Take out the Enlightenment Philosope Chart Begin Warm-Up

Warm-Up

1. Talk with your group members from yesterday. 2. Which of those people stood out to you the

most? How do we use those ideas in today’s world? Come up with examples that you can share.

3. Be sure to add these to your charts if you haven’t done so already.

Class Discussion

Notes: “Enlightened Absolutism”

Homework: The Characteristics of Absolutism Handout Catch up on any reading and terms that you

need to.

Ch. 17 Part 2

10.2.1 Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the rise of democracy in Europe through both Enlightened Absolutism and Democratic Revolutions(e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, etc...)

What is an Enlightened Despot (absolutist)? Were these monarchs truly Enlightened?

Why or why not?

defined as the form of monarchial government in which the central absolutist administration was strengthened at the cost of the church, parliament, or diets

What types of reforms did they enact?

Monarchs Frederick II of Prussia Joseph II of Austria Catherine II of Russia

Promotion through merit – work and education rather than birth would decide ruled Prussia

Religious Toleration – for every Christian, Muslim or Jew

Administrative and Economic Reforms – legal reform included abolishing torture and limiting number of capital crimes

Centralization of Authority – aimed to extend the empire at the expense of Poland, Bavaria, and the Ottoman Empire

Ecclesiastical Policies – religious toleration and bringing the Roman Catholic Church under royal control

Economic and Agrarian Reform improved transportation and

trade abolished serfdom land taxation

limited administrative reform – local control of the nobility

economic growth – opened up trade and favored the expansion of the urban middle class

territorial expansion – to warm weather ports along the Baltic and Black Seas

land split by Russia, Austria, and Prussia 1st Partition of Poland – 1772

Secret agreement between Russia , Austria and Prussia

2nd Partition of Poland – 1793 Caused by the Polish-Prussian Pact of 1790

3rd Partition of Poland – 1795 Caused by a revolt of the Polish against the

Russian lead Catherine the Great to final Partition proved that without a strong bureaucracy,

monarchy and army, a nation could not survive

nations became more conservative and politically more repressive

fading monarchs Frederick the Great of Prussia – grew remote

with age and left the aristocracy to fill government posts

Joseph II of Austria – in response to criticism turns to censorship and the secret police

Catherine the Great of Russia – peasant uprisings lead to fears of social and political upheaval

Rococo style of art embraced lavish decoration with pastel colors became style of French aristocracy famous artists included Jean-Antoine

Watteau, Francois Boucher, and Jean-Honore Fragonard

Neo-classical style art went back to the ancient world concerned with public life more than the

intimate families of rococo famous artists included Jacques-Louis David

and Jean Antoine Houdon

Rococo or Neoclassical?