exploration and expansion section 1. exploration and expansion section 1 main idea during the 1400s...
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
Main Idea
During the 1400s and 1500s European explorers—inspired by greed, curiosity, and the desire for glory, and aided by new technologies—sailed to many previously unknown lands.
Voyages of Discovery
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
• Period is sometimes called the Age of Exploration
• Search for wealth
• Europeans desired expensive luxury goods
• Flow of goods controlled by Italian merchants
• Charged high prices for these rare goods
Drive to Explore• Hoped to find new,
faster routes to Asia to gain trade foothold
• Some set out to find fame, glory
New Routes• Other explorers
hoped to spread their faith into new lands
• Writings like Marco Polo’s very popular in Europe, intrigued many with tales of exotic lands, peoples
Faith, Curiosity
Foundations of Exploration
1453 – Constantinople
Conquered by Turks
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
Compass brought to Europe from China
Astrolabe : Borrowed from Muslims
Navigators could chart location based upon
Sun and stars in relation to the horizon
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
SHIPBUILDING
CARAVAL:
Light and fast
Two important innovations
Steered with rudder at stern
Lateen (triangular) sails
Catch wind from any direction
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
As a result of their location facing the Atlantic Ocean, Portugal and Spain were well suited to kicking off the Age of Exploration.
• Portugal was first country to launch large-scale voyages of exploration
• Prince Henry, son of King John I of Portugal
• Often called Henry the Navigator
The Portuguese
Explorers from Portugal and Spain
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
Water Route to India
• Prince Henry’s ultimate goal—find water route around Africa to India
• 1488, Bartolomeu Dias became first to sail around southern tip of Africa
Lucrative Trade
• da Gama’s trip inspired another expedition to India, led by Pedro Cabral
• Sailed west; sighted, claimed land that became known as Brazil
• Portugal established trading centers; became rich, powerful European nation
da Gama
• 1497, Vasco da Gama set out for India, stopped at several African ports
• Learned Muslim merchants actively involved in trade
• reached Calicut in India
Exploration Attempts
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
• Columbus reached island in Caribbean after about two months at sea
• Thought he had reached Asian islands known as Indies
Columbus’ First Voyage
• Spain also eager to seek out new routes to riches of East
• 1492, Spanish rulers agreed to pay for voyage by Italian sailor Christopher Columbus
• Columbus believed he could sail west from Spain, reach China
Italian Sailor
The Spanish
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
Results of Voyages
Columbus—three more voyages to Americas • Still believed he had reached Asia • Error not realized until about 1502
– Explorer Amerigo Vespucci sailed coast of South America, concluded it was not Asia
– Mapmakers later named land America in his honor
• Knowing they had found new land, Spanish set out to explore it
– 1513, Núñez de Balboa led expedition across Isthmus of Panama
– Balboa became first European to see Pacific Ocean
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
After Balboa’s discovery, the Spanish realized they needed to cross another ocean to reach Asia.
• Daring adventurer, Ferdinand Magellan decided to sail west around world
• 1519, Magellan set out for Spain with five ships, 250 men
West Around World
• Journey long, difficult; some men rebelled
• Magellan killed in fight with Philippine natives; his men sailed on
• 1522, 18 survivors of original fleet arrived back in Spain, first to circumnavigate world
Perilous Voyage
Ferdinand Magellan
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
Explorers and their Routes
Chapter 16, section 1, pages 472-473
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
• By early 1500s the English and French were exploring northern parts of the Americas.
• Dutch later joined in explorations.
• 1497, first major English voyage of discovery launched
• John Cabot sailed to Atlantic coast of what is now Canada
The English
Explorers from the Rest of Europe
• English soon realized they had reached an unknown land, not Asia
• Queen sent Sir Francis Drake out
Sir Francis Drake
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
HENRY HUDSON
Searched for Northwest Passage
Found nothing but ice
Made two more voyages for England
One for the Dutch
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Exploration and Expansion Section 1
France
Jacques Cartier sailed down
St. Lawrence River
Claimed territory for France
Named it New France