04 lap trinh hn phan 1

8/13/2019 04 Lap Trinh HN Phan 1

1/27

KINTRC MY TNH &

HPNG

04Lptrnh hpng(Phn1)

ThS VMinh Tr [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/27

Ngn nglptrnh2

L loingn ngnhn to(V d: C/C++) ccuthnh bi2

yutchnh:

Tvng: l cc keyword (struct, enum, if, int)

Ngphp: syntax (if(){} else{}, do{} while())

Ngn nglptrnh gip cho ngisdngn (gil lptrnh vin)

c thdintv m tcc hngdncho my tnh hotng

theo muncamnh

phctp(trutng) cacc hngdnny quytnhth

bccangn ng

phctpcng cao th bccng thp

V d: C Sharp (C#) l ngn ngbccao hnC


3/27

Nhnxt3

Ngn ngno m con ngidhiunhtlil ngn ng

my tnhkh hiu nht

Ngn ngbccng cao th con ngicng dhiunhngmy

tnh licngkh hiu

Nhngmy tnh lil nichng ta cnn hiungv

nhanh nhtc ththcthi nhngg chng ta mun

Ngn ngmy (Machine language)

OK ???If (n>0){

n=-1;}

If (n>0){

n=-1;

}


4/27

Ngn ngmy (Machine Laguage)4

Ngn ngmy cho php ngilptrnh ara cc hng

dnnginm bvi xl (CPU) c ththchinc

ngay

Cc hngdnny cgil chth/ lnh(instruction)hocm my (machine code)

Mibvi xl (CPU) c 1 ngn ngring, gil blnh

(instruction set) Trong cng 1 dng vi xl (processor family) blnhgn

gingnhau

Instruction

set


5/27

Instruction5

L dy bit chayu cum bxl trong

CPU (ALU) phithchin

Instruction gm2 thnh phn:

M lnh(opcode): thao tc cnthchin

Thng tin vton hng(operand): cc itngbtc ngbithao tc chatrong m lnh


6/27

ISA (Instruction Set Architecture)6

Tplnhdnh cho nhngbvi xl c kintrc tngt

nhau

MtsISA thng dng:

Dng vi xl 80x86 (gittx86) caIntel

IA-16: Dng xl 16 bit (Intel 8086, 80186, 80286)

IA-32: Dng xl 32 bit (Intel 80368i386, 80486i486, Pentium

II, Pentium III ) IA-64: Dng xl 64 bit (Intel x86-64 nhPentium D)

MIPS: Dng rtnhiutrong hthngnhng (embedded system)

PowerPC caIBM


7/27

ThitkISA: CISC & RISC7

C 2 trngphi thitkblnh:

Complete Instruction Set Computer (CISC): blnh

gmrtnhiulnh, tnginnphctp Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC): blnhch

gmcc lnhngin

Nn chnkiuno?


8/27

Tuy nhin8

Khng phiai cngmun/ c thlptrnh ngn ng

my v qu kh hiuso vingn ngbnh thngca

con ngi

Nhu cucnc bphnphin dch(interpreter)

High-levellanguage(C/C++)

MachineLaguageInterpreter

OK OK


9/27

Nhnxt9

Trong 1 strnghp, vicvitbngngn ng

cpqu cao trnn chykh chmv phi

phin dchnhiulntrthnh ngn ngmy

Hpng(Assembly language)

Highest-levellanguage

MachineLaguage

InterpreterLower-levellanguage

Lower-levellanguage


10/27

Hpng10

Cc m my chl cc con s(0 / 1)

Trong ngn ngmy khng c khi nimbinthay vo l a

ch nh, thanh ghi (lutrm lnh, dliu)

ddng lptrnh hndng k hium githay cho cc s

biudinach nh, cc tn (label, tn bin, tn chngtrnh)

Hpngrtgnvingn ngmy nhnglicon ngihiu

v sdngtthnngn ngmy

V d: Ghi gi tr5 vo thanh ghi $4

Ngn ngmy: 00110100 0000100 00000000 00000101

Hpng : ori $4, $0, 5


11/27

Lu11

V mibvi xl c 1 cutrc thanh ghi v

tplnh(ngn ng) ring nn khi lptrnh

hpngphini r l lptrnh cho bvi xlno, hay dng (family) vi xl no

V d:

Hpngcho MIPS

Hpngcho dng vi xl Intel 80x86


12/27

Tholun12

Ta c thhnh dung nhsau:

High-levellanguage

MachineLaguage

What is it? Assemblylanguage

What is it?

Compiler Assembler

temp = v[k];

v[k] = v[k+1];v[k+1] = temp;

lw $t0, 0($2)

lw $t1, 4($2)sw $t1, 0($2)

sw $t0, 4($2)

0000 1001 1100

0110 1111 0101..


13/27

Compiler13

Trnh bin dchngn ngcpcao hpng

Compiler phthucvo:

Ngn ngcpcao cbin dch

Kintrc hthngphncngbn dim n

angchy

V d:

Compiler cho C Compiler cho Java

Compiler choC on Windows C on Linux


14/27

Assembler14

Trnh bin dchhpngngn ngmy

Mtbvi xl (ikm 1 blnhxc nh) c thc

nhiuAssembler canhiunh cung cpkhc nhauchytrn cc OS khc nhau

V d: Cng l kintrc x86, nhngc thdng A86, GAS,

TASM, MASM, NASM

Assembly program phthucvo Assembler m n

sdng(do cc mrng, cimkhc nhau gia

cc Assembler)


15/27

Tholun15

Bnthn Compiler cngl chngtrnh, vyn c

bin dchbngg?

Assembler Sau khi bin dchtptin m ngunngn ngcp

cao thnh tptin m my (machine language), lm

sao chynhngtptin ny trn my tnh?Linker & Loader


16/27

Linker16

Thctkhi lptrnh, ta sdng nhiufile

(header / source) lin ktv km theo cc th

vinc sn

Cnchngtrnh Linker lin ktcc file

sau khi bin dchthnh m my ny(Object file)

Tptin thcthi (v d: .exe, .bat, .sh)


17/27

Qu trnh tofile thcthi17

Khi double click vo nhngtptin thcthi, cnchng

trnh tnh ton v tivo memory CPU xl

Loader


18/27

Qu trnh thcthi file trn my18


19/27

V d19


20/27

M hnh thct20

Compiler v Assembler c thcbqua trong 1 strnghpcth Trong thct, c 1 scompiler c thtofile thcthi nhiunntng

kintrc bn dikhc nhau, cgil cross-platform compiler

Compiler cho Java

Cygwin

Code::Block Studio


21/27

Qu trnh thcthi file trn myJava program

21


22/27

HotngcaCPU khi xl lnh22

CPU xl lnhqua 2 bc, gil chu klnh:

Nplnh(Fetch): Di chuynlnhtmemory vo thanh ghi

(register) trong CPU

Thcthi lnh(Excute): Giim lnhv thcthi thao tc yu cu

Start Fetch nextInstruction

ExecuteInstruction Halt


23/27

Qu trnh nplnh(Fetch cycle)23

MAR PC MBR Memory IR MBR PC PC + 1

Thanh ghi PC (Program Counter) Luach(address) calnhspcnp

Thanh ghi MAR (Memory Address Register) Luach(address) scoutput ra Address bus

Thanh ghi MBR (Memory Buffer Register) Lugi tr(value) scinput / output tData bus

Thanh ghi IR (Instruction Register) Lum lnhscxl tip

Control Unit di chuynm lnh, cachtrong PC, vo thanh ghi IR

Mcnh, gi trthanh ghi PC stng1 lng= chiudi calnhvacnp


24/27

V d24

x = x + y

0001000001000000000000010000110001000010000000010001000000000001 01000000

x

y

PC R1

IR

CPU

00010011

000100000100000000000001ALU

ach Lnh(Instruction)

00010000 x R100010011 R1+y R100010110 R1 x.01000000 .01000010 .

Chngtrnh

RAM

CPU


25/27

Quy trnh thcthi lnh(Execute Cycle)25

Cc bcny clpilplicho ttccc lnhtiptheo

Quy trnh ny gil Instruction cyclevng lpxl lnh

Tnh achlnh

Nplnh

Giim lnh

Tnh achca

ton hngNpton hng

Thchinlnh

Tnh achca

ton hngchaktqu

Ghi ktqu


26/27

Mtscu hi26

Ngn nglptrnh gingv khc ngn ngtnhin cacon

ngi nhngimno?

Tisao cnnhiuloingn nglptrnh: C, C++, C#, VB,

Java?

Mtchngtrnh khng khai bo binno cth c sdng

bnhkhng?

Chngtrnh cthcthi trong RAM hay CPU?

Tisao file .exe chchyctrn Windows m khng th

chytrn Linux?


27/27

Homework27

Sch Petterson & Hennessy: cchng2

(ck2.12 v 2.13)

Ti liutham kho: c08_HP_AppA.pdf

04 lap trinh hn phan 1

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