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Solar Thermal ApplicationsCMX-CIPHEX 2012 Learning Forum
22nd March 2012
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Presentation by Bob Swartman
Index• Solar energy- PV and S/T
• Parameters- hot water load, measure, radiation
• Sarnia CCC solar system
• Simulation programs
• Flow strategy - closed loop, drainback
• Solar collector efficiency- ETC vs FPC
• Cross-section of flat-plate collector• Cross-section of flat-plate collector
• Adapting design to location- rack design
• Heat exchanger, tanks, pumps, controllers
• Solar products in Canada
• Installation- lifting
• Swimming pool heating
• Solar water heating
• Insulation and jacketing
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Index• Safety concerns
• Commissioning the system
• Monitoring the system
• Certification for solar installers- CanSIA and NABCEP
• Permits- building and plumbing
• Government incentives
• Solar PV and water heating in Tobermory, ON• Solar PV and water heating in Tobermory, ON
• Combined solar space and water heating
• Parkway Apartment Building in Owen Sound, ON
• Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON
• Sixplex solar project in Windsor, ON
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Solar energy includes two technologies-
photovoltaics and thermal
Photovoltaics is electricity from the sun.
Solar thermal is heat from the sun.
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Parameters for design of a
solar hot water system
• hot water load
-measured volume per day by
flowmeter
-estimate from ASHRAE for -estimate from ASHRAE for
application
• radiation and location
-watts/m2 (max 1,000 w/m2)
• azimuth and tilt of collectors
-azimuth = angle from south
-tilt = angle from horizontal 5
A typical residential solar
water heating package
comprises: one or more
collectors, a storage tank
(to match the collector area
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(to match the collector area
and the load) a pump and a
controller.
Sarnia Child Care Centre
con
Solar
collectors
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Storage
tanks
Controller, pumps, heat
exchanger and expansion
tank
Simulation
• using RETScreen
- uses solar radiation and average temperature
on a monthly basison a monthly basis
• HW load, rack azimuth and tilt
• storage volume to collector area
- 100 litres to match a 4 x 8 collector
• using TRYNYS
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Flow strategy
• closed loop- requires expansion tank
• drainback- requires high head pump
• thermosiphon- seasonal use only
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Solar
collector
efficiency comparing an
unglazed plastic pool unglazed plastic pool
panel, a flat plate
collector and an
evacuated tube
collector
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Solar
collector
efficiency Evacuated Tube
Collector vs Flat Plate
Collector
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Cross section of flat-plate solar collectortempered low-iron class on aluminum box with isocyanurate
insulation, selective coating on copper absorber fins
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Adapting design to locationrack design
flush mount
inclined mount
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rack design
ballasted on the roof
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steel or aluminum
Heat exchanger
shell-in-tube
brazed flat plate
coil of stainless steel
coil of copper
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Heat exchanger
Solar water heating with external heat exchanger
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Heat exchanger and circulators in
Rockwood Terrace mechanical room
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Two 400 gallon solar tanks and a 300 gallon hot
water storage tank at Rockwood Terrace, Durham, ON
Heat exchanger
Solar water heating with internal heat exchanger
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Tanks
• stainless steel
• enamel coated• enamel coated
• glass-lined
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Pumps
• circulators- low head and high flow
• pumps- low flow
and high headand high head
• DC pumps
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Controllers
differential temperature controllers-compare temperature of solar collector to water temperature
• 10k thermistor sensors :
GoldlineGoldline
• 1k Pt resistance sensors:
Resol
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Goldline solar controller and energy meter
at Landmark Condominium, Kingston, ON
Solar products in Canada
• ThermoDynamics
• Enerworks
• Solcan• Solcan
• Viessmann
• KBB
• Others?
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Lifting
Lifting rack materials, pipe and collectors to
roof
-manhandle or crane-manhandle or crane
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Installing
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Swimming pool heating
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Solar water heating
Installation at Five Oaks, United
Church of Canada Retreat Centre
near Paris, ON
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System comprises five flat-plate
solar collectors secured to wall and
sitting on roof as shown.
Solar water heating
20 panels on condominium
apartment building, Kingston, ON
40 panels on apartment building on
Nelson St., London, ON
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Solcan 2101 Collectors (back view) on the roof
of World Salon, Adelaide St., Toronto
PV and solar thermal panels
Two banks of 14 PV panels and one bank of 4
thermal panels installed on Visitors’ Centre at
Parks Canada in Tobermory, ON 31
Insulation and jacketing
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Safety concerns
• Fall arrest training
• Safe worksites• Safe worksites
• Harnesses and safety lines
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Commissioning the system
• temperature rise
• balancing the flow• balancing the flow
• pumps running OK
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Monitoring the system
Heat = flow x (Tin – Tout) x specific heat
Heat = Flow measurement x temperature rise
Sun reports (kit shown)
download to iphone download to iphone
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Certification for solar installers
• CanSIA- Canadian Solar Industries Association
• NABCEP- North American Board of Certified Energy • NABCEP- North American Board of Certified Energy
Practitioners
• CSA- Canadian Standards Association
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Permits
• Building- may require letter from P Eng. for
building permit; cost from $70 to $1,000 ….
• Plumbing permit may not be required.
System may require vacuum breakers.
Some inspectors require backflow
preventers and double wall heat exchangers.
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Government incentives
• ecoEnergy for Retroft: for residential
applications including single family
dwellings and multi-unit residential units
(MURBs) approx $625 per panel- until end
of March 2012.of March 2012.
• save ON energy from OPA through LDCs
for displacement of electricity = approx
$865 per panel on buildings in Ontario.
• new incentive through microFIT.
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Solar hot water feeding conventional
hot water tank with summer bypass
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Combined solar hot water and
space heating
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System installed near
Goderich, ON.
Combined solar hot water
and space heating
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Combined solar hot water
and space heating
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System installed on Pelee Island in Lake Erie
Strategies for space and water heating
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Combining solar with a heat pump
• Typical European solar/heat pump combo
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Parkway Apartments, Owen Sound, ON
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Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON
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Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON near Owen Sound has 100
residents and substantial needs for hot water for laundry, bathing the residents,
washing dishes and general usage, totaling about 12,000 litres per day. There are
30 Solcan flat-plate solar collectors mounted on racks on the roof supplying heat
through a heat exchanger to the 3,000 litres of solar storage. The measured
energy output is 183 GJ per year which is 42% of the load.
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Heat exchanger and circulators in
Rockwood Terrace NH mechanical room
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Solar hot water storage tanks in
Rockwood Terrace mechanical room
Project was part of modernizing and
upgrade of existing buildings owned
by Windsor and Essex County
Housing Authority.
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Solar hot water storage tank in
sixplex mechanical room
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Conventional hot water tanks are on a re-circulation loop.
Pro temp controls
Reduces your energy costs
by 25% or more
Automatically regulates
water temperature
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water temperature
For domestic hot water or
hydronic space heating
systems
ROI can be measured in
weeks
Pro temp controls
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Energy use before and after Pro temp installation
Thanks for your attention!
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