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World HistoryWorld HistoryChapter 12- The Industrial Chapter 12- The Industrial RevolutionRevolutionSection 2- The Beginnings of Section 2- The Beginnings of ChangeChange

How many Hazards/problems can you spot? What is unsafe here?

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?Great Britain?

Supply of capital; rich in natural resources; Supply of capital; rich in natural resources; growing population.growing population. Agricultural revolution Agricultural revolution gave landowners money to invest, small gave landowners money to invest, small farmers left home to work in industry.farmers left home to work in industry.

TermsTerms enclosure movementenclosure movement:: trend for large trend for large

landowners to gradually fence & include landowners to gradually fence & include private & public common lands in their private & public common lands in their estates.estates.

capital:capital: money available to invest in business. money available to invest in business. entrepreneur:entrepreneur: person who undertakes risks to person who undertakes risks to

establish a business.establish a business. factory system:factory system: method of production in which method of production in which

goods are made by workers and machines in goods are made by workers and machines in one location (factory) outside their homes.one location (factory) outside their homes.

Series of Series of inventionsinventions and and newnew proceduresprocedures change change economieseconomies in Europe & America. in Europe & America.

1700s- Landowners in Great Britain 1700s- Landowners in Great Britain enclose fields-enclose fields- farming more productive. Called farming more productive. Called enclosure systemenclosure system. . ParliamentParliament (legislative body) passes laws to (legislative body) passes laws to support system for landowners. support system for landowners. Private & common Private & common landslands fenced off. fenced off.

Small farmers move to Small farmers move to town/citiestown/cities to work in to work in industryindustry, as they are no longer dependent on , as they are no longer dependent on village landsvillage lands..

Crop rotationCrop rotation & different types of soil increase & different types of soil increase farm productivityfarm productivity..

Lord TownsendLord Townsend grew turnips to enrich soil. grew turnips to enrich soil. Robert BakewellRobert Bakewell bred strong horses for farm work & bred strong horses for farm work &

fatter sheep/cattle (meat).fatter sheep/cattle (meat). Jethro Tull-Jethro Tull- invents seed drill to plant in orderly rows. invents seed drill to plant in orderly rows.

Landowners made money to Landowners made money to invest in invest in industries.industries.

What are key elements for industrial What are key elements for industrial success in Great Britain?success in Great Britain?

Capital, natural resources & labor Capital, natural resources & labor supplysupply

1700s- Landowners with capital invest in 1700s- Landowners with capital invest in labor, machines & raw materialslabor, machines & raw materials & get & get wealthy. Commerce and trade increased. wealthy. Commerce and trade increased. Merchants & shopkeepersMerchants & shopkeepers wealthy. wealthy.

Investing in growing industries Investing in growing industries increased increased chance for profitchance for profit. Parliament . Parliament encouraged investment- encouraged investment- passed lawspassed laws to to help help growinggrowing businessesbusinesses..

Great Britain rich in natural resources- Great Britain rich in natural resources- harbors, harbors, riversrivers. Water power for . Water power for industries & transport of industries & transport of raw materialsraw materials & goods& goods. Iron/coal- . Iron/coal- steel for steel for machinerymachinery. Coal- . Coal- fuel industryfuel industry..

Nutritious food Nutritious food increased population-increased population- many many workers. 1700-1800- England’s population grew workers. 1700-1800- England’s population grew from from 5 million to 95 million to 9 millionmillion..

Farm changes such as Farm changes such as steel plowsteel plow allows some farm allows some farm workers to work in industry as need workers to work in industry as need fewer farmersfewer farmers..

Who organized & managed the Who organized & managed the businesses?businesses?

EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs- people in middle/upper - people in middle/upper classes.classes.

Domestic System gives way to Domestic System gives way to Textile Textile IndustryIndustry..

British want British want cotton clothcotton cloth. Production . Production expanded.expanded.

1733- John Kay- 1733- John Kay- “Flying Shuttle”“Flying Shuttle” improves improves loomloom for weaving- makes more for weaving- makes more material.material.

Need more yarn for material. Need more yarn for material. James James HargreavesHargreaves invents invents “Spinning Jenny“Spinning Jenny”” in in 1760’s to do this. Historians believe it 1760’s to do this. Historians believe it was named after his wife.was named after his wife.

1768- 1768- Robert ArkwrightRobert Arkwright-- water frame- water frame- spinning spinning machinemachine ran on waterpower. ran on waterpower.

1779- 1779- Samuel Crompton-Samuel Crompton- spinning mule- combined spinning mule- combined features of features of spinningspinning jenny & water frame-jenny & water frame- thread thread into muslin cloth.into muslin cloth.

1787- 1787- Edmund CartwrightEdmund Cartwright develops power loom for develops power loom for weavers.weavers.

Need for cotton- Cotton Gin, 1793, Need for cotton- Cotton Gin, 1793, Eli WhitneyEli Whitney. . Separated seedsSeparated seeds from cotton more efficiently than by from cotton more efficiently than by hand.hand.

Water Frame:

Spinning Jenny: Spinning Mule:

Factory SystemFactory System Cloth production went from homes to Cloth production went from homes to

buildings nearbuildings near waterwayswaterways. Starts factory . Starts factory System. System. Water powered machines & Water powered machines & transportationtransportation for raw materials & finished for raw materials & finished cloth.cloth.

Factory System needed more power than Factory System needed more power than horses or water provided. horses or water provided. Steam powerSteam power introduced. introduced. James WattJames Watt designs steam designs steam engine. Advantage? Factories could run engine. Advantage? Factories could run year year roundround even if water flows slowly or water is even if water flows slowly or water is frozen. Factories could be frozen. Factories could be built awaybuilt away from from waterways.waterways.

Increased demand for Increased demand for iron/steeliron/steel. . Kelly Kelly & Bessemer& Bessemer develop process to develop process to produce produce inexpensive steel from ironinexpensive steel from iron. .

Transportation Transportation improvesimproves with roads with roads layered with crushed rock.layered with crushed rock.

1761- 1761- first modern canal-first modern canal- linked coal linked coal fields to the city of Manchester.fields to the city of Manchester.

1801- 1801- Robert Robert TrevithickTrevithick brought brought steam-steam-powered travelpowered travel to to land. Steam-land. Steam-powered carriage powered carriage on wheels. 3 on wheels. 3 years later- years later- steam steam locomotivelocomotive on on rails.rails.

1807- 1807- Robert Robert Fulton’sFulton’s steamboat. steamboat. Railroads &Railroads & steamboatssteamboats pave pave the way for global the way for global economy & new economy & new investments.investments.

Why is the Industrial Revolution sometimes Why is the Industrial Revolution sometimes called the Machine Age?called the Machine Age?

Horrible Histories : Enclosure movement…die Horrible Histories : Enclosure movement…die roll details “Do you feel lucky P$%k?”roll details “Do you feel lucky P$%k?”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pWLZPo5_RA v=9pWLZPo5_RA

IR Inventions: Detail lists with invention IR Inventions: Detail lists with invention listed then listing 2 to 4 EXTFRA specific and listed then listing 2 to 4 EXTFRA specific and cool details ABOUT each invention beneath it. cool details ABOUT each invention beneath it. (may do webs or lists as your graphic (may do webs or lists as your graphic organizer….organizer….

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntCVmHENyOA v=ntCVmHENyOA