GRAMMAR Modal verbs

|H 1 | CHECKTHE BASICS

Overview of modal verbs 1 Cross out the verb form which does not belong in each

list.

Ability: be able to / be allowed to / can / could

1 Advice: can- / ought to / had better / should

2 Obligation and necessity: have to / need to / must / - s h e u t ó

3 No obligation or necessity: don't have to / needn't / mustn't

4 Permission: be allowed to / can / could / had feetter-

5 Possibility and deduction: may / might / could / can't / have-to / must

H | 2 1 MOVE ON

Ability 2 Choose the correct alternatives.

HefcouldrTt)/ can't ski because he'd never had lessons.

1 They couldn't / won't be able to come to the match tomorrow.

2 It was a tough game, but he could / was able to score a goal!

3 She walks everywhere because she couldn't / can't drive a car.

4 One day, divers can / will be able to reach greater depths ¡n safety.

5 Because i'd run as fast as I could, I was able to / could catch the last train.

6 When I was young, ('couldn't / wasn't able to understand why football was more popular than ping pong!

Possibility and deduction 3 Complete the dialogue. Use the words and expressions

in the list.

can't be can't have visited could ring may be irngM might have gone must have forgotten

• Hi, Sara. Do you know where Elle might be?

• l'm not sure. She (1) .3Hy.&?. at the pool. • No, she (2) at the pool. It's closed

today. • Oh, right. Well, she (3) <M.\U:.:. to Josh's

house. Or maybe she's at the beach? • No, she (4) Josh. Josh ¡s looking

íor her too! • I (5) her if you like? She usually

has her mobile with her. • That would be brilliant, thanks. She was meant to be

playing basketball with Josh and me this afternoon. She

(6) JHJ¿§LÍIá)íÉ.Í(JCá£í'.ííi;.t!. !

4 Look at the information about Jon. Then complete the sentences. Use suitable modal verb forms.

Today Yesterday

Morning gym j( library /

Afternoon shopping / swimrning 7

Evening cinema ? concert /

TODAY

Morning: He c a n t í o at the gym.

1 Afternoon: He shoppmg.

2 Evening: He S^MÜBXáÚÜBhSJSl at the cinema,

YESTERDAY

3 Morning: He ...2ÚQm. to the library.

4 Afternoon: He .S^M/.Wl^lahPM^.miS. swimming.

5 Evening: He to the concert.

Obligation, advice and necessity 5 Give advice. Write sentences using the negative or

affirmative form of had better. Include the bold words.

I broke her tennis racket! (a new one)

You'd better buy her a newone.

1 I feel cold after the race, (jumper)

You'd tetterpfó^kifWfáfffi/yMffi^Affjffiffí 2 I want to lose weight. (any more chocolate)

You'dbett&njttá/nothanmnmchoGolÉte.

3 I feel III. (bed)

.XS.^dL'L'J.:.:.'J..'.h.'..:. ;.'.iÜ..'.f.'./.-'í.'í.(.

4 Tomorrow's match is very important for me. (late)

6 Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first. Use the correct past forms of have to, need or should.

It was a mistake to cheat.

He shouldn't have cheated.

1 I regret not training more.

I .:;!]<jJÁ!iü¡:<J¿.¿;¿.J. more.

2 It wasn't necessary for her to wait long, as the match finished early.

She long, as the match finished early.

3 The athletes had an obligation to take a drugs test before the competition.

The athletes . . . . . . . L a drugs test before the competition.

4 It wasn't necessary for you to run, because the bus is still here!

You ,n§8én'$Mw?..W, , because the bus ¡s still here!

18 Unít 2 Sport

Mixed modals 7 Choose the correct alternatives.

Help! I hate sports and I love junk food, but I want to get fit! W h a t (1) need / ought / should I do?

A t i

You (2) ought to / may / are able to try something different! Try working out while listening to music. I did, and I (3) could / had to /was able to lose a kilo in one s u m m e r - it felt great!

You (4) have to / are allowed to / needn't make more effort! If you're serious about being healthy, you (5) couldn't / mustn't / don't have to eat junk f o o d .

b o l o You (6) can / might / 'd better like more solitary sports, like jogging or cycling. Like you, I used to hate sports, but now I love mountain biking! I (7) should have / needn't have / must have tried it years ago.

MR CONSOLIDATE

Don't worry, you (8) shouldn't / don't have to,/ mustn't give up junk f o o d completely - a Mttle bit is fine!

Correct the mistakes. One sentence is correct.

1 Must I to do any practice?

.Q.Q.LbMQ.l.:..!:.. ..'J:.i.J.. :'J:.. $!%ZQ&My$lL4&MX.g!fáG&58Z..

2 Do you can help me?

.Q$B.yw.h&)p..ü)§L 3 I oughtn't have to cheated.

Jss^jBú^sJMúuáxstísA. 4 You couldn't go to the match! We forbid it!

J.:J:J.....'.'JJ. ;:„...;.J...:.i.;;-.;;.í./....J;...^...^.;.:....^.::'...Í:J.

5 You don't have to take drugs before the race - that's ¡Ilegal!

6 Who knows? It can rain tomorrow.

. Í£.ÍÍ ÍÍÍZ/ÍÍÍ/.írííaíí.í. íí.ítiáy. raíí! .íí3f??í?jríí?wí

7 He was able to score three goals in yesterday's match.

correct

9 Complete the text with words and phrases from the list.

can't could had better need may-be might have must have shouldn't was able to

Depending on which statistics you believe, between 30 and 60 per cent of our pets may be unfit and overweight! According to the vet, Dr Mathers, 'Pet

owners (1) JMá to take responsibility for this - no one else is to blame. Pets (2)....:!:.!.

get out of shape by themselves! If your pet is fat, then you (3) JIM'.P.M^. overfed it, it's as simple as that. And you really (4) .Sb.Q.'Mit. have done that - it isn't kind, it's cruel.' According 1o Dr Malhers, if you want your pet to live a long and happy lite, you

(5) Jb$áJ3£$£&. put it on a diet immediately and make sure it has lots of exercise. Dr Mathers remembers one severely obese dog she helped. 'When

we first saw him, he (6) barely walk. If he had put on any more weight, it's possible that he (7) mJehthaue died. But we helped him to lose

eight kilos, and yesterday, for the first time ever, he (8) complete a three-kilometre run without stopping!'

10 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the correct form of six of the verbs in the list.

be able to be allowed to can could haveto must should

1 They will possibly win the match.

They .Q9.u\éMü.ths.rmMl.

2 It is not compulsory to join a gym.

You Á°fX.tev&mw£2ym 3 It's impossible that he has finished the m a r a t h ó n

already.

He .ÍÍÍÍ!:.!J.:Í!.\LÍXJ^

8 You hadn't better be late!

j3,VÁkgfí£L!?&P..&J.$&l

4 They managed to get two tickets for the game.

They .}.V.i?.^í^/..íí.í^'.'.-Lí/.:.!¡.l r../:íí^.Ctl€ 5 l'm certain that she practises every day.

She m&j?.™.<$M.m.ry¿#x.

6 It was a mistake to cheat in the race.

I .^Qd^XMv.?sMñísáiDSh&.rMS.

Unít 2 Sport 19 iíiíüillllll