01b - forms & classification of energy

5/24/2018 01B - Forms & Classification of Energy

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The World of Energy

1.2. Forms & Classification of Energy

Chapter 1 World Energy Overview


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Sources of Energy

Chemical Fossil fuels (Combustion)

Nuclear Uranium (Fission of atoms)

Energy

Non-Renewable

Renewable

Chemical Muscular (Oxidization)

Nuclear

Geothermal (Conversion) Fusion (Fusion of hydrogen)

Gravity Tidal, hydraulic (Kinetic)

Indirect Solar Biomass (Photosynthesis)

Wind (Pressure differences)Direct Solar Photovoltaic cell (Conversion)


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Types of Fossil Fuels

Petroleum (oil)

Natural Gas

Coal

Oil Shale

Tar Sands


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Conventional natural gas

Free natural gas (Non associated)

Oil associated gas

Non-conventional natural gas

Tight gas

Coal bed methane (CBM)

Aquifer gas

Gas hydrates

2nd ASPO workshop, Paris, May 26/27

Natural Gas Resources


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Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Conventional

Petroleum

Natural Gas Coal

Nuclear

Unconventional (examples)

Oil Shale

Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment


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Renewable Energy Sources

Solar photovoltaics

Solar thermal power

Passive solar air and water heating

Wind

Hydropower

Biomass Ocean energy

Geothermal

Waste to Energy


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Renewable Energy Technologies

Solar Photovoltaics - Flat Plate Photovoltaics - Concentrator Solar Thermal Parabolic

Trough Solar Thermal Dish/Stirling

Solar Thermal CentralReceiver

Solar Ponds

Hydropower Conventional Pumped Storage Micro-hydro

Ocean Tidal Energy

Thermal Energy Conversion

Wind Horizontal Axis Turbine Vertical Axis Turbine

Biomass Direct Combustion Gasification/Pyrolysis Anaerobic Digestion

Geothermal

Dry Steam Flash Steam Binary Cycle Heat Pump

Direct Use


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Forms of Energy

The five main forms of

energy are: Heat

Chemical

Electromagnetic

Nuclear

Mechanical


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Heat Energy

The internal motion of the atoms is calledheat energy, because moving particles

produce heat

Heat energy can be produced by friction

Heat energy causes changes in temperatureand phase of any form of matter.


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Chemical Energy

Chemical Energy is required to bond

atoms together

When bonds are broken, energy isreleased.


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Chemical Energy

Fuel and food areforms of storedchemical energy.


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Electromagnetic Energy

Power lines carry electromagnetic energy into yourhome in the form of electricity.


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Electromagnetic Energy

Light is a form ofelectromagnetic energy

Each color of light (Roy GBv) represents a differentamount of electromagneticenergy

Electromagnetic Energy isalso carried by X-rays, radiowaves, and laser light.


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Nuclear Energy

The nucleus of an atom

is the source of nuclearenergy

When the nucleussplits (fission), nuclearenergy is released inthe form of heatenergy and lightenergy.

Nuclear energy is alsoreleased when nucleicollide at high speedsand join (fuse).


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Nuclear Energy

produced from anuclear fusion reactionin which hydrogennuclei fuse to formhelium nuclei


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Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy isthe most

concentrated formof energy.

Most of us live within10 miles of the SurryNuclear Power Plantwhich convertsnuclear energy into

electromagneticenergy.


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Mechanical Energy

When work is done to anobject, it acquiresenergy. The energy itacquires is known as

mechanical energy When you kick a football,

you give mechancalenergy to the football tomake it move.


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Mechanical Energy

When you throw abowling ball, you give itenergy. When thatbowling ball hits thepins, some of the energy

is transferred to the pins(transfer of momentum).


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Energy Conversion

Energy can be changed from one form to another

Changes in the form of energy are called energyconversions

All forms of energy can be converted into otherforms

converted directly into electricity.

(electromagnetic) into starches and sugars(chemical energy)

Other Energy Conversion In an electric motor, electromagnetic energy is

converted to mechanical energy.

In a battery, chemical energy is converted intoelectromagnetic energy. The mechanical energy of a waterfall is converted to

electrical energy in a generator.


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Energy Conversions

In an automobile engine, fuel is burned to convertchemical energy into heat energy. The heat energy isthen changed into mechanical energy.


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Chemical Heat Mechanical


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States of Energy

The most common energy conversion is theconversion between potential and kineticenergy

All forms of energy can be in either of twostates:

Potential

Kinetic


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Kinetic and Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion The faster an object moves, the more kinetic

energy it has.

The greater the mass of a moving object, the morekinetic energy it has.

Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity.

Potential Energy is stored energy

Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus of atom, andin foods.

Or stored because of the work done on it:

Stretching a rubber band.

Winding a watch.

Lifting a brick high in the air.


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Kinetic Energy

K.E. = mass x velocity

2

What has a greater affect of kinetic energy, mass orvelocity? Why?


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Gravitational Potential Energy

Potentialenergy that isdependent on

height is calledgravitationalpotentialenergy.


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Potential Energy

Energy that is stored due to being stretchedor compressed is called elastic potentialenergy.


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A waterfall, a suspension bridge, and a fallingsnowflake all have gravitational potential energy.


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If you stand on a 3-

meter diving board,you have 3 times theG.P.E, than you hadon a 1-meter divingboard.


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have greater G.P.E.

The formula to find G.P.E. is

G.P.E. = Weight X Height.


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Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion

Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built intothe system.

Initially, the cars are pulled mechanically up the tallest hill,giving them a great deal of potential energy.

From that point, the conversion between potential and kineticenergy powers the cars throughout the entire ride.


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Kinetic vs. Potential Energy

At the point of maximum potential energy, the car

has minimum kinetic energy.


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Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions

As a basketballplayer throws theball into the air,

various energyconversions takeplace.


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Kinetic vs Potential Energy Conversion


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The Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can be neither created nor destroyedby ordinary means

It can only be converted from one form toanother

If energy seems to disappear, then scientistslook for it leading to many importantdiscoveries.


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Law of Conservation of Energy

In 1905, Albert Einstein said that massand energy can be converted into each

other

He showed that if matter is destroyed,energy is created, and if energy is

destroyed mass is created.

E = MC2

01b - forms & classification of energy

Documents

forms of energy

nuclear energy

calledheat energy

energy isreleased

electromagnetic energy

friction heat energy

chemical energy fuel

form ofelectromagnetic