01_rig components & personel

BASIC MUD LOGGINGBASIC MUD LOGGING

A.A. Operating Company.Operating Company.B.B. Drilling Contractor.Drilling Contractor.C.C. Drilling Service Companies.Drilling Service Companies.

I- WELL PLANNIGI- WELL PLANNIG

1- LAND RIGS.1- LAND RIGS.

2- OFF SHORE RIGS..2- OFF SHORE RIGS..

2- RIG TYPES & COMPONENTS2- RIG TYPES & COMPONENTS

2- LAND RIGS2- LAND RIGS

2- OFF SHORE RIGS2- OFF SHORE RIGS

• 1.Jack - up Rigs. • Those rigs drill in water

depths up to 400 ft• 1- Provide a fixed platform.• 2- does not need a marine

riser or subsea stack.

2. SEMI SUBMERSIBLES.2. SEMI SUBMERSIBLES.1- can work in water up to 1- can work in water up to 2000 ft.2000 ft.

2- has a god safety records.2- has a god safety records.

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

1- need marine risers and 1- need marine risers and subseastack.subseastack.

2- has limited cargo capacity.2- has limited cargo capacity.

OFF SHORE RIGS OFF SHORE RIGS (continue)(continue)

floats

2. Drilling Ships.2. Drilling Ships.1- can work in ultra deep 1- can work in ultra deep water; more than 2000 ft.water; more than 2000 ft.

2- self propelled.2- self propelled.

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

1- need marine risers and 1- need marine risers and subseastack.subseastack.

2- not as stable as jackups 2- not as stable as jackups and semisub.and semisub.


4. Platform Rigs.4. Platform Rigs.A rig installed on a fixed A rig installed on a fixed marine plate form.marine plate form.

Can support several rigs.Can support several rigs.


Land Rig ComponentsLand Rig Components

1- Mast or Derrick.1- Mast or Derrick.

((is the framework-((is the framework-tower type of tower type of

support usually support usually associated with oil associated with oil

well drilling)).well drilling)).


1.1- Monkey Board.1.1- Monkey Board.

((the platform which ((the platform which support he stands)).support he stands)).

1.1- V-Door.1.1- V-Door.

((a triangular opening ((a triangular opening on the front of the on the front of the derrick to allow drill derrick to allow drill pipes to be pick up pipes to be pick up from the cat walk)).from the cat walk)).


2- Crown.2- Crown.

2.1- Crown Sheaves.2.1- Crown Sheaves.

2.2- Drilling Line.2.2- Drilling Line.

2.3- Travelling Block.2.3- Travelling Block.

2.4- Hook.2.4- Hook.


3- Elevators.3- Elevators.

Two elevators are used Two elevators are used in pipe lifting and not in pipe lifting and not used while drilling used while drilling


4- Substructure.4- Substructure.

This is the support on This is the support on which the derrick restwhich the derrick rest


5- Rotary Table.5- Rotary Table.

1. Transmits the rotation 1. Transmits the rotation to the drill string.to the drill string.

2. Suspend the drill 2. Suspend the drill string during connections string during connections & trips& trips


• Slips• These devices are

used to hold the weight of the drill string when it is not supported by the hook (during connections or tripping time).


5- kelly.5- kelly.

This is the topmost joint in the drill string and is 40-45 feet in length. It is commonly square or hexagonal. The kelly passes through the rotary table and transmits the table rotation to the drill string via the kelly bushing.


5- Rotary Table.5- Rotary Table.

1. Transmits the rotation 1. Transmits the rotation to the drill string.to the drill string.

2. Suspend the drill 2. Suspend the drill string during connections string during connections & trips& trips


5- SWEVEL.5- SWEVEL.

The swivel supports the drill string and allows rotation at the same time. It also allows the passage of drilling fluid from the rotary hose into the drill string. The swivel performs a very tough job


7- TOP DRIVE.7- TOP DRIVE.

Replaced kelly and kelly bushing and it rotates the string as well

1. drilling to be carried out stand by stand instead.2.Top drive is not removed during trips.

Drilling String ComponentsDrilling String Components

This term includes all the components used to drill below the kelly or top drive; and it can include the following components:-

1- 1- Drill Pipe & Tool Joints ..

2- 2- Heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP..

3- 3- Drill Collars4- Rotary Bits


3. Stabilizers: of a blade type construction. Drilling fluid can pass freely between the blades while the outer edge of the blades contacts the wall of the hole and holds the drill collars firmly centered in the hole. They do exactly as their name implies, they provide stability to the bit and collars.


• Reamers: These usually have the same diameter as the bit and are run a little distance above it

• Under-reamers: Used opening out a hole below a restriction such as imposed by the blow-out preventer assembly.

• Hole Openers: Used for drilling large diameter holes. They have replaceable cutters and serve the same function as an underreamer except they are not collapsible and can only be used when there is no restriction smaller than the hole size they drill.


Rotary Bits

1. Drag Bits:- no moving parts but drill by the shovelling action of their blade on the formation.

2. Roller Bits:- have rotating cones.

Three cone bits (Tri-Cone) are the most widely used in the oil field.


3. Diamond Bits:- These are designed to drill by the scraping action of diamonds set in a steel matrix. This type of bits is normally used in hard formations where long bit life and the subsequent reduction in trip time are desirable.

Some Off shore ComponentsSome Off shore Components

Heave (Motion) Heave (Motion) Compansation.Compansation.

1- Drill string 1- Drill string compensator.compensator.

2- Riser & Guideline 2- Riser & Guideline TensionersTensioners

Mud PumpsMud Pumps

• 1.Double-acting Pumps (Duplex): - This means that both sides of the piston are used for pumping.

• 2.Single-acting Pumps (Triplex): - These only one side of the piston is used for pumping, that is, the cylinder is then filling or discharging

1- Shale shaker.1- Shale shaker.

2- Desander.2- Desander.

3- Desilter.3- Desilter.

4- Degaser.4- Degaser.

5- Mud cleaner.5- Mud cleaner.

6- Centrifuge.6- Centrifuge.

Solid Control EquipmentSolid Control Equipment

Blow Out Preventor (BOP)Blow Out Preventor (BOP)

• a means of closing-off the annular space between the drill pipe and casing

• 1- Annular Preventors.• 2- Ram Preventors.

BOP’SBOP’S

List of Common Drilling Terms

Abandon : To cease producing oil or gas from a well.

Abnormal Pressure :Pressure exerted by a formation exceeding normalpressure for any given depth.

Acidize :To inject Hcl into a calcareous formation underpressure, that causes, enlargement of fissures andimprovement of permeability characteristics.

Annular BOP :A large valve installed above the ram preventers.

Annular Space :The space between drill string and casing or openhole.

API :American petroleum Institute; founded in 1920,this organisation aims for standardisation in the oilfield.

Back off :To unscrew one threaded section from another aswith pipe.

Barite :Ba S04, a mineral used to weight up drilling fluid.

Barrel :42 US. Gallon = 158.97 litres 1m3 = 6.2897 bbls.

Basket Sub :Fishing accessory run above a bit or mill torecover small pieces of junk.

Bit breaker :Device for breaking out the bit from the string.

Blow-out Preventer BOP’s :Equipment installed to prevent the uncontrolledescape of gas oil or salt water from the well.

Breakout :To unscrew one section of pipe from anothergenerally during pulling of pipe. The tongs are usedin this operation.

Calibre Log :A record of the diameter of the wellboreindicating washout or enlargements due to casings.

Cap a well :To control a blow-out by placing a very strongvalve on the well bore.

Casing shoe :A short heavy hollow cylindrical steel- concretesection with a rounded bottom placed on the end ofthe casing shoe. Also called a guide shoe.

Fish :An object left in the well that need be recovered.

Fracturing :A method to stimulate production from a poorlypermeable zone by pressuring open the fissuresjacking them open with beads or such like, thenreleasing this pressure.

Gas cut mud :A drilling mud with entrained formation gas,causing reduced weight.

Joint :A single length of drill pipe, casing or drill collar.

Kelly saver sub :A short sub placed between kelly and drill pipe tosave excessive wear on the kelly threads.

Kelly spinner :A pneumatically operated device mound on the topof the kelly that turns the kelly. useful in making uppipe.

Latch on :To attach the elevators to a section of pipe to pullit, or run it, into hole.

Monkeyboard : A platform on derrick from which the derrickmanworks while triping.

Mouse-hole :An opening in the rig floor, pipe lined, that singlesare placed in before making up.

Mudman :The mud engineer.

Nipple up :To assemble the BOP stack onto the well.

Perforate :To pierce the casing and cement for the purpose ofallowing formation fluids to enter the productionpiping.

Pull out :To trip string out of the hole.

Rat hole :Either a line hole in the rig floor on that the kellyis kept during trips, or a hole of smaller diameterdrilled at the bottom of the main hole.

Round trip :To trip out, then into the hole.

Run in :To trip pipe into the hole.

Sheave :A grooved pulley.

Sidetrack :To drill around a blocked well bore by kicking offa new hole at an angle to the original.

Stuck pipe :Drill string, casing or tubing that has becomeimmovable in the hole.

Sub :A short length of pipe, threaded at each end, usedto adapt different pats of the drill string thatotherwise would not connect, or else to perform aspecialist function e.g. junk sub, kelly saver sub.

T.D. :Abbreviation of total depth - the end of the well.

Tight hole :Under gauge hole section through which it isdifficult to pull the drill string. Or a well about thatinformation is restricted.

Tongs :The large wrenches used for making up orbreaking out drill pipe.

Work Pipe :Moving the drill string up and down in the holewhilst not rotating to prevent sticking.

Wiper trip :A short trip up into casing then back to bottom toclean out the hole, to check for gauge, and toreduce the danger of getting stuck.

Common Rig TermsCommon Rig Terms

Rig PersonnelRig Personnel Company Man or Company Representative:

The operator representative usually a drilling engineer employed by the oilcompany engaged in drilling.

Tool Pusher:

A drilling foreman or rig superintendent.

Driller :

Employee in charge of the “brake” responsible for making hole as quickly aspossible.

Assistant Driller:

Assists driller in “making hole” and general jobs around the rig.

Derrick Man:

Responsible for stacking pipe in derrick during trips. Operates from monkey boardattached by safety harness. Assist mud engineer to mix mud.

Roughnecks/ Floor hands:

General workers under supervision of the driller.

Rig Mechanic :

Keeps the rig running smoothly. Controls maintenance of rig.

Motorman Rig Electrician Rig Welder:

Keep the motors running.

Mud Engineer:

Controls properties of drilling fluid within limits specified by operator.

Mud Loggers :

Produce mud log of the well. Responsible for detecting changes in volume ofsurface mud, changes of drilling parameters and the presence of hydrocarbons.

Offshore Personnel

Captain : Responsible for the rig as a marine vessel. He will hole a masters certificate, and

is in command during rig moves.

01_rig components & personel

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