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“successor” to Greece “carrier” of Greek civilization political model for later Europe measure of success for nations and individuals

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Page 1: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

“successor” to Greece “carrier” of Greek civilization political model for later Europe measure of success for nations and

individuals

Page 2: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

model for later monarchies model for later, mixed constitutions

Great Britain, U.S., etc. model for most European legal systems model for the concept of citizenship

Page 3: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

The Regal Age: ca. 779-509 B.C. The Republic: 509-27 B.C. The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D.

Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D. Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D.

Page 4: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Italy Tiber River between Etruscan and Greek cities part of the Latin League

Page 5: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 6: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
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Indo-European entered Italy ca. 2000 B.C. settled south of the Tiber primitive institutions

Page 8: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Seven kings Romulus historical kings?

the Etruscan kings the last three

Page 9: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

revolution patricians (2-4%) and plebeians (96-

98%) constitutional government

influenced by Athens? the constitution of Cleisthenes?

Page 10: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

2 consuls 2 praetors aediles quaestors dictator

Page 11: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

the assemblies the elective offices patron-client relationships The Twelve Tables

Page 12: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

struggle for political participation plebeian institutions: the tribunes the secessions the compromises

no political violence until 133 B.C.

Page 13: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

conquest of Veii: Rome’s “Trojan War” gradual expansion for a century the Latin League

extension of citizenship Romans, half-citizens, Latins, allies continuous expansion

Celts, Samnites, etc.

Page 14: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 15: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
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Etruscans Greeks Carthage ???

three Punic Wars 254, 220, 146 B.C.

control of Western Mediterranean

Page 18: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 19: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

the Hellenistic Monarchies the Greek Federal Leagues lots of wars, Romans are dragged in...a

lot Romans get tired of it control of most of the Med. basin by 100

B.C. but still essentially a city-state

Page 20: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

rustic Italian cults overlay of Greek religion Etruscan influences Romans as “pack rats”

Page 21: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

best we don’t even talk about that

Page 22: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 23: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 24: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 25: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
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great skill engineers and architects roads, cities concrete

Page 30: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
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Page 34: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
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copied from Greek models interests in rhetoric, law, and satire Stoic and Epicurean philosophy

Page 37: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

introduction of violence into domestic politics

competition for status and recognition civil war

Page 38: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 39: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Marius and Sulla Pompey the Great, Marcus Crassus, Julius

Caesar First Triumvirate

Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, Octavian Caesar Second Triumvirate

Page 40: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 41: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Gaius Marius

Page 42: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Gaius JuliusCaesar

Page 43: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Pompey the

Great

Page 44: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Cicero

Page 45: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Octavian Augustus

Page 46: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Octavian as pontifex maximus

Page 47: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Marc Antony

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unification of the Mediterranean basin and western Europe

extended citizenship empire-wide commerce Roman law tolerance for local autonomy

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Page 50: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 51: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals
Page 52: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero

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reduction of political competition end to expansion reduction in the army further extension of citizenship

Page 54: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Year of the Four Emperors (69 A.D.) Vespasian Titus Domitian

Page 55: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Edward Gibbon the height of the Empire the culmination of the pax Romana succession by adoption of the most

competent

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Nerva Trajan

strong military leader Hadrian

excellent administrator Hellenophile

Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius

the embodiment of the philosopher king

Page 57: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Jesus of Nazareth teacher, prophet, revolutionary the Jesus Movement

Paul of Tarsus cultural mixture: Jewish and Greek founder of Christianity

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disappearance of Jewish followers: 70 A.D.

growth of the Pauline church the poor, women, children, slaves no success among men, the educated,

etc. benefits of Roman infrastructure and the

pax Romana

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the First Jewish War “eastern religion”

corrupted the mos maiorum that is, “traditional family values”

rumors of orgies and cannibalism Second Jewish War Trajan’s Rescript

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End of the practice of adoption The Severian Emperors

the army as a social class abandonment of the Augustan constitution collapse of the senate and other organs of

state collapse of the civil adminstration

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collapse of society breakdown of social classes

collapse of the economy collapse of trade and coinage

barbarian invasions civil wars

Thirty emperors The Danubian emperors (soldiers)

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Aurelian - restituor orbis Decius - persecutions of those who

corrupt traditional family values Diocletian

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The Tetrarchy The Annona The Edict of Maximum Prices The “new provinces” The “eastern frontiers” The “new capitals” The “persecutions”

Edict of Toleration, 311

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The divided empire, united The Battle of the Milvian Bridge The “conversion of Constantine” The Edict of Milan - 314 The First Ecumenical Council The New Capital

Constantinople

Page 66: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome

The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome

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Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE

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Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans

Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans WritingWriting

ReligionReligion The ArchThe Arch

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The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:

Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus

The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:

Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus

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Page 72: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment

2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)

Senate (Representative body for patricians)

Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

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The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE

The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE

Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.

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The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum

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Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem

Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem

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Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:

The The Appian WayAppian Way

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Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts

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The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum

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The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior

The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior

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Circus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus Maximus

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Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire

Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire

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Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route

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Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius

Gracchus

• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer

Gaius Marius

• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.

• professional standing army.

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PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey

Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators

Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar

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Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC

Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC

The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!

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The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate

The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate

Julius Caesar

Marcus Licinius Crassus

Gaius Magnus Pompey

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Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE

Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE

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The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate

Octavian Augustus

Marc Antony

Marcus Lepidus

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Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First

EmperorEmperor

Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First

EmperorEmperor

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The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty

The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty

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Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE

Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE

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The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

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The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity

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St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

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The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

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Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem

Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem

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The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c

The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c

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Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294

CECE

Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294

CECE

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Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

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Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)

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Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c

Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c

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Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of

God”God”

Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of

God”God”

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Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman

EmpireEmpire

Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman

EmpireEmpire

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The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of

JustinianJustinian

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of

JustinianJustinian

Page 106: “successor” to Greece  “carrier” of Greek civilization  political model for later Europe  measure of success for nations and individuals

The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian

The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian

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The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome

The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government

Roman LawRoman Law Latin LanguageLatin Language Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural

StyleStyle Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering

• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• DamsDams• CementCement• ArchArch