01 imk sol interaksi
TRANSCRIPT
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Ruang LingkupMengapa dan Apa
Siapa Saja yang TerlibatKonsep dan Dasar
Sejarah dan Paradigma IMKUpload : by sols
PENDAHULUANRuang Lingkup
Mengapa dan ApaSiapa Saja yang Terlibat
Konsep dan DasarSejarah dan Paradigma IMK
Upload : by sols
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Course Overview
Human abilities Evaluation (without users) Design Dialog & interaction Evaluation (with users) Special topics CSCW, InfoVis, Ubicomp, Agents
Pendahuluan 2/26
Human abilities Evaluation (without users) Design Dialog & interaction Evaluation (with users) Special topics CSCW, InfoVis, Ubicomp, Agents
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
HCI = Interaksi Manusia & Komputer
What is it? Can you define/describe it? Human Computer Interaction (HCI = IMK)
merupakan studi tentang interaksi antaramanusia, komputer dan tugas/ task. Bagaimana manusia dan komputer secara
interaktif melaksanakan dan menyelesaikantugas/ task dan bagaimana sistem yanginteraktif itu dibuat.
Pendahuluan 3/26
What is it? Can you define/describe it? Human Computer Interaction (HCI = IMK)
merupakan studi tentang interaksi antaramanusia, komputer dan tugas/ task. Bagaimana manusia dan komputer secara
interaktif melaksanakan dan menyelesaikantugas/ task dan bagaimana sistem yanginteraktif itu dibuat.
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Why We Are Here
Look at human factors that affect software design and development Central Topic: User interface design Not just a software interface on a desktop monitor!
IMK berasal dari berbagai disiplin bidang ilmu, teknik dan kesenian.
Lingustik philosofi antropologi seni
Ilmu komputer matematikaPsikologi IMK seni grafik
sosiologiAI
Pendahuluan 4/26
Look at human factors that affect software design and development Central Topic: User interface design Not just a software interface on a desktop monitor!
IMK berasal dari berbagai disiplin bidang ilmu, teknik dan kesenian.
Lingustik philosofi antropologi seni
Ilmu komputer matematikaPsikologi IMK seni grafik
sosiologiAI
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Yang Terlibat Dalam IMK
Psikologi dan ilmu kognitif : persepsi user,kognitif, kemampuan memecahkan masalah
Ergonomi : kemampuan fisik user Sosiologi : kemampuan memahami konsep
interaksi Ilmu komputer dan teknik : membuat teknologi Bisnis : pemasaran Desain grafis : presentasi interface Dan lain-lain.
Pendahuluan 5/26
Psikologi dan ilmu kognitif : persepsi user,kognitif, kemampuan memecahkan masalah
Ergonomi : kemampuan fisik user Sosiologi : kemampuan memahami konsep
interaksi Ilmu komputer dan teknik : membuat teknologi Bisnis : pemasaran Desain grafis : presentasi interface Dan lain-lain.
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
HCI What happens when a human and a computer
get together to perform a task task - write document, calculate budget, solve
equation, learn about Bosnia, drive home,...
Why Is This Important ? 1. Computers (in one way or another) now
affect every person in society Increasing % utilize computers in work
2. Product success may depend on ease of use,not necessarily power
Pendahuluan 6/26
What happens when a human and a computerget together to perform a task task - write document, calculate budget, solve
equation, learn about Bosnia, drive home,...
Why Is This Important ? 1. Computers (in one way or another) now
affect every person in society Increasing % utilize computers in work
2. Product success may depend on ease of use,not necessarily power
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Apa Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer (HumanComputer Interaction) ?
IMK meliputi ergonomi dan faktor manusia.Ergonomi UK =Faktor manusia USA
Secara tradisional, ergonomi memfokuskan pada karakteristik fisikmesin dan sistem dan melihat unjuk kerja (performance) dari user.
Faktor manusia merupakan studi tentang manusia dan tingkahlakunya dalam menggunakan mesin, alat-alat teknologi dalammenyelesaikan tugas.
Interaksi + informasi dan = interaksi manusiamanusia mesin teknologi dan komputer
Pendahuluan 7/26
IMK meliputi ergonomi dan faktor manusia.Ergonomi UK =Faktor manusia USA
Secara tradisional, ergonomi memfokuskan pada karakteristik fisikmesin dan sistem dan melihat unjuk kerja (performance) dari user.
Faktor manusia merupakan studi tentang manusia dan tingkahlakunya dalam menggunakan mesin, alat-alat teknologi dalammenyelesaikan tugas.
Interaksi + informasi dan = interaksi manusiamanusia mesin teknologi dan komputer
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Course Aims and Goals 1. Consciousness raising-meningkatkan
Kesadaran Make you aware of these issues-Membuat Anda menyadari
masalah ini
2. Design critic Question bad design
Pendahuluan 8/26
1. Consciousness raising-meningkatkanKesadaran Make you aware of these issues-Membuat Anda menyadari
masalah ini
2. Design critic Question bad design
Allow users to carry out tasks Memungkinkan pengguna untuk melakukan tugas2 Safely-Aman Effectively-Efeektif Efficiently-Efisien Enjoyably
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Usability Important issue Combination of Ease of learning High speed of user task performance Low user error rate Subjective user satisfaction User retention over time
Pendahuluan 9/26
Important issue Combination of Ease of learning High speed of user task performance Low user error rate Subjective user satisfaction User retention over time
Assume all users are alikeAssume all users are like the designer
Two Crucial Errors
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
1. Change attitude of software professional2. Draw upon fast accumulating body of knowledge regarding H-C
interface design3. Integrate UI design methods & techniques into standard software
development methodologies now in place
How do we improve interfaces?
Improving Interfaces
Pendahuluan 10/26
Improving Interfaces Know the User! Physical abilities Cognitive abilities Personality differences Skill differences
Cultural diversity Motivation Special needs
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Paradigms
Predominant theoretical frameworks or scientificworld views e.g., Aristotelian, Newtonian, Einsteinian (relativistic)
paradigms in physics
Understanding HCI history is largely aboutunderstanding a series of paradigm shifts Not all coming on next slides are really paradigm
shifts, but you get the idea
Pendahuluan 11/26
Predominant theoretical frameworks or scientificworld views e.g., Aristotelian, Newtonian, Einsteinian (relativistic)
paradigms in physics
Understanding HCI history is largely aboutunderstanding a series of paradigm shifts Not all coming on next slides are really paradigm
shifts, but you get the idea
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Paradigm Shifts
Cards,tape -> VDU Mainframe -> PC Glass tty -> WIMP
interface Commands -> Direct
manipulation Direct manipulation
-> Agents
Visual -> Multimedia Linear -> Web-like Desktop ->
Ubiquitous, Mobile Single user -> CSCW Purposeful use ->
Situated use
Pendahuluan 12/26
Cards,tape -> VDU Mainframe -> PC Glass tty -> WIMP
interface Commands -> Direct
manipulation Direct manipulation
-> Agents
Visual -> Multimedia Linear -> Web-like Desktop ->
Ubiquitous, Mobile Single user -> CSCW Purposeful use ->
Situated use
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
History of HCI
Digital computer grounded in ideas from1700s & 1800s
Technology became available in the1940s and 1950s
Pendahuluan 13/26
Digital computer grounded in ideas from1700s & 1800s
Technology became available in the1940s and 1950s
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Vannevar Bush As We May Think - 1945 Atlantic Monthly
publication has been extended far beyond ourpresent ability to make real use of the record.
Bush
Pendahuluan 14/26
Postulated Memex device Can store all records/articles/communications Large memory Items retrieved by indexing, keywords, cross references Can make a trail of links through material etc.
Envisioned as microfilm, not computer
Bush
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
J.R. Licklider
1960 - Postulated man-computersymbiosis
Couple human brainsand computing machinestightly to revolutionizeinformation handling
Pendahuluan 15/26
1960 - Postulated man-computersymbiosis
Couple human brainsand computing machinestightly to revolutionizeinformation handling
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Vision/GoalsImmed Intermed Long-termTime sharingElectronic I/OInteractive, real-
time systemLarge scale
informationstorage andretrieval
Combined speechrecognition,characterrecognition, light-pen editing
Natural languageunderstanding
Speech recognitionof arbitrary users
Heuristic programming
Mid 60s
Pendahuluan 16/26
Time sharingElectronic I/OInteractive, real-
time systemLarge scale
informationstorage andretrieval
Computers too expensive for individuals ->timesharing increased accessibility interactive systems, not jobs text processing, editing email, shared file system
Mid 60s
NeedforHCI
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Ivan Sutherland
SketchPad - 63 PhD thesis at MIT Hierarchy - pictures & subpictures Master picture with instances (ie, OOP) Constraints Icons Copying Light pen as input device Recursive operations
Pendahuluan 17/26
SketchPad - 63 PhD thesis at MIT Hierarchy - pictures & subpictures Master picture with instances (ie, OOP) Constraints Icons Copying Light pen as input device Recursive operations
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Douglas Engelbart
Landmark system/demo: hierarchical hypertext, multimedia, mouse, high-res display, windows,
shared files, electronic messaging, CSCW, teleconferencing, ...
Inventorof mouse
Alan Kay
Pendahuluan 18/26
Dynabook - Notebook sized computer loaded withmultimedia and can store everything
Alan Kay
Desktopinterface
Personalcomputing
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Video Display Units
More suitable medium than paper Sutherlands Sketchpad as landmark
system Computers used for visualizing and
manipulating data
Pendahuluan 19/26
More suitable medium than paper Sutherlands Sketchpad as landmark
system Computers used for visualizing and
manipulating data
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Personal Computing System is more powerful if its easier to use Small, powerful machines dedicated to individual Importance of networks and time-sharing Kays Dynabook, IBM PC
Personal Computers
Pendahuluan 20/26
Personal Computers 70s IBM PC Text and command-based Sold lots
PCs with GUIs, Xerox Star - 81, Star, AppleLisa 82, Apple Macintosh 84
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
WIMP Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers Can do several things simulataneously Familiar GUI interface Xerox Alto, Star; early Apples
Metaphor
Pendahuluan 21/26
Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers Can do several things simulataneously Familiar GUI interface Xerox Alto, Star; early Apples
All use is problem-solving or learning to some extent Relating computing to real-world activity is effective
learning mechanism File management on office desktop Financial analysis as spreadsheets
Metaphor
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Direct Manipulation
Coins and explores notion of direct manipulation of interface Long-time Director of
HCI Lab at Maryland 82 Shneiderman describes appeal of graphically-based interaction object visibility incremental action and rapid feedback reversibility encourages exploration replace language with action syntactic correctness of all actions
WYSIWYG, Apple Mac
Pendahuluan 22/26
Coins and explores notion of direct manipulation of interface Long-time Director of
HCI Lab at Maryland 82 Shneiderman describes appeal of graphically-based interaction object visibility incremental action and rapid feedback reversibility encourages exploration replace language with action syntactic correctness of all actions
WYSIWYG, Apple Mac
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Multimodality Mode is a human communication channel Not just the senses, e.g., speech and non-speech audio are two modes
Emphasis on simultaneous use of multiple channels for I/O
Hypertext Ted Nelson Computers can help people, not just business Coined term hypertext Think of information not as linear flow but as
interconnected nodes Bushs MEMEX, Nelsons hypertext Non-linear browsing structure WWW 93
Pendahuluan 23/26
Computers can help people, not just business Coined term hypertext Think of information not as linear flow but as
interconnected nodes Bushs MEMEX, Nelsons hypertext Non-linear browsing structure WWW 93
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Nicholas Negroponte MIT machine architecture & AI group 69-80s Ideas: wall-sized displays, video
disks, AI in interfaces(agents), speech recognition,multimedia with hypertext
Pendahuluan 24/26
Introduced notion of calm technology Its everywhere, but recedes quietly into background
CTO of Xerox PARC
Mark Weiser
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Language (Agents) Actions do not always speak louder than words Interface as mediator or agent Language paradigm
C S C W
Pendahuluan 25/26
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work No longer single user/single system Micro-social aspects are crucial E-mail as prominent success but other groupware still
not widely used
C S C W
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Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer
Ubiquity
Person is no longer user of virtual devicebut occupant of virtual, computationally-rich environment
Can no longer neglect macro-socialaspects
Late 90s - PDAs, VEs, ...
Pendahuluan 26/26
Person is no longer user of virtual devicebut occupant of virtual, computationally-rich environment
Can no longer neglect macro-socialaspects
Late 90s - PDAs, VEs, ...