023 bp refining

7/29/2019 023 Bp Refining

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BP: RefiningOpportunities

KeithZinkCherryPointRefineryCokerEngineer2001CSMGraduate(CEPR)


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AboutMe

GraduatedfromCSMin2001(CEPR)

ContractProcessDesignEngineer(5yr)

BP

Chevron

ConocoPhillips

Shell(Equilon,Texaco)

PetroStar

EnergyEngineeratBPCherryPointRefinery(3yr)

DelayedCokerUnitProcessEngineer


3/27

AboutBP

1.SomeMobilemployeesbecamepartofBPstaffpostdissolutionofJVinEurope

2.BPacquiredsomeBelgiumassets


4/27

Cherry Point Refinery

Carson Refinery

Texas City Complex

Toledo Refinery

BP U.S. Downstream Business Units

Refining and Manufacturing

Whiting Refinery


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Downstream RefiningandMarketing

Refining receives the crude oilProduced by E&P and upgradesit to valuable products. Gasolineis the largest product from refining,

but others include hydrogen,natural gas, jet fuel, diesel fuel,asphalt, coke, elemental sulfur, motor oil, and chemicalfeedstocks. Marketing is the most visible Link between

our company and the general public (consumer) andfocuses on providing the highest quality gasoline inconjunction with convenience retailing. BP is the secondlargest marketer of gasoline in the U.S.


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RawCrudevs.RefinedProduct

0

20

40

60

80

100

PercentofB

arrel

Raw Crude Refined Crude

Fuel Gas, LPG

Gasoline

Jet Fuel

Diesel

Gasoil

Coke


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CherryPointRefinery


8/27

CherryPointRefinery

2nd Newest Refinery in the U.S.

Designed to run 100 kBD ANS Crude, currently capable of 230+ kBD

ANS supply on decline, so working to diversify crude feed

capabilities

Economies of scale in action large, single train equipment soreliability is critical. Industry leader in operating costs.

A lot of exciting projects going on:

ULSD upgrades

~$1B in capital investment over next 5 years


9/27

CareerPathsforEngineers

Technical Ladder: Becomeatechnicalexpertin

oneormorefields.Leadtechnologistsassistgloballytohelpsolvethemostchallenging

problems.

Management Track: Manyopportunitiesforengineerstopursuerolesatvariouslevelsofmanagement.

Commercial: Opportunitiesintherealmofproductionplanningand/oroursupplyandtrading

organization(IST).


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EngineersResponsibilities

First and Foremost -License to operate:

Ensureyourunitissafeandoperatinginanenvironmentally

responsiblemanner.

Nothingisasimportantasensuringthateveryone

goeshomesafeattheendoftheday.


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AnEngineersDuties

Serveasgeneraltechnicalresourcetooperations.

Providetechnicalsupportandtroubleshootingtotheunits.

Ensurethatunitoperateswithinenvironmentalpermitlimitations.

Helpdevelopandimplementcapitalprojectsandbestpracticeprocedures

toimproveprocessoperation.

UnderstandandcommunicateimpactsofdecisionsonCompany,Refinery,

&Operationsgoals.

Monitortheperformanceofthefractionationtowers,catalysts,material

balances,productspecifications,reactoryields,andenergyconsumptionto

optimizeperformance.

Provideengineeringsupportforturnarounds.

Providetechnicaltrainingandcoachingforprocessoperationsstaff.


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AboutCokers

Mostcrudesyieldaheavyfractioncalled:resid

LeftoverfromCrudeunitaftereasystuffremoved.

Madeupofheavylongchainhydrocarbonsandlargearomaticrings

Limitedpracticalcommercialusage:asphalt,

Asphaltdemandlimitedtoseasonalusageandroads.

Cokingdevelopedtoupgradelowervalueresid tohighervaluedliquid

products.

Cokingisagrowingtechnology.

Startedinthe1930sandstillalargepartofthefutureinrefining.

Severaltechnologiesbutdelayedcokingmostpopular.

Availablecrudesaregettingheavieryieldingmoreresid.

Heavycrudesgenerallycheaperduetolimitedglobalcokingcapacity.


13/27

Howitworks ReactionBasics

Adelayedcokerisoperatesasasemi-batchprocess.

Thisisaconversionunit:

Weareconvertingmoleculesbasedontwodifferentprocesses: Cracking Hydrocarbons(diesel,stove,gasoline,lpg,andfuelgas)

Condensationorpolymerization- Coke

Overallthisisanendothermicreactionwithneededenergyprovidedbytwolarge

firedheaters. Reactionsareafunctionoftemperature,pressure,andvelocityinthecokedrums.

Unitrateislimitedprimarilybythesizeofthecokedrums.


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Coker- TheBasicBuildingBlocks

Furnaces-theheartofthecoker

Runlengthlimitedbycokinginthefurnaces

CokeDrums

Combinationtower

Fractionatesheavierliquidhydrocarbonsintodiesel(HCGO&

LCGO)andstove.

Gastreating

WetGasCompressor

Lighterhydrocarbonsfractionatedintogasoline(Hvy/LtNaphtha),

lpg andfuelgas.

Providesasmuchas70%oftheconsumedfuelgasinthe

refinery.

Blowdown

Recoverventgasandminimizeimpacttoenvironment.


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Structure

Heaters

Prefractionator (combination)

Dehex (gas treating)

Stabilizer


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CokerFurnaces

Supplyheatforreaction.

Resid heatedfrom700Fto935F(cokingtemperatures).

Condensation/Thermallycrackingreactionsbegins.

1furnaceperpairofdrums.2furnacestotal

Tubevelocityandheatinputratecritical

Operationoutsidespecifiedconditionscouldresultincoked

furnacetubes

Highoxygencontentinburnerboxpromotesbetterheat

distribution

Cokemustberemovedfromafurnaceevery6monthsto1

yearbymechanicalpiggingcalleddecoke


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CokerDrums

Wherethemajorityofthereactionoccurs.

SeparationofCokeandliquidhydrocarbons.

Thermalcyclinglimitsdrumlife.(amb tempto900degF)

CPcokerapproximate27.5ftdiameterby100ftT-T

Pieceofequipmentthatusuallylimitsunitrate.

Drumschedule Drumsteam-out(45minutes)

Coolingwater(4hours)

Vent/Drain(1.5hours)

Unhead(0.5hours) Drill(3hours)

Head(0.5hours)

SteamPurge&Pressuretest(3hours)

Warm-up(2-hours)

SwitchintodrumforCoking(16hrs)


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ASemi-BatchProcess


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CokerFractionation

Heatrequiredforfractionationdeliveredbycokedrumeffluent enteringthebottomof

thefractionator.

Productsfromheavytolightintower:

Heaterfeed

Heavygasoil

Lightgasoil(diesel)

Stove(Kero)

Naphtha

Fuelgas

Fractionationinaharshenvironment

Cokeformation Carry-over

Pumparoundloopsexisttoremoveheatfromtower

Heatintegratedforenergyefficiency


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Whatcangowrong?

Drumfoamovers

ShotCoke Bottom/TopDe-Heading

Drilling(hotspots)

Drumoverfill

Cokedovhdfouling

Combinationtowerfouling

SafetyMoment- 1998Equilon

DCUFatalities


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TAR BusiestTimeAtARefinery


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TAR:AChanceToGetYourHandsDirty.


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AttentionToDetailWillMakeYourJobEasier


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CrudeSchedulingataGlance

ANSsupplyondowntrend,soworkingtodiversifyfeedbyprocessingmore

alternatecrude:

WAF

ArabSours

Escalante(mostlyforcokeproperties)

CanadianHeavies

Schedulingrequirescarefullymanaging: Crudereceiptsandlogistics;constrainedbydockoutages,limited

storage,crudecompatibility,andeventheweather!

Totalcrudeinventory nottoolow,nottoomuch.

Productqualityspecifications(fromdieselTANtocrudeOVHDchloridestocalcinedcokehardness).

Economicoptimization/assetutilization.

Provideinputtocrudepurchasingdecisions&strategies.


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TipsForFindingaJobInRefining

Internships- Providevaluableexperienceandinsighttoindustrywhichaidsindiscussionduringinterviews;however,notessential.

HeatandMassTransfer,Fluids,Kinetics,ProcessControl,

PetroleumRefining,GasProcessing,ProcessDesign,Economic

Evaluation..allthegood stuff!

Communicationskills- Essentialtogetanythingdoneatarefinery

BackgroundknowledgeaboutOilindustry.

Willingnesstotakeonnewchallengesandworkasateamtomeet

them.


26/27

WhybuildacareerwithBP?

Excellent colleagues

World leader in trading

Pioneer in clean fuels

Strong push for innovation

Global opportunity Challenging & rewarding

If interested, register at the CSM career center AND registerwith BP at:

http://www.bp.com/uscollegecareers


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Questions?

023 bp refining

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