03 - relative density and absorption - memphis handouts/03 - relative...civl 3137 2 important...
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Relative Density and Absorption
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CIVL 3137 2
Important Properties
Hardness (resistance to wear)Durability (resistance to weathering)
Shape and surface texture
Relative density and absorptionGradation
Deleterious substancesCrushing strength
Soft and lightweight particlesChemical stability
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CIVL 3137 3
Absorption
Dry SSD Wet
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CIVL 3137 4
Absorption
AW
D
M% Abs 100%M
MD
MAW
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Question
A 1-ft3 bucket holds 100 lb. of aggregate. How much volume is occupied by the air and how much by the aggregate particles?
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Particle Density
Particle density is the ratio of the massof an aggregate particle to its own volume(also called mass density of solids).
3 3
M kg gor
V m cm
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Particle Density
Particle density can also be expressedas the ratio of the weight of an aggregateparticle to its own volume.
CIVL 3137 7
3
W lbV ft
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Relative Density
Relative density is the mass densityof an object relative to the mass densityof water (also called specific gravity).
w
RD w
M V
w
MV
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Relative Density
Relative density (specific gravity) canalso be expressed in weight-based units.
w
RD w
W V
w
WV
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Relative Density
Relative density depends on the volumeyou assume for the aggregate particles.
NetVolume
BulkVolume
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CIVL 3137 11
Relative Density
It also depends on the mass you assumefor the aggregate particles.
SSDMass
DryMass
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Apparent Relative Density
D
NA
w
MR
VD
Net volume
CIVL 3137 12
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Bulk (OD) Relative Density
D
BB
w
MR
VD
Bulk volume
CIVL 3137 13
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SSD Relative Density
SSD
BSSD
wVM
RD
SSD aggregate
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Example
An aggregate sample has an oven-dry mass of3954.2 g, an SSD mass of 4006.8 g, and a netvolume of 1532.6 cm3.
Find RDA, RDB, RDSSD, and %Abs
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Question
A 1-ft3 bucket holds 100 lb of aggregate from the last example. How much volume is occupied by the air and how much by the aggregate particles?
CIVL 3137 18
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Question
A 1-m3 bucket holds 1500 kg of aggregate from the last example. How much volume is occupied by the air and how much by the aggregate particles?
CIVL 3137 21
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Measuring Relative Density
CIVL 3137 24
Lab 4.8-2
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Measuring Relative Density
w
MRD
Vmass of water displaced
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Measuring Relative Density
aggregate
water displaced
MRD
M
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CIVL 3137 27
Buoyancy
Mwater displaced × g
Min water × g
=Min air × g
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CIVL 3137 28
Measuring Relative Density
water displaced in air in waterM M M
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CIVL 3137 29
Apparent Relative Density
in air
Ain
OD
ODair in water
MRD
M M
Net volume
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CIVL 3137 30
Bulk (OD) Relative Density
in air
Bin aSSD
OD
ir in water
MRD
M M
Bulk volume
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CIVL 3137 31
SSD Relative Density
in air
SSDi
SSD
SSDn air in water
MRD
M M
Bulk volume
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Measuring Relative Density
CIVL 3137 32
Lab 4.8-3
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CIVL 3137 33
Measuring Relative Density
Mwater MblendMsand
~ 500 g
~ 500 g
~ 500 g
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Measuring Relative Density
water displaced water sand blendM M M M
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CIVL 3137 35
Apparent Relative Density
sandA
water sand
OD
ODblend
MRD
M M M
Net volume
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CIVL 3137 36
Bulk (OD) Relative Density
sandB
waterSsandS
blend
D
D
OMRD
M M M
Bulk volume
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CIVL 3137 37
SSD Relative Density
sandSSD
water sand
SSD
SSblen
Dd
MRD
M M M
Bulk volume
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Achieving an SSD State
Coarse aggregate should be soaked in room temperature water for 24±4 h then rolled in a large absorbent cloth to remove all visible surface moisture.
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Achieving an SSD State
Fine aggregate should be brought to a moisture content of at least 6% and allowed to stand for 24±4 h. Aggregate is then spread out on a nonabsorbent surface and air is blown across it until it attains a free flowing condition.
CIVL 3137 39
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Achieving an SSD State
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