© water systems optimization, inc. 2004 2013 taud utility technology conference frequently asked...
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© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
2013 TAUD Utility 2013 TAUD Utility Technology ConferenceTechnology Conference
Frequently Asked Questions in Frequently Asked Questions in Leak detection, Distribution Leak detection, Distribution
System Testing and Water AuditsSystem Testing and Water Audits
Paul V. Johnson, P.E.Paul V. Johnson, P.E.
Water Systems OptimizationWater Systems Optimization
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Leak DetectionLeak DetectionWhich of the following can interfere Which of the following can interfere
with sonic leak detection?with sonic leak detection?
A.A.Pump StationsPump Stations
B.B.Electrical TransformersElectrical Transformers
C.C.Pressure reducing valvesPressure reducing valves
D.D.Old VW BusesOld VW Buses
E.E.All of the aboveAll of the above
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Leak DetectionLeak DetectionWhich of the following can interfere Which of the following can interfere
with sonic leak detection?with sonic leak detection?
E. All of the aboveE. All of the above
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
There are some systems where There are some systems where allall leaks come to the surface.leaks come to the surface.
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
There are some systems where There are some systems where allall leaks come to the surface.leaks come to the surface.
FalseFalse
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
If you dig down to the top of the If you dig down to the top of the pipe without finding water, there is pipe without finding water, there is no leak possible at that location.no leak possible at that location.
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
If you dig down to the top of the If you dig down to the top of the pipe without finding water, there is pipe without finding water, there is no leak possible at that location.no leak possible at that location.
FalseFalse
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Opening a fire hydrant too quickly Opening a fire hydrant too quickly can cause a water hammer that can cause a water hammer that
can break a water main.can break a water main.
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Opening a fire hydrant too quickly Opening a fire hydrant too quickly can cause a water hammer that can cause a water hammer that
can break a water main.can break a water main.
FalseFalse
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Closing a valve too quickly can Closing a valve too quickly can cause a water hammer that can cause a water hammer that can
break a water main.break a water main.
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Closing a valve too quickly can Closing a valve too quickly can cause a water hammer that can cause a water hammer that can
break a water main.break a water main.
TrueTrue
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Valves and fire Hydrants will not Valves and fire Hydrants will not break if they are operated break if they are operated
properly.properly.
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Valves and fire Hydrants will not Valves and fire Hydrants will not break if they are operated break if they are operated
properly.properly.
FalseFalse
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Leak DetectionLeak DetectionWhich of the following can cause a Which of the following can cause a
missed correlation when using a missed correlation when using a leak correlator?leak correlator?
A.A.ConsumptionConsumption
B.B.Wrong Size of pipeWrong Size of pipe
C.C.Wrong pipe materialWrong pipe material
D.D.All of the aboveAll of the above
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
Which of the following can cause a Which of the following can cause a missed correlation when using a missed correlation when using a
leak correlator?leak correlator?
D. All of the aboveD. All of the above
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
Why should you always work past a leak Why should you always work past a leak until there is no noise when using a until there is no noise when using a
ground mic?ground mic?
A.A. May be more than 1 leakMay be more than 1 leak
B.B. Bends and T’s give false indicationsBends and T’s give false indications
C.C.Old patches give false indicationsOld patches give false indications
D.D.All of the aboveAll of the above
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
Why should you always work past a leak Why should you always work past a leak until there is no noise when using a until there is no noise when using a
ground mic?ground mic?
D. All of the aboveD. All of the above
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Leaks sometimes make enough Leaks sometimes make enough noise that they can be heard noise that they can be heard without using any amplifying without using any amplifying
equipmentequipment
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Leaks sometimes make enough Leaks sometimes make enough noise that they can be heard noise that they can be heard without using any amplifying without using any amplifying
equipmentequipment
TrueTrue
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Water under pressure, coming out Water under pressure, coming out of a pipe at leak, can cut through of a pipe at leak, can cut through
steel (skin, bones, fingers).steel (skin, bones, fingers).
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Water under pressure, coming out Water under pressure, coming out of a pipe at leak, can cut through of a pipe at leak, can cut through
steel (skin, bones, fingers).steel (skin, bones, fingers).
TrueTrue
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Most valves (12-inch and smaller) Most valves (12-inch and smaller) are 2 or 3 turns per inch to close are 2 or 3 turns per inch to close
plus 3 turns to seat the gate.plus 3 turns to seat the gate.
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Most valves (12-inch and smaller) Most valves (12-inch and smaller) are 2 or 3 turns per inch to close are 2 or 3 turns per inch to close
plus 3 turns to seat the gate.plus 3 turns to seat the gate.
TrueTrue
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Normally, valves that close in a Normally, valves that close in a clock-wise direction, are called clock-wise direction, are called
right-handed valvesright-handed valves
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Leak DetectionLeak Detection
True or False:True or False:
Normally, valves that close in a Normally, valves that close in a clock-wise direction, are called clock-wise direction, are called
right-handed valvesright-handed valves
TrueTrue
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
Fire Flow tests can be run using Fire Flow tests can be run using just one (1) fire hydrant.just one (1) fire hydrant.
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
Fire Flow tests can be run using Fire Flow tests can be run using just one (1) fire hydrant.just one (1) fire hydrant.
FalseFalse
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
One 12-inch water main can carry One 12-inch water main can carry approximately 4 times as much approximately 4 times as much
water as a 6-inch main.water as a 6-inch main.
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
One 12-inch water main can carry One 12-inch water main can carry approximately 4 times as much approximately 4 times as much
water as a 6-inch main.water as a 6-inch main.
TrueTrue
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
When testing water meters, meter When testing water meters, meter pits do not need to be tested for pits do not need to be tested for gas because gas cannot build up gas because gas cannot build up
in a water meter pit.in a water meter pit.
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
When testing water meters, meter When testing water meters, meter pits do not need to be tested for pits do not need to be tested for gas because gas cannot build up gas because gas cannot build up
in a water meter pit.in a water meter pit.
FalseFalse
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
Loss of Head Tests can measure a Loss of Head Tests can measure a mains “C” value to the nearest:mains “C” value to the nearest:
A.A.0.020.02
B.B.0.20.2
C.C.2.02.0
D.D.20.020.0
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
Loss of Head Tests can measure a Loss of Head Tests can measure a mains “C” value to the nearest:mains “C” value to the nearest:
C. 2.0C. 2.0
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
A “C” value of less than 60 would A “C” value of less than 60 would normally be found onnormally be found on
A.A.Cement lined cast iron pipeCement lined cast iron pipe
B.B.Unlined cast iron pipeUnlined cast iron pipe
C.C.Plastic pipePlastic pipe
D.D.Ductile iron pipeDuctile iron pipe
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
A “C” value of less than 60 would A “C” value of less than 60 would normally be found onnormally be found on
B. Unlined cast iron pipeB. Unlined cast iron pipe
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
For two adjacent fire hydrants, one For two adjacent fire hydrants, one at the top of a hill and one at the at the top of a hill and one at the bottom of a hill, which one will bottom of a hill, which one will have the highest “Water Level” have the highest “Water Level” (pressure plus elevation) under (pressure plus elevation) under
“no flow” conditions?“no flow” conditions?
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
For two adjacent fire hydrants, one For two adjacent fire hydrants, one at the top of a hill and one at the at the top of a hill and one at the bottom of a hill, which one will bottom of a hill, which one will have the highest “Water Level” have the highest “Water Level” (pressure plus elevation) under (pressure plus elevation) under
“no flow” conditions?“no flow” conditions?
Both will be the sameBoth will be the same
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
If you are operating valves for a If you are operating valves for a system test and you find a valve system test and you find a valve closed that should not be closed, closed that should not be closed,
you shouldyou should
A.A. Leave it closedLeave it closed
B.B. Open it immediatelyOpen it immediately
C.C.Flush the main while opening the Flush the main while opening the valve valve
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
If you are operating valves for a If you are operating valves for a system test and you find a valve system test and you find a valve closed that should not be closed, closed that should not be closed,
you shouldyou should
C. Flush the main while opening C. Flush the main while opening the valve the valve
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
When checking pressure on a fire When checking pressure on a fire hydrant, never stand in front of a hydrant, never stand in front of a
hydrant cap.hydrant cap.
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
When checking pressure on a fire When checking pressure on a fire hydrant, never stand in front of a hydrant, never stand in front of a
hydrant cap.hydrant cap.
TrueTrue
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
When running a pump efficiency When running a pump efficiency test, the highest Total Dynamic test, the highest Total Dynamic Head is located at the shutoff Head is located at the shutoff
point for the pump.point for the pump.
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
When running a pump efficiency When running a pump efficiency test, the highest Total Dynamic test, the highest Total Dynamic Head is located at the shutoff Head is located at the shutoff
point for the pump.point for the pump.
True (?)True (?)
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
Pumps can never be run against a Pumps can never be run against a closed valve without causing closed valve without causing
damage to the pump.damage to the pump.
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
True or False:True or False:
Pumps can never be run against a Pumps can never be run against a closed valve without causing closed valve without causing
damage to the pump.damage to the pump.
FalseFalse
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
Which 40 foot high standpipe would Which 40 foot high standpipe would have the highest pressure at the have the highest pressure at the
bottom of the standpipe?:bottom of the standpipe?:
A.A.A 10-foot diameter standpipeA 10-foot diameter standpipe
B.B.A 20-foot diameter StandpipeA 20-foot diameter Standpipe
C.C.A 40-foot diameter StandpipeA 40-foot diameter Standpipe
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
Which 40 foot high standpipe would Which 40 foot high standpipe would have the highest pressure at the have the highest pressure at the
bottom of the standpipe?:bottom of the standpipe?:
Trick Question – They all would Trick Question – They all would have the same pressure at the have the same pressure at the
bottom of the Standpipebottom of the Standpipe
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Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
Where is, normally, the best loca- Where is, normally, the best loca- tion for an elevated Storage tank?tion for an elevated Storage tank?
A.A.Close to the wtp/pump stationClose to the wtp/pump station
B.B.As far from the wtp/pump station As far from the wtp/pump station as possibleas possible
C.C.At the low point in the distribution At the low point in the distribution systemsystem
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Distribution System Distribution System TestingTesting
Where is, normally, the best loca- Where is, normally, the best loca- tion for an elevated Storage tank?tion for an elevated Storage tank?
B. As far from the wtp/pump B. As far from the wtp/pump station as possiblestation as possible
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits
True or False:True or False:
One of the fastest ways to improve One of the fastest ways to improve the “validity score” for a Water the “validity score” for a Water
Audit is to properly test the Audit is to properly test the production meters.production meters.
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Water AuditsWater Audits
True or False:True or False:
One of the fastest ways to improve One of the fastest ways to improve the “validity score” for a Water the “validity score” for a Water
Audit is to properly test the Audit is to properly test the production meters.production meters.
TrueTrue
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Water AuditsWater Audits
True or False:True or False:
No estimated data should ever be No estimated data should ever be used in a Water Auditused in a Water Audit
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Water AuditsWater Audits
True or False:True or False:
No estimated data should ever be No estimated data should ever be used in a Water Auditused in a Water Audit
FalseFalse
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Water AuditsWater Audits
Which of the following are important to Which of the following are important to know in designing a plan of know in designing a plan of
intervention to reduce water loss?intervention to reduce water loss?
A.A.Infrastructure Leakage IndexInfrastructure Leakage Index
B.B.Real Losses vs Apparent LossesReal Losses vs Apparent Losses
C.C.Economic Level of LossEconomic Level of Loss
D.D.All of the aboveAll of the above
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits
Which of the following are important to Which of the following are important to know in designing a plan of know in designing a plan of
intervention to reduce water loss?intervention to reduce water loss?
D. All of the aboveD. All of the above
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Water AuditsWater Audits
A very inexpensive Water Source A very inexpensive Water Source will impactwill impact
A.A.ILIILI
B.B.Non-Revenue WaterNon-Revenue Water
C.C.Economic Level of LossEconomic Level of Loss
D.D.All of the aboveAll of the above
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits
A very inexpensive Water Source A very inexpensive Water Source will impactwill impact
C. Economic Level of lossC. Economic Level of loss
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Water AuditsWater Audits
Source meters should be tested for Source meters should be tested for accuracyaccuracy
A.A.Every Six monthsEvery Six months
B.B.Once a yearOnce a year
C.C.Once every two yearsOnce every two years
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Water AuditsWater Audits
Source meters should be tested for Source meters should be tested for accuracyaccuracy
B. Once a yearB. Once a year
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Water AuditsWater Audits
True or False:True or False:
A very abundant and inexpensive A very abundant and inexpensive source of water can reduce the source of water can reduce the
value of Real Lossesvalue of Real Losses
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Water AuditsWater Audits
True or False:True or False:
A very abundant and inexpensive A very abundant and inexpensive source of water can reduce the source of water can reduce the
value of Real Lossesvalue of Real Losses
TrueTrue
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Water AuditsWater Audits
A consumer with large day flows A consumer with large day flows and low night flows should be and low night flows should be
metered using ametered using a
A.A.Turbo MeterTurbo Meter
B.B.Compound meterCompound meter
C.C.Venturi meterVenturi meter
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits
A consumer with large day flows A consumer with large day flows and low night flows should be and low night flows should be
metered using ametered using a
B. Compound MeterB. Compound Meter
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Paul V. Johnson, P.E.Paul V. Johnson, P.E.
Water Systems OptimizationWater Systems Optimization
615-457-3790615-457-3790
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits
© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004© Water Systems Optimization, Inc. 2004
Water AuditsWater Audits