What was the difference between the

revolutions in Central America versus the revolutions in South America?

Bell Ringer

Nationalism: what does this term mean? What three groups were fighting for Europe? What is the idea of a Nation-State? Failed Revolutions. Nationalism in the United States.

Agenda/Objectives

The North and South American independence

movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?

A. Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas.

B. Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands.

C. Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control.

D. Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states.

Stop! Think about it?

Nationalism Changes Europe

1800s: 3 groups struggled for supremacy in

European Societies. - Conservatives - Liberals - Radicals

Nationalism Changes Europe

Usually wealthy property owners and nobility –

argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe.

Certain cases: France, conservatives approved of constitutional monarchies.

Conservatives

Mostly middle-class business leaders and

merchants. - Wanted to give more power to elected

parliaments, but only to parliaments in which the educated and the landowners could vote.

Liberals

Favored drastic change to extend democracy

to the people as a whole. - practice ideas from the French Revolution.

Radicals

A new movement called Nationalism emerged. Nationalism - the belief that one’s greatest

loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

The idea of the Nation-State

When the nation had its own independent

government, it became a nation-state. Idea came from the French Revolution.

The idea of the Nation-State

First people to win self- rule = Greeks Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire. - Controlled most of the Balkans. Balkans: Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania,

and Turkey.

Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the Balkans

Greeks kept alive their ancient history and

culture. Spurred by the nationalist spirit, Greeks

demanded to become a nation-state. Revolts broke out in 1821. Greeks strongly supported around the world

due to ancient history and culture.

Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the

Balkans

1823: Poet Lord Byron compared the

nationalist movement to the Spartans. - donated money to the Greek fleet. 1824: died of a fever.

1827: British, French, and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino.

1830: Britain, France and Russia signed a treaty recognizing the full independence of Greece.

Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the

Balkans

Liberals and Nationalist openly revolted

against Conservative governments. Liberal middle class leading the revolts:

teachers, lawyers, and business people.

Reform in Western Europe

1830 – Belgians declared independence from

Dutch control. Italian Nationalist work to unite the many

separate states on the Italian peninsula. - independent or controlled by Austria or the

pope. Austrian Prime Minister Metternich sent troops

to restore order in Italy.

Failed Revolutions

Mid 1830’s Poland revolted from Russia. Took

Russian armies an entire year to crush the rebellion.

Many other failed attempts in Hungary, Germany, Czech, Budapest…

By 1849, Most of Europe returned to Conservative rule.

Failed Revolutions

How are we different from the rest of the world

when it comes to national identity? How do you define yourself as an American?

Nationalism in the U.S.

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