpura


Fig.6/45: Distribution of rock art motifs in Rock shelter-5, Madanpura

Fig.6/46: Excited humped bull, Rock shelter-5, Madanpura (Chalcolithic culture)

Fig.6/47: Colour use pattern in rock shelters of Madanpura

Chapter-7

Fig.7/1: Distribution of cultures in explored sites in Agra region latest by September, 2012.

Tables:

Table 1/1: Traditional Fairs in Agra region

Table 2/1: Generalized geological sequence for Agra Mathura, Etah and Mainpuri area (After Baweja et.al)

Table 3/1: List of archaeological sites surveyed in Agra region during British period.

Table 3/2: List of site/villages surveyed in Agra region since Independence upto 2009.

Table 4/1:Details of Antiquities from excavation at Gwal Khera, Khalaua

Table 4/2: Description of layers Trench No-F8 Qdt. 3 section facing west

Table 4/3: Description of layers of Trench No- F 9 Qd. 2 & G9 Qd. 1 Section Facing east

Table 5/1: List of recently explored archaeological sites in Agra district.

Table 7/1 : Distribution of cultures in excavated sites in Agra

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