the age of exploration refers that time from the 1400s-1600s when many explorers took great risks to...
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AGE OF EXPLORATION
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L.T. : I can describe European motivation for exploring the seas.
The Age of Exploration refers that time from the 1400s-1600s when many explorers took great risks to sail the seas and explore unknown lands. What things would have motivated them to do this? Try to list 3-5 ideas.
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The Age of Exploration
A new age of European exploration, discovery, expansion, and settlement began in the 1400s.
What was going on at that time??? Renaissance Population Increase Centralization of Power (State-
building) New technology
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The 3 G’s
GOD Desire to spread Christianity to the
“uncivilized.” GOLD
Find gold, spices, and other riches. GLORY
To become famous; associated with Renaissance spirit of curiosity
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The Search for Spices
First explorers – looking for a new trade route to Asia.
Land – too long and too dangerous Arabs and Italians were the middlemen
between Europe and East Asia. Merchants wanted to bypass them and
find a direct route. How? Go around tip of Africa.
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Spices
Extremely valuable Were used to preserve and flavor food, in
medicine, and in perfume. Where? Moluccas – island chain in
present-day Indonesia. “Spice Islands” How? New technology and improved
knowledge (prior to 1400s, ships could not sail against wind) Caravel, astrolabe, magnetic compass, better
maps, better knowledge of wind patterns.
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Portugal
Portugal led the way in the Age of Exploration.
Location – already traded along coast of Africa Traded gold, ivory, slaves
Prince Henry – founded a school for navigators in 1419. Bartolomeu Dias – 1488 – first person to round
the southern tip of Africa – Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama – 1498 – first person to reach
India by this route Very profitable…several thousand % (ginger,
cinnamon)
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Spain
Portugal’s success in Asia made other countries jealous, especially Spain.
Christopher Columbus Rejected by Portugal, sponsored by Ferdinand and
Isabella His idea: sail west across the Atlantic to reach Asia Thought it would only take a few weeks Underestimated the circumference of the Earth Didn’t know the Americas existed Left Spain in August 1492; reached land on Oct 12.
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Columbus
Believed he had reached the East Indies. “Indians”
Was really in the Bahamas. Made 3 return visits; claimed land for
Spain; exploitation of natives; empire building
Why America? Amerigo Vespucci Columbus died in 1506, still believing he
had reached Asia. Line of Demarcation/Treaty of Tordesillas
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Magellan
Was Portuguese but sailed for Spain Left Spain on Sept 20, 1519
5 ships; 277 men 1 ship was lost along the coast of S America 1 ship (most supplies) mutinied Strait of Magellan – Pacific Ocean Ate rats, maggots, and sawdust to survive
Scurvy was common (rotted gums, gangrene) 3 ships made it to the Philippines.
3 G’s accomplished.
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Magellan
Spread Christianity to natives after performing a faith healing on the king’s brother
Set up trade with the king Trade route west to Asia
Magellan was killed in battle here. Only 1 ship (Victoria) makes it back to
Spain in 1522 with 18 men.