01 ma4878course-layout 4spp
TRANSCRIPT
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Course Layout
MA4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Dr. Rajkumar S. Pant Dr. Lou Kok Yong
Visiting Professor Adj. Asst. Prof.
MAE @NTU
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Lectures: 26 hours
Lab/project: 39 hours
Pre-requisites:
MA3701 Aerodynamics
MA3703 Flight Dynamics
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
ObjectivesThis course aims to provide the students with the knowledge ondesign aspects of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in terms ofconsideration of UAV subsystems, such as Aerodynamics,Payloads, Sensors, Flight control systems, and Propulsion. The
whole UAV system integration issues will also be covered Outcomes1. Understand the components building up to a UAV system
2. Understand functionalities of various UAV subsystems
3. Appreciate UAV design considerations based on missionrequirements
4. Appreciate integration challenges of various UAV subsystems
Course Objectives & Outcomes
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Breakdown of Lectures
Dr. Rajkumar Pant
11th Jan to 22nd Feb
TITLE HRS
Introduction 1
Overview of UAV Systems 3
Aerodynamics Considerations 4
Propulsion 2
Performance 3
TOTAL 13
Dr. Lou Kok Yong
7th Mar to 18th Apr
TITLE HRS
Flight Modeling & Simulations 3
Flight Control Systems. 3
Payload and Sensors 3
Other UAV Types 4
TOTAL 13
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Five Capsules
Introduction (1)Definition of UAV Systems. Historical overview. Scope and coverage
Overview of UAV Systems (3)Aerial vehicles. Mission planning. Launch and recovery. Payloads and sensors.Data links. Ground support equipment. Classes of UAV systems.
Aerodynamics Considerations (4)Review of aerodynamics. Aerodynamic considerations for various UAV types.Determination of aerodynamic parameters for analysis
Propulsion (2)
Propulsion Systems for UAV. IC engines. Gas turbines. Other propulsivetechniques: e.g. flapping wings.
Performance (3)Performance measures for various UAV. Flight performance considerations:speed, range, endurance, maneuverability. Launch and recovery performance.Unconventional maneuvers
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Evaluation Scheme
Continuous Assessment: 50%
Dr. Rajkumar Pant 25%
o Project based submissions
Dr. Lou Kok Yong 25%
Final Examination: 50%
Closed Book examination
Duration 2 hours
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Course and Reference Books
Textbook
P. Fahlstrom, T. Gleason,Introduction to UAV Systems,2nd edition, UAV SystemsInc., Columbia, MD, USA,2005.
References
P. Castillo et al., Modellingand Control of Mini-FlyingMachines, Springer-Verlag,2005.
T. Mueller et al., Introductionto the Design of Fixed-WingMicro Air Vehicles, AIAAEducation Series, 2007.
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Course Material on NTU Learn
Most communication by e-mail
Hand Phones to be switched off (not mute)
Or else I get to answer !
Questions and Interruptions Welcome !
Course Policies
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Office : N3.2-02-45
Phone: 67906891
Meetings mostly by prior appointments
Open Door policy for quick doubts
My Contact Details
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
MY BACKGROUND
Who am I ??
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Academic
Three degrees in Aeronautical Engineering
Bachelors
oPunjab Engineering College Chandigarh, India, 1979-83
Masterso Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, 1984-86
oSponsored by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Doctoral
oCollege of Aeronautics, Cranfield University, UK, 1993-97
oCommonwealth Scholarship Commission in UK
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Work Experience
Five years industrial experience
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Kanpur (1984-88)
oDo-228 and HS-748 structural modifications
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Nashik (1988-89)
oMiG 27-M and -21 Aerodynamics & Flight Testing
~25 years teaching & research @ IIT Bombay
Lecturer (1989-90)
Asst. Prof. (1990-01)
Associate Prof. (2001-12)
Prof. (2012 )
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Aircraft I have mainly worked on
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Other aircraft I worked on
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Aircraft I have flown (in the cockpit !)
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UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
My Research Portfolio
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Overview
Technical vetting of Vihang Netra Mk-I
Design of a Snow UAV
Multicriteria Optimization of Snow UAV
Conceptual Design of Vihang Netra Mk-II
Conceptual Design of Hand Launched UAV
Aerodynamic Analysis of Flapping Wing UAV
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
TECHNICAL VETTING OF DESIGN
VIHANG Netra Mk-1 UAV for SASE
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VIHANG NETRA Mk-I
Short Range Unmanned Surveillance System
Key Specifications
Range 30 Km
Endurance 2 hours
Payload 25 Kg
Max Altitude 15000 feet (above MSL)
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Vihang Netra-Mk-1
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Trials at Gliding Center, Pune
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
monstration Flight
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Trials at Bhuntar Airfield in Kulu
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1 MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Landing at Helipad
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VIHANGA NETRA HIGH ALTITUDE TRIALS
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Trials with standing snow
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High Altitude Trials at Sissu
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DESIGN OF UAV FOR SASE
Case Study-II
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Specified Requirements
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Critical Requirements
Take off and Landing within 100m @ 12000ft
Maximum altitude of 18000 ft
Sustaining cross winds of 28 kmph
Wide temperature range of operation i.e.
from -300C to 500C
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Tools used
RDS-Professional
Advanced Aircraft
Analysis
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CONFIGURATIONS INVESTIGATED
DRAGONFLY SPARROW SHADOW-600
VULTURE SENTRY BLUE HORIZON
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Snow U V
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Multicriteria Optimization ofSNOWUAV
Dinesh Kumar
M. Tech. Project: 2009-10
Dineshkumar, M. and Pant, R. S., Conceptual Sizing and Multicriteria
Optimization of UAV for Snow Studies, Journal of Aerospace Sciences and
Technologies, Aeronautical Society of India, August 2013.
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Aim and ScopeAim
Conceptual sizing of a UAV
For snow studies in lower Himalayas
To set up a multi-objective optimization problem
Scope
Development of a methodology for UAV sizing
Optimize and compare results from different optimizers
Multi-objective optimization
Identification of conflicting objectives
Obtain Pareto front for the conflicting objectives
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Mission Specification
CLIMB
INITIALALTITUDE=100m
FINALALTITUDE = 3000m
MACHNO.= 0.5
CRUISE
ALTITUDE = 3000m
DISTANCE= 92.6km
MACH NUMBER= 0.6
LOITER
ALTITUDE = 3000m
DURATION= 30min
MACH NUMBER= 0.5
DASH
ALTITUDE = 3000m
DURATION= 5 min
MACH NUMBER= 0.8
MANEUVERALTITUDE = 2000m
NO. OFTURNS= 2
MACH NUMBER= 0.5
CRUISEALTITUDE = 2000m
DISTANCE= 92.6km
MACH NUMBER= 0.6
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Assumptions
Baseline Configuration of VN-Mk II
Sharma, S.C., Feasibility Study for the design and Development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
for the Evaluation of Snow Cover, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 2007
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Optimization
READ
POPULATION SIZE = NPNUMBRE OF GENERATION = NGSTRING LENGTH = LSCROSSOVER PROBABILITY=PCMUTATION PROBABILITY = PMINITIAL SEED = IS
INITIALIZE
POPULATION
GEN=1
FITNESS EVALUATION
REPRODUCTION
CROSSOVER
MUTATION
GEN=
NG
STOP
GEN=GEN+1
READ DESIGN VARIABLES
AND CONSTRAINTS
GEOMETRY
MASS
ESTIMATION
PACKAGING
CALCULATION
MISSION
PROFILE
ENGINE
DATA
AERODYNAMICS
PERFORMANCE
CALCULATION
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
AND PENELTY
ESTIMATION
GENETIC ALGORITHM UAV DESIGN ALGORITHM
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Design Variable Lower Limit Upper Limit
1 Aspect Ratio 6 10
2 Wing Span (m) 4 10
3 Wing t/c 10 20
4 Wing Setting Angle (deg) 0 5
5 Flap Area Percent 0.0 0.25
6 Propeller Radius (m) 0.2 0.8
7 Fuel Mass (kg) 1 8
8 Vehicle Length (m) 3 6
9 Design Mass (kg) 70 120
10 Air Brake CD0
0.5 1.98
Inputs
..ContinuedDesign Variables
Three Engine options available
Engine
Power
(kW)
Mass
(kg)
Length
(m)
Width
(m)
Height
(m)
LIMBACH L 275 E 15 7.8 0.4 0.26 0.26
Simonini Flying MINI 2 PLUS 19 18.3 0.25 0.26 0.45
UAV Engines AR 741 28 16 0.4 0.26 0.26
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Computed Constraint Type Reference
1 Mission fuel +reserve = Fuel Mass
2 Total Mass Computed = Total Mass
3 Takeoff Distance < 100 m
4 Landing Distance < 100 m
5 Wing Location + Wing Chord < Fuselage Length
6 Propeller Tip Mach number < 0.8
7 Stall Speed 1.5 < Design Speed
Constraints
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Multicriteria Optimization
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Multi-objective Optimization
Identification of Conflicting Objectives
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Pareto Front
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5
Stall Speed (m/s)
WingSpan(m)
1
23
45
6
7
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Aspect Ratio 7.26 6.31 6.0
Wing Span (m) 7.12 7.21 7.26 8.02 8.06 8.35 8.39
Wing t/c 15.48 18.71 20 17.42 17.42
Wing Setting Angle (deg) 0.48 0.0 0.48 0.32 1.13 0.32
Flap Area Fraction 0.25
Propeller Radius (m) 0.32 0.41 0.34
Fuel Mass (kg) 1.56 2.22 2.11 1.89
Vehicle Length (m) 3 5.67 3.29
Design Mass (kg) 70 88.82 95.1
AirBrake CD0 1.49 1.59 1.19 0.89 1.98
Engine L 275E
Objective Functions
Stall Speed (m/s) 7.43 7.01 6.92 6.76 6.55 6.5 6.46
Wing Span (m) 7.12 7.21 7.26 8.02 8.06 8.35 8.39
Design Variables of Pareto Front
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
501
2
3
45
6
7
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Design Variables Pareto Front
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Observations
Multi Objective Optimization
Seven non-dominating objectives obtained
Minimum stall speed 6.46 m/s @ wing span of 8.39 m
Minimum wing span 7.12 m @ stall speed of 7.43 m/s
LIMBACH 275 E powerplant is selected in all the cases
Maximum flap fraction of 0.25 is selected in all the cases
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Summary & Conclusions
Dedicated methodology for conceptual
sizing and optimization for one-class of
UAVs developed
Multi-criteria Optimization Evolutionary optimization Algorithm can find full Pareto front
Seven Pareto designs obtained offers various possibilities in the design
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
HAUSS PROJECT
Visiting Faculty @ Dept. of AOE, Virginia Tech, 2010-11
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Team Members:
Jason Berti Anish Bhatt
Donald Brooks Michael Hazuda
David Rigotti Sumeet SinghAnthony Swago Andrew WangSupervisor:
Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Introducing
The NEW
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Conceptual Design Study of aHand Launched UAV
M. Naveesh ReddyUndergraduate Project
2011-12
Reddy, N., Pant, R., Conceptual Design Study of a Hand Launch UAV,
Paper AIAA-2013-4423, Proceedings of AVIATION 2013, Los Angeles,
USA, 12-14 August 2013MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Desired Features
Light weight, hand launched and belly landing
Undetectable, low observability
Loiter optimization
Portability
No special piloting skills
Reliable
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Specific Requirements
All up Weight 7 kg
Endurance : 3 hours
Loiter speed : 12 m/s - 25 m/s
Range: 30 km
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Existing HaL-UAVs
Specifications
UAV
Wing
span
(m)
Length
(m)
Gross
Weight
(kg)
Range
(km)
Endurance
(min)
Velocity
(km/h)
Operational
Altitude
(m)
AeroVironment Pointer 2.74 1.83 4.5 5 60 80
(max)
Upto 300
AGL
AeroVironment Raven 1.4 0.9 1.9 10 6090 32-81 152 AGL
AeroVironment PUMA 2.8 1.4 5.9 15 120 37-83 152 AGL
AeroVironment Dragon Eye 1.1 0.9 2.7 5 45-60 35-65 300 AGL
Skylark 1 LE 2.9 2.2 6.1 15 180 37-74 -273 to 914
from take off
METU Guventurk 2.2 1.35 4.5 10 90 33-85 300 AGL
Bayraktar 1.6 1.2 4 15 60 95 (max) Upto 900
AGL
Desert Hawk 1.37 0.91 4 15 90 30 -80 150 AGL
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Baseline UAV
Skylark 1 LE
Belly landing with inflated
cushion
Composite Structure
STAMP
Stabilized Miniature Payload
Daylight, night, uncooled
thermal and HD
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Propulsion System
Battery pack, propeller, motor and speed controller
Type Advantage Disadvantage Voltage Energy Density
(W-hr/kg)
NiCd Cheapest, Fast charging, not very
sensitive to overcharging,
Heavy, memory
problem, low
capacity,
1.2 40-80
NiMH No memory problems, Medium
cost,
Heavy, sensitive to
overcharging
1.2 60-100
LiPo Light weight, Highest capacity
and no memory problems, 3.7
volts/cell
Expensive, needs
special charger, Risk
of explosion
3.7 130 +
Li ion No memory effect, high energy
density
Risk of explosion 3.6 100-160
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Airfoil Selection
Fx 63137
S1223MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Comparison :S1223 v/s FX 63137
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Constraint Analysis
Design Point (Hp/W , W/S) = (0.013 hp/N, 58.32 N/m2)MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Refined sizing
6
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Design Layout
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Sensitivity to Weight
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
150 160 170 180 190 200 210GrossWeight(kgs)
Endurance (minutes)
Endurance
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
27 28 29 30 31 32 33
GrossWeight(kgs)
Range (kms)
Range
4
5
6
7
8
16 17 18 19 20GrossWeight(kg)
Velocity (m/s)
Max. Velocity
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MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Capsule-1
Thanks for your attention !
Open for queries