TECHNOLOGY OF WORLD WAR 1Technology of World War One

• In no other war has technology _______________________________________ role in impacting how the ______________________________.

• The First World War began as a clash of _____________________________________________, with inevitably large casualties.

• Think of these __________________________________________________________

Technology of World War One

• Machine Guns

• Artillery

• Grenades

• Communications

• Transportation

• Tanks & Armor

• Aircraft

• Chemical Warfare

• U-Boats

• Convoy system

• Barbed Wire

TRENCH WARFARE

• Description/Use: Trenches, often reinforced with wood, with larger underground bunkers dug in side for more protection

• Series of __________________________________________________ trenches with interconnecting trenches

• __________________ employed because of ____________________________, machine guns & artillery

• Impact: Many ___________________________ were created to overcome the ___________________________________________________________________________

• Evolution: _____________________ , pillboxes and gun emplacements – __________________

MACHINE GUN

• Description:_________________________________ (400-800 rounds/minute) typically crewed by ______________________men , Belt-fed, .30 cal (typical)

• Use:

_________________________________________________________

• Impact:Possibly the most __________________________________ of the war_______________________________ __________ and affected tactics No longer would ___________________________________________________________

• Evolution:Would be _______________________________ and ____________________________Became ______________________, less crew (squad-level weapon)______________________________________________________________________

ARTILLERY

• Description/Use: _____________________________________________ capable of direct (gun) or indirect (________________________) fire - 37 mm – 42 cm

• Impact: _________________________________________________________________

• Huge guns to destroy _____________________________________ – railway guns

• ___________________________________________ (Paris gun) terrified the people of paris 126 km (68 mi) range (300 attacks)

• Evolution: improved accuracy, range,

• better ____________________________, improved _________________________

• ____________________________________, more portable

• __________________________________________________

GRENADES

• Description/Use: ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

• Percussion (__________________) or _________________________

• ________________________________________________________________ – often referred to as “bombs”

• Impact: well-suited for trench warfare (indirect throw) – ________________________________

• Becomes ______________________________________________________________

• sturmtruppen – _________________________________________________

• Evolution: better _______________, _______________________, use of gas improved methods to propel (RPG)

AIRCRAFT

• Description/Use: 100 mph, __________________________, __________________________ and _____________________________________. Constructed of canvas stretched over wooden frame

•

_________________________________________________________________

• Typically armed with _______________________________________

• Initially used for observation, later fighters and bombers

• Impact:

• _______________________________________________________________

• Most _____________________________________________ used today are derived from ____________________________________________.

• __________________________________________________________, though observation balloons and zeppelins played a role as well

• Evolution:

• Unarmed observation craft, Then purpose-built fighters, followed later by bombers - U.S. would pioneer large-scale bombing missions late in war

• __________________________________________________

• ___________________________________ for air support and ground attack - strafing

• SUBMARINES

• Description: At outset Germans had two sub types:______________________: (7 kts, 2 torpedoes and a crew of 14___________________________________: 14 kts, 4 torpedoes, crew – 28

• Use: _______________________________, primarily through use of deck guns NOT torpedoes

• Impact: Very ____________________________, but sinking of ocean liners ______________ in the __________________________ Use of convoy system, ____________________ and hydrophones were a response

• Evolution:Submarines would get ____________________________ with ______________ __________________ capability, ___________________________________

CONVOY SYSTEM

• Description/Use:

• Using armed ships such as ________________________________________________ to protect unarmed transport ships from submarines

• A ____________not a____________________________

• Impact:

• Fairly effective once employed (late 1917).

• Declined from 242/mo to 147/mo; 1918 – 103/mo

• Evolution:

• _______________________________________________________________________

TANKS & ARMOR

• Description/Use: ________________________________________________________________

• Used to __________________, ______________________ obstacles, ______________ _____________________________________________

• 2 (6.5t) crew to 16 (32t) crews; 3-8 mph

• Impact: ________________________________ depending on use; infantry support, combined arms

• Debate about use

__________________________________________

• Mechanical ___________________________, lack of speed

• Evolution: the modern tank with turrets mobility was also emphasized ____________________ __________________________________________________

BARBED WIRE

• Description/Use: sharp twisted strands of wire ___________________________

• Often used in conjunction with ______________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________Control avenues of approach

• Impact: critical to __________________________________________________

• Evolution: improved methods of emplacement

• ________________________________________________________

• Coiled barb wire used late 20th century

• COMMUNICATIONS

• Description/Use: ________________________________________________________________

• Impact: Would allow for _________________________________ better control by command elements

• Key for _________________________________________

• Used for _______________________________________

• ______________________________________________ (Russians sent radio signals “in the clear” – allowed for Germans to know their plans

• _______________________________________________________________________

• Evolution: more _______________________, more range, but telephone was most reliable

• Not until 80s will new methods used (Sincgars, burst satellite)

TRANSPORTATION

• Description/Use : Use of motorized vehicles and railroads to ___________________________ ___________________________________________.

• Impact: Railroads were a ___________________________________________ and transport of ____________________________________________.

• Evolution: As war progressed more trucking. In WW2 this would be standard.

CHEMICAL WARFARE

• Description/Use: Chemical gas used to incapacitate or kill enemy. An attempt to find a breakthrough weapon to end stalemate

• _________________________________________________________

• Horrible _____________________________________________

• Initially just “___________________________”

• Hard to control

• Impact: Troops had to ___________________________________________________

• Masks often__________________________________________

• Evolution: Better means of dispersal

• ____________________________________________________

• Although ____________________ chemical weapons still made

___________________________________________________________________