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TRANSCRIPT
בצלםבשטחיםהאדםלזכויותהישואליהמידעמונז
'd~da'yy1(ם)(4%134נi'sy'341%נב.4ני11ןלכ,ע,י(נ(4נ
TerritoriesOccupiedtheחןRightsHumanforCenterInformationIsraeliThe-B'TSELEM
SheetInfonnation1991January-February
TerritoriesOccupiedthe*מRightsHuman
GulfPersianthe*מ'arאיtheDuring
IndividualoftheDefencetheforCenterHaMoked:withCollaboration111
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טזס.......................................105-(.......................5...........................
ןזס515..........................................................11..6.................................
theSubsistenceandססח0מיצ....................................................................7[
-.......................................................10JordanandFromToCrossingsBridge
........................................................................................10Education
Medicalסזע1סס5..................................................................................521
(BethlehemCampRefugeeDeheisheofDirectorUNRWAByGivenTestimony
1991....................132,February-'EidBassemStaffMemberB'TselemToRegion)
............................................1519913-5,FebruaryGazaUnderCurfew011151/י
...............17.....TerritoriestheחוPopulationPalestinianoftheWarningandProtection
.......................................21................................................)-:onclusions
Intifadaקב1ב1ו1וס5........................................22................................
January'sק:11ב11(1ס5............................23........................................
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the10bring)0anddocument1015ofB'Tselemobjectiveheך-'
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theמוrightshumanofviolationspublic,generaltheandmakerspolicy0]attention
andinvestigations,independentfieldwork,0תbasedaredataB'Tselem'stemtones.
humanespeciallysources,Palestinianofdatathe0חaswellassources,IsraeliofficialHaq.andPHRICassuch~roupsrightsב1-
GinbarYuvalOolan,Daphnaby:Written
RonJames80,חתJessicaby:English
0792-4003ISSN
Introduction
Gulf-Persiantheתוwartheduringtewitoriesthe1תrightshumanwithdealsreportThistenritories.oftheruleofIsraelihistorytheתן'~theranyfromdifferentperiod8
theIsrael,againstweapons-מ0תconventionalandconventionaluse)0threatIraq's
enjoysIraqthatsupportbroadtheIsrael,towardsmissiles30thanmoreoflaunching
war115תוIraqaid0ןPalestiniansthe!0זmadecallstheandPalestinians,theamong
theandIsraelbothתוstepsspecialtake10authoritiesthecompelledhaveIsrael,against
measures.securityappropriateofemploymenttheincludingterritories,
rights,humanrespect10statetheofdutythelessen10חdoeshowever,war,ofstate(ל
andmorality,,5מ10דזוlegalbindingOfabsencetheimply10חdoessituationnewtheand
ofvaluebasicthe)0committment115exactly15societyבoftestrealThefairness.
theclear,maderecentlyJusticeofCourtHightheAscrisis.בoftimeבduringjustice
difficultthe511ןandofiaw,ruletheofvolcethesilence10חdoescanonsofrumbling
10attentioncallandpublish,document,research,10organizationsrightshumanoftask
human5government'~Thewell.asperioddifficultthisduringrightshumanofstatethe
needwartimeduringpolicyrightsתthat10identicalbe10מbutpeace,oftime1מ10ב11
warofoutbreakthefollowingimmediatelytakenwhenlegitimatearethatmeasures
obligationongolngThemonth.בorweeks,twoweek,בofpassagetheafter50remaln
ofneedsbasicandhealth,wellbeing,theagainstneedssecurityobviousbalance10
Anyremains.hands,government1תrestswelfarewhoseterritories,theofresidents
steadilycivilians,0חdamagesheavyinflictswhichclosure,orcurfewassuchstep,
fourththe1תindefinitely.continuedbe10תmustday,passingeachwithworsening
for.uncalledseemclosureandcurfewthewar,oftheweek
problems10Dueתוonlycoversandpartial,only15reportsthisinfonnation,gatheringב
theofresidentstheconfrontwhichdifficultiesandlimitationstheofportionsmall
war.theduringrestnctlonsandclosurecurfew,oftheaccount0חterritories
Curfew
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attackerssuspectedOfhousesthewhileriotsprev(intandaarestsexecute10oractivity,collectiontaxduringusedoccassionallybeenalsohasCurfewdestroyed.lbeingwere
campaigns.
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declaredwascurfew1989,1מcollaborator.suspectedבofmurderthefollowingdays,Sincetotal).days)191990מוtimes5and)01(1בdays)28times4townshipsamethe0מ
theתוeffectחוbeenhas).4הן.ב:ooandp.m.8:00(betweencurfew1"811988בת,May,
strip.Gaza
occupiedthe1תeffect1מcurfewthepast,theמוcurfewslongtheconslderingEven
longestthe15length,1תweeks4far50war,theofoutbreakthesinceterritories1967.sincecurfewgeneralcontinuous
Ordertheof89Sectionorders:twoתוestablishedיוcurfewבdeclare10authorityTheregulationand1970,378(,).0אSamaria)and(JudeaRegulationsDefenseConcerning
andgeneralareregulationsThese1945.Regulations,(Defence)Emergencyofthe124that:states89Section11.1חבtimeבspecify10חdo
anythatdemand10authorized15commandermilltary24remainorderthebydesignatedareatheinsideindividual
order.theמוstatedhoursthoseduringresidenceבinside
Haguethecurfew,ofusethementlonexplicitly10חdoeslawinternationalAlthough"10measuresappropriatetake10authorityoccupylngtheenables1907ofConvention
'security.'andorderpublicensure
preventiveבassolelyusedbemaycurfewruling,CourtSupreme10בAccording
forintended15Curfewunacceptable.15measurepunitiveבascurfewofusemeasure;
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andlivelihood,health,the0חcurfewprolongedOframificationsaccumulatingThe
s"ipGazaandBankwesttheתןPunishmentCollectiveB'Tsclcm,seecurfew0חmoreFor1
1990.November,
thisoffulfillmentIsrael'squestion!01תcallsterritories,theofresidentsofwelfare10hardshipsoftheawarearetheythatannouncementauthorities'Theresponsibility.
thewithconsistent1015תclosure,andcurfewthebycausedtemtonestheofresidents
month.lasttheduringconductedcampalgncollectiontax
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taxes.
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womenonly61טweek,בoncehourstwoforliftedwascurfewtheGaza,1חsupplies.
homes.theirleave10permittedwereחbreaksfewerevenwerethereareas,certain1מ1
refugeeDeheishewar.thebeforedeclaredbeenhadcurfewsome,1מandcurfew,the
DecemberofbeginningthefromcontinuouslyalmostcuKewunderbeenhascamp
sincecurfewunderbeenhasDistrict,Tulkarrncamp,refugeeShamsNurtheand1990,
January.ofbeginningthe
andIsrael,תוRights)1,11forAssociationthe(B'Tselem,organizationsrightsHumanasMinister,Defencethe)0tunaedIndividual)oftheDefensetheforCenterHotline:
withineverythingdotheythatrequestingmembers,Knessetofnumber10בaswell
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beginningthatannouncedGoren,ShmuelTerritories,the1חofActivitiesCoordinator
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thanhoursmoreforBankWesttheמוareasmostמוliftedbeenhascurfewthe
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day.thirdevery0חonlylifted15(וareaeachחוthatsuchrotationally,
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year,thatחוstripGazaandBankWesttheoccupiedIDFthewhenissued1967,
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laborers.ofneedחוemployersIsraeliaid10wasmotivemaln
Arrests
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3,005arrested,werepersons3,6471991,12,Februaryחו642andBank,Westtheמו
thebreakingforarrestedwerepersons1,714alone,BankWesttheתוstip.Gazathecurfew.
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remainedandת10!didwhoOthers,custody.1[,10sentencedwereconfessנב1].41011715)
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attendance.תו
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January-Incom~0!14055ן7(ה-Februaryח.1991101
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haveexportsTheseIsrael).(viaEuropeandIsrael,Jordan,10exportfactoriesMany
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2--Agriculture
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schedule.0מharvestthebeginorpesticidesapply10inabilitythefromresultingproduce
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consumption,זבילtheofweekfourththe1חsheep.andgoatsowningthoseespecially
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farmers:bysuffereddamagesofexamplesarefollowingThe
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ServicesMedical
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authorities.thefrompermisslonwithoutcarprivate81חtraveling15asdangerous,PalestinianofUnionthefromB'Tselembyreceivedinformation10According
seriousandblood,Of1055ofcasesbeenhavethereCommittees,ReliefMedicalnumberthehospitals,1תtreatment.medicalתוdelaysofresult8ascomplicationsdroppedhavebirths,ofnumbertheandcare,midicalreceivingpatientsof
considerably.
beenhavebirths150onlyHospit:tl-בןMuqassedתוthatinfolnedbeenhasB'Tselem
theof75%month.Sincenomlal:1חוbi~hs500ofaverage10חבopposedasregistered,hospitalthenearsleep!0forcedbeenhavemanyBank,Westtheחוlivestaffhopital's
territories.theexitorwithintravel10unablearetheysince
StaffMedical0חRestrictionsTravel8.
ofplacetheirreach!0unable15territoriestheתוstaffmedicalofthe30-40%Between
passes.traveldeniedweretheybecausework
restrictionsmany5!11!aretherehours,ofnumberבforcurfewofliftingthewithEven
betweenlifted15curfewthesinceexample,Forpersonnel.medicalOfmovementthe0חtheyreglontheoutsideworkwhopersonnelmedica~area,10accordinghoursdifferentareworkersmedical11ל(0!בdistrict.!0districtfrompass!0permitבneedמנreside
passes.suchgranted
enablingpassesreceivedhaveJerusalem,וHospital-1בMuqassed1תnursesandDoctorsorderlies,assuchpersonnelotherbutwork,!0territoriesthefromtravel!0them
andhundredFourpasses.deniedbeenhaveengineersandclerks,staff,sanitation
haveofthem260Onlyterritories.theחוlivestaff700-meniber-1בMuqassed'sofsixty
passes.travelreceived
CareMedicalPreventive.](
curfew.theofaccount0חentirelyceasedhavemedicationandtreatmentsPreventivepostponedbeenhavecheckupsroutineandinfants,ofinnoculationcare,Pre-natal
shortages.staffingsevere)0dueindefinitely
Distribution600105!518,15ן:UNRWAdistribute!0itselfupontakenhasAgency)WorksReliefNations(UnitedUNRWA
Theoperation.emergency0-תסtimethree-month,בduringfoodstuffsoftons47,000some10daypercalories,0001ofmin)mumבproviding1בaimsprogramdistribution
Strip.GazaandBankWestoftheresldents295,000thebyaffectedseverelymostchildrenthose10milkdistibutingalso15UNRWA
curfew.prolonged
ofAs1991.29,January0תcamprefugee-1בMughazithe1חbegandistributionFoodbeenhadmilkpowderedOftons124andnouroftons2,0001991,4,FebruaryBeit~-1סBalah,DirNusseirat,Rafah,-1בMughazi,חוfamilies41,4450ןdistributed
JanuarybetweenBank,Westthe1חareas.surroundingtheandYunis,KhanHanun,camps:refugeefollowingthe!0distributedwereratlonsfood31.Januaryand20
ofsacks25-kilogramaddition,1חShams.NurandDeheishe,Sultan,[מוJabar,Aqbatthethroughoutcampsrefugeeotherthe1חfamilies15,73210distributedwerenour
Bank.West
refugeeDeheisheתוfamilyeach10distributedfoodstuffsof115)15בexample,forHere,
distict:Bethlehemcamp,
tomato!11מmilk,powderedkg.1wheat,crackedkg.1rice,kg.1flour,kg.20
beefground1,52חpuree,
butpasses,curfewgiven!0תwerepersonneldistributionUNRWAregularThe
efficiently.workedthisandpoint,distributioneach1בresidentslocalhiredUW~RA
RefugeeDeheisheofDirectorUNRWAByGivenTestimony
BassemMemberStaffB'TselelnToRegion)(BethlehemCamp
19912,February-'Eid
camp.theחוresidents7,500areThere
.5listurbancet6עלעחוfollol1990,12,December0חcampthe0חimposedwascurfewThe
stock10residentsforliftedwascurfewthewhich0חdaystheof115!5!בfollowingThe
foodstuffs:
BreakCurfewaLDurationEatL 11.12.90ן09:15-11:531.12.90ן09:15-51:109!30-11:0012.1.91curfewlifted13.1.91
dislurbanccsfollowingrcnewedcur[cw.9114.106:00-20:00.9120.1
10:0008:00-.9122.1)(5:30-10:3024.1.9112:00-14:0)(30.1.91!2:00-14:)(02.2.91)(9:00-12:0)(5.2.9112:0)(-16:)()(9.2.91
חל)children500!0milkpowdereddistribute!0beganUNRWA1991,1,Februaryמו
wholeofbagoneandmilkskimpowderedofbagstworeceivedchildEachcamp.the
powder.milk
thesubmittedhasUNRWAdate,thisתת1ןוcurfewtheofcommencementtheSince
Civilthe10necessarywasworkwhoseemployeesUNRWA60Ofnames
Bethlehem11בworkers,30only10passesgrantedAdministratio"TheAdministration.
theofNoneHebron.andBethlehembetweentravel10themenablingresldents,
addition,1תpermits.receivedJerusalem1חUNRWA1חworkwhoresidentsBethlehem
pennitsrecelve!0תdidSchoolsur-BahertheחוUNRWAforworkwhoteachers24the
go10זlivewhoEngineerswork.0חוworkandBethlehemב!agencyUNWRAtheת!
pennits.recelve!0תdidJerusalem
sanitationdrivers,nurses,doctors,were:permitsofrecipients30theAmong
aides.andguardsworkers,
infirmaryUNRWAthereach!0ablebeenhave111arewhocamptheofResidents
ambulancesUNRWAhospitalization,requirespatientthe,וand,difficultywithout
hospital.the10himtransport
7:00betweenoperatingbeenhasinfiITnaTytheday,this11!1991,7טת,FebruarySince
.haveWep.m.:0011anda.mחdifficultiesencountered10תwomentransporting1חו
ambulances.UNRWAחוhospitals10labor
registeredhavefamilies300thus,permits;receivedhavetrucksseptictheofNone
.elnptied.be10חcanIlichwhitankssepticoverflowing
masksgasreceivedDistrictBethlehemtheתוcampsrefugeeתנemployeesInfirrnary
families.their10maskssuppliedUNRWAAdministration.Civilthe"ח]ס
reportedthanshorterwascurfewthethatrelatesSpokespersonIDFThe
accounts.abovethe1ת
follows:asareSpokespersonIDFthe10accordingcurfewofdatesThe
11.12.90-7.12.9012.9023.
2.1.91-30.12.905.1.91-5.1.91
lifted.been!0חhascurfewthe)12.2.91(daythis10-15.1.91
Testimony:Sryck'sPelleg"-TamarAttorneyACRI19913-5,FebruaryCurfewUnderGaza107,1511
almostarethereandcars,ofemptyareroadsthearea;deserted815curfewunderGaza
vehiclemilitary8there,andhereOnlystreets.the0א0סחס15מeither.roadblocks0מ
few14hours.morningtheתוparkedarecarsfewcourt,~a[military]theשNextpasses.
hospitals.theandclinicsthebywaitchildren,andwomenmainlyresidents,
duringclosedwerethatcourts[military]Theusual.asseemsbusinessareas,few81מ
difficultmorearepnsonsthe10visitsopen.agalnarecuKew,theofdays1וח1חבthe
healingscouftofnotificationshiorhearings.10broughtaredetaineesfewerandnow,
forhearingsQuickhearing.theofdaythe0חnorpressthe1חneithergiven,1מסare
longspendlawyersandactivities,court~sthe10addedbeenhavecurfew-violators
whodetaineesofFamiliesprosecutors.[military]thewithplea-bargain10tryinghours
take10תhearingsthethatpressingarecourthousethe10comingfromperventedare
bewouldrelationtheirthathopeחןdaily)08ח11חofhabitthe1חwere(mostplace
policythethatstateddecidedlyhaveauthoritiesjudicial[military~The.(1ןתב)0brought
alternateTheytwo.thebetweentrappedarelawyersTheusual.as"business15
despair,paralyzingofformthe1חsometimesbitterness,ofjustifiablefeelingsbetween
andjustified,alsoבhoursmanyspendTheyclients.their10obligationofsenseתן
their10returntheythenandauthorities,thewithnegotiationsתוmeetings,internal
prison,1חmeetingtheforwaitingwaiting:ofcomprisedprimarilyroutine,sissyphean
waitingprosecutor,thewithspeak10waitingoffice,clerk'scourttheenter10waiting
hearing.בfor
otherswhileusual,"assay,whothoseareTherecontinue.stripGazathe1מArrests
Fordifferent.15arreststheofqualitytheparticularlyandquantity,thethatsay
,engineers,sevenexampleב,doctorב,phannicistחב,andlawyers,twoaccountantב
weeks.fewlastthe1חarrestedwerereporter
thatknowsstripGazatheתוeveryoneanddown,closedbeenhasagencypressOne
well.asowners115ofarrestthenleansusuallyagencypressבclosing
affidavitstook1andinjuries,bodilyotherandarmsbrokeneyesownmywithsaw1
thewhen3,February0חoccurredhadinjuriesthesaidTheyinjured.thosefrom
1injuredThehours.threeforliftedwasRafahחוcan~prefugeeShaburatheחוcurfew
homestheirתוweretheysaidTheychildren.orpeopleelderlyב1ןwereinterviewed
forlookinghomes,their01[]ןburstPolicenlenBorderlifted.wascurfewthewhen
started.1111בhowwasThischildren.
asked.1510חס5?יthrowchildrenthe"Did-
curfewtheduring01טallowedarewonnentheOnlyinside.wereWesee.4~4'1'.We-break."
herfromscreamingheardShehouse.her10entrancethenearstandingwaswomanOneoutside.draggedbeingsomeonesawandhouse,neighbor's
borderבthenAndhim?'withdoingyouare
'Whatme),told(shethemasked1-
theunderstitchesfivehave1Nowwalkie-talkie.hiswithheadthe0תmeיוהpolicemanhead]."my]0מbandage
byinjuredweretheystatedhavewhoresidentsthoseof115)panial815followingTherefugeeShaburathe11991,3מ,February0תP.M.2:00around(בPolicemenBorder
camp:
armleftHisclub.בwithbeatenwas1937,תוbornBalbisi,AshkhadaAhmadIbrahimbroken.alsowasclubThecast.חובnow15andbrokenwas
fromblowsandpunches,recelved1966,מוbornBalbisi,IbrahimMuhammad
heldcannisterןfromgastearwithsprayedwasHebody.hisofparts11מ0בweapons
Hisgas.tearinhaledalsoAmalsisterhistime,samethe(גface.his10nextpractically
1afterdaysThreelegs.theחוkickedwasandCIUbבwithbeatenwasTaghrid,wife,
him.arrestedandhousehis!0camesoldiersaffidavit,his1001andhomehisvisited
ofplaceHisarrested.beenhasBalbisiMuhammadthattimefirstthe15This
held.being15hewhichן0זreasonthedoesas,טתות0לקתremalnslmprisonment
fromsufferswhobrother,Muhammad'sBalbisi,AshkhadaIbrahimMahmud
lostandbody,hisofparts!1ח0בbeatenvvastesticles,his0ןblowsreceiveddiabetes,consclousness.
knee.lefthis1חswellingandpainfromsuffers12,Shahin,JamalMuhammadSahar
home.hisinsidekickedandbeatenwasHebandaged.15kneeleftHis
hiswhenbeatenalsowasgrandfather,year-~old70Sahar'sShahin,MussaHassan
arms.his1חhide10tried~randson
her0תwhileclubswithbeatenwas193,ח!ןbornBalbisi,AhmadMahmudWatzafia
!0takenandcarבbyקטpickedwasShehome.herfromfar10תstoregrocery0(בway
elbow.herpastextendsthatcast15תובforearmleftHerhospital.the
hopingcases,abovetheof11בregardingauthoritiesthe10complaintבsubmittedhave1
trial.10broughtandidentifiedbe111)יreponsiblethosethat
theof11בormostspenthavecamprefugeeShabura0,residentstheweeksrecent1ת
residentswhosecaeps,refugeeotherthe1חsimilar15situationThehave.theymoney
Storiespopulation.10)1בStrip'sGazatheofmajorityoverwhelmingthecomprise
alsoarerichThejewelry.theirsoldevenorpawnedhavewhowomenofabound
paralyzed.15economyStrip'sGazaThehands_theirleavesthatpennyeveryweighing
this0מgocannottheythatandGaza,leavingonly15nloneythatexplainMerchantsway.
the%חPopulationPalestinianthe0,WarningandProtectionTerritories
theofwell-beingtheensule10lawinternationalbyobligedareauthoritiesIsraeliThealr11110מ15בfailedauthoritiesthe1"15,Despiteterritories.occupiedtheמוpopulation
oneonlyformasksgaspurchasedandtemtones,the1חareasPalestinian1מsirensraid
issuedwasorderJusticeofcourtHigh14there.populationPalestiniantheoftenth
Thepurchased.masksthosedistribute10establishmentdefensetherequiring
ofthem11בpersons,50,000onlydate,10andSIOWly,veryoutcarriedwasdistribution
ofthousandsofthedilemmathe15graveEspeciallymasks.gasreceivedhaveadults,
whoterritories,occupiedtheandIsraelinsideauthoritiesthebydetainedPalestinians
masks.gaslssuedbeen10חhaveand151תוסחliveboth
beenhavesirensraid-"בterritories,theofPalestinianstheofsituationthe10contrastחו
haveterritoriestheofresidentsJewishב1יandsettlements,Jewishmostחוinstalled
protectivereceivedן511.
PalestinianstheforKitsProtectiveGas.ג
populationofthewellbeingtheforresponsible15Israellaw,international10According
asStripGazaandBankWesttheregardslawInternationalteITitories.occupiedthe1ח
withaccordance1חtreatedbemustthereforewhichoccupation,belligerentunderareas
aleas.suchofruletheregulatingconventlonsinternationalthose
theoverauthority(Military111Section1907,OfConventionHagueofthe43Article
that:statesState)HostileoftheTerritorry
fact1חh;Ivingpowerlegitimatethe0,authorityTheshalllattertheoccupant,theofhandsthe01וחpassedandrestore,10powerhis1חmeasuresthe11בtake
safety...andorderpublicpossible,asfasasensure,
that:things,other:tmonsistates,Conventio[]GenevaFourththeof55Anicle
foodtheensuringofdLltythehasPowerOccupyingThepopulation;theofsuppliesmedicalandןshould,1חו
medicalfoodstuffs,necessarytheחוbringparticular,occupiedtheofresourcesthe1,articlesotherandstores
inadequate.areterritories
that:statesConventionsan]etheof56Article
andensuringOfdutythehaspowerOccupyingThelocalandnatlonalofcooperationthewithmalntalning,
occupiedtheחוhygieneandhealthpublicauthorities....itory.territ
the!0עadequatelyprepare!101didestablishmentdefenseIsraelitheabove,theDespitePalestinianthe0תattackschemicalagainstequipmentprotectiveofdistribution
theirתןhadauthoritiesthewar,theofevethe(מלterritories.theתוpopulation1.7numberingpopulationPalestinianבformasksgas173,000onlypossessionthedistribute10תwouldtheyannouncedestablishmentdefensetheWhenmilllon.10masksprovidedhadmilitarytheafterandterritories,theחוPalestiniansthe10masks
demanded,199112,February0חB'Tselem,'territories,theחןresidentsJewish11בPalestiniansthe10masksthedistribute10stepstakeimmediatelyAttorneyStatethethatBethlehem,Bryer,LindaAttorneyviaMarcus,Miladitime,samethe1)עwell.as
Justice.ofcourtHighIsraelithepetitionedresident,
Deputy168/91(7אס(HCJJusticeofcourtHighthe10submittedaffidavitמ1חבtheexplainedZack,FreddyGen.Brig.Territories,the1חActivitiesofCoordinator
populationPalestinianthe10equipmentprotectivedistribute1010חdecisionauthorities'
ofbasisthe0חestimated,hasestablishmentdefenseThetheandSamariaJudea,ofareasthethatevidence,factual
missileIraqipossibleoftargetthe10חarestripGazaareas.endangered10תthereforeareandattacks,
thatclear151ןBank,WesttheחןmissilesIraqiOfnumberבoflandingtheFollowing
erroneous.wasestimationthis
that:)168/91(~ledCourtSupremethe1991,14,January(מל
equalityexerciseindeedmustcommandermilitaryTheresidents.betweendiscriminate10תmayHearea.theתו
thereachedhascommandermilitarytheWhen10distributedbemustkitsprotectivethatconclusion
alsomustkitsprotectivearea,theחוresidentsJewishresidents.Arabareasthe0זdistributedbe
order:followingtheissedCourtSupremethe),51הofvlew1ת
presentlymasksgas173,000theFirstחstock1תוdistributedimmediatelybemustwarehousesemergency
asJerusalem,surroundingareasthe1מlivingadults10aswellחוSecondLine.Greenthenearareasthoseב11theformaskssecure]0madebeshouldpossibleeffortsbemustmaskstheseandadults,theseofchildren
obtained.beingtheiruponimmediatelydistributedmasksrecelveshouldareatheofresidents11בThird
militarythebypurchasedbeingtheiruponimmediatelyeverymakemustcommandermilitaryThecommander.
possibleas500מasmasksthesesecure)0effortpossible
ofcourtHighthebyrejectedwasdistributiontheexpedite10petitionlaterבAlthough
far15implementedbeing15abovequotedrulingCourt'sthewhichובratetheJustice,29,Janurary0חB'TselemtoldofficeSpokesperson'sIDFThesatisfactory.from
2,February0חterritories.theחוdistributedbeenhadmasks35,000date,10that1991disoributed.beenhadmasks50,000date,that10thatreportedsourcesamethe1991ת1
oneonlyruling,couft~sSupremethefollowingdays25firsttheduringwordstother
Palestinians10distributionforestablishmentdefensethebyheldmaskstheofthird
10orderedwasestablishmentdefensetheabove,quotedAsout.givenactuallywere
twoapproximatelytake111)1ע)rate,currentthe((ע"immediately."masksthedistribute
tenitories.theתוPalestinians0ןmasksgasofdistribudonthecomplete10years
)0failed1991(12,(Februarydate)0hasestablishmentdefensetheknow,weasfarAs
theonlyreceivedhaveAdults14.5!ת!%חandchildrenforkitsprotectiveanydiseibute
powderdetoxifyingandinjectionsatropinethereceived10תhaveandmasks,gasdistributedן0בןcitizens.Israeli1נ
FacilitiesDetentionחוMasksGasofDistribution.ע
that:things,otheramongestablishes,ConventionGenevaFourthofthe85Article
andnecessary1עtake!0bound15PowerdetainingThe
shall,personsprotectedthatensure10measurespossible
accommodatedbeinternment,their0,outsetthefromחו
possibleeveryaffordwhichquartersorbuildings
provideandhealth,andhygieneregardsassafeguard
theandcilmateofrigorstheagainstprotectionefficientwar.ofeffects
that:things,otheramongstated15יconvention,sameofthe88Article1ת
otherandralds0!זובexposedofinternmentplaces11מ1ב
andnumberחוadequateshelterswar,ofhazards
beshallprotectionnecessarytheensure)0structureinstalled...
ofplacesחוtakenbemustpreparationsdue1411
fire.ofdangertheagainstinternment
Spokesperson,ArmythebyB'Tselem)0givenfiguresthe)0Accordingח0
IsraelחוfacilitiesdetentionIDFחוPalestinians9,972werethere1990,2יDecember
remainderthebillldings;חןheldwerethemof500Onlyterritorles.occupiedtheand
masks.gas~ccept)0rcl-uscdCalnpRcfugccTulkanntheorresidentsreason,thisFor4
themdistribute)0failuretheהחבtc[ritorics)theחוmusksgasofdistribution0]rateslowtheWhen5
acthethatdemandingMinister,DelincctheLoIcticrבwrotcIl'Tselemrevealed,werechildren.)0
distribution.lhecompleteand0"paccthequicken)0immediatcly
meansthehaveזסחaiamajorityoverwhelmingthewordsotherמוtents.חוheldwereroom.בsealingbythemselvesprotect!0
relatedofficeSpokesperson'sת0IDFthematter,the0חquestionsour)0responseתו
violationssecuAtyforprovideddefenseofmeansprinicple"thethat1991,15,Januarythem."guardwhosoldiersIDFthe10providedthoseassamethearedetainees
clear151!1"15,Despiteתזסז]announcementGeneral'sAttorneytheofphrasingtheמו)prisonanddetentionתוeventhat239/91(235/91,237/91,petitionsHCJ!0response
arekitsthe,511ןprotectivewithsuppliedarewhichMegidoandOferassuchfacilitiesofsomeforleastןבtogether,storedaretheyRather,pnsoners.the1110בdistributed!0ח
"therefacilitiestheseofoneeachחוannouncement,the0ןAccordingprisoners.thetherein."detainedthose11ןforkitsprotectiveare...
cells,תיdetaineesthe10distributedweremasksexample,forfacility,Ramallahthe1ת
tents.חוresidingthose0ת10זbut
person;their0מmaskstheircarrydetentionמוsoldiersIDFthatdoubt015חThere.accurate!0תwasSpokespersonIDFthetherefore,
ofIntentlon015חtherethatannouncedhasGeneralAttorneytheAdditionally,Ketziot,חוBank,Westsouthenltheחוfacilitiesdetention1חkitsprotectivedistributingthreat."Iraqitheofrangethe"outsidelocatedaretheysinceStrip,Gazatheחוand
forKetziot,nearlivewhocivilians1]בthatconslderingstrange,soundsclaimThis1!Againkits.protectivereceivedKetziot,ofsouthrrulesmanythoseevenandexample,
areandmovementstheirתוcircumscribedaredetaineesthethatemphasizedbeshouldrelativeexposedaretheywhich0ןdangertheheightensconditionThistents.1חhoused
population.oftherestthe10
UNRWAbyKitsProtectiveGasofDistribution
gas52,000receive!0duesoon15orreceived,BankWestthe1תofficeUNRWATheandFinlandFrance,itzerland,Swit)ada,Can;ofgovernmentsthefromkitsprotective
distributedandSwitzerlandfromreceivedkitsthe10addition115חThisNorway.arenowarrivingkitsTheworkers.staffhealthkeyandworkersUNRWAamong
servicepublicandhealth10workers,UNRWAOfmembersfamily!0distributedbeingandauthorities)IsraelithefromorUNRWA(fromkitsrecieved10תhave5!111whostaffthe11בdistribute1וווקל!thatemphasizesline.UNRWAgreenthenearlivewhopeople!0
PalestiniansofthesecuritytheforresponsibleIsraelconsiders1!thatbutrecelves,1)kits
territories.theחו
Conclusions
situationבwar,ofstate15תובIsraeliwriting,report'sthisoftimetheDuring
measures.securitynecessarytakingstated,haveweasnecessitating,
haslifeIsrael,withinandwar,ofthebeginningthesincepassedhasmonth8However,
ofbeginningthe1בtemtoriesthe1תimplementedstepscontrast,1חnolTnal.10returned
effect:51111תוarewarthe
forplacesvanousתוliftedbeenhas11althoughcurfew,underareresidents11)ע*
thethatstatedTerritoriestheחוActivitiesofCoordinatorTheperiods.umevarious
)0intendsestablishmentdefensethethatseems11butlifted,beinggraduallywascurfew
months.101ח]weeks,fewבoverliftinggradualthedrag
another10areaonefromtravelpreventsandcontinues,territoriestheחוclosureThe
territoriesthefromPalestiniansmostofentrancetheaswellasteITItOrleS,thewithinIsrael.101ת
work,ofplacestheir1romdisconnectedbeenhaveterritoriestheofresidentsMost.
marketingandneglected,beenhasworkagriculturalessentlalclosed,arefactoriesmost
interrupted.severelybeenhasproduceagriculturalOf
has-university10schoolsgradeandkindergartenfrom-systemeducationThe*
functioning.1015חandclosedbeen
theofone-thirdthanlessdecision,HCJthefollowingmonthבthannloreaddition,מו
theofresidentsPalestinianafnongdistributionforpossessionIDF'sthe,חmasks
only10distributedbeenhavemasks101,1תובdistributed.beenhaveterritories,
thethatfactthe5ה511נGraveritories.terriltheתוPalestinianstheof%3approximately
received!0חhasdetaineesPalestinianofthousandstheofmajorityoverwhelming
sealedOfprotectiontheevendeniedaretheytents,תוlivetheysinceand1115,protectiverooms.
remove10curfew,the11]1)0immediatelyoperate)5הוטestablishmentdefenseThe
10Israelwithinworkwholaborersenable10territories,thewithintravel0חlimitations
10income),ofsourceanotherwiththemprovide)0alternatively(orjobstheir10return
theofresidents1110בattack~asבfornecessitryprotectiontheprovideimmediately
10course,ofrefer,Wereopen.10systemschoolentiretheenable)0andtemtorles,
wouldwhichtimeofperiodlongבoveroutdrawnsteps10)0חandactlon,quick
residents.theofhardshipstheprolong
FatalitiesIntifada
Palestinian7421991יJanuary,ofendthethroughIntifadatheofbeginningtheSinceof.forcessecurityIsraelibykilledbeenhavetemtonesoccupiedtheofresidents
these:
707bullets):"rubber"andplastic(includingdeathsShooting*35other):andburns(beatings,deaths-אסמshooting*
them:of168,Children:*
64younger:and12Aged122[6:1013Aged
timeshort8diedinfants,30approximatelyincludingpeople,additional85least!4נ
dificult1511standpointmedical8Fromgas.tear)0exposureafterש0death.ofcausedirectand50108asgastear0שexposurepinpoint
were10andcivilians,Israelibyapparentlykilled,beenhavePalestiniansadditional35"collaborators."bykilled
3includingcivillans,lsraeli11andmembersforcesecurity13period,thisDuring
residents.Palestinianbyterritoriesoccupiedthe1מkilledwereinfants,
withcollaborationofsusupectedPalestinians336Press,AsscciatedtheשAccording
ofbeginningthesinceterritoriesoccupiedtheמוkilledbeenhaveauthoritiesIsraelithe
Intifada.the
3civilians,Israeli26period,sametheduringSpokesperson,IDFthe!0According
greenthewithinkilledwerepersonnelservicesecurity6andtourists~femaleת110
territoriesthefromPalestinians16least/)1territories.theofresidentsPalestinianby
greenthewithinkil[edbeenhaveסחו[andcivilians,Israelibyתbykilledwas00ב
gunfire.policeman's
FatalitiesJanuary's
Palestinians15data*,B'Tselem's10according1991,January,Ofmonththe1מGazathe7מוandBank,Westtheתוofthem8gunfire,forces'securitybykilledwere
.12aged1children,5weregunfireforces'securityfiomfatalitiestheAmongsuipמו)
the1תוandBankWestthe13ת(16and13ofagesthebetweenand4Bank),Westthe
stip).Gaza
withcollaboratingOfsuspectedPalestinians12Press,Associatedthe10According
.1991January,ofmonththeמוkilledwereauthoritiesthe
byoverrunbeingbyLineGreenthewithinkilledwasfemaleIsraeliOneב
Onenationalism.bymotivatedapparentlyterritoriestheofresidentPalestinian
,bydeadshotwasdriver,thePalestinianמבIsraeliסנע,1נבמ.
TheJanuary.תוagainrosegunfireforces'securityfromfatalitiesofnumberThe
of13noted.beshouldfatalities,theofthirdone-childrenofnumberhighespecially
theafter2andGulf,Persiantheמוwarofoutbreakthe10priorkilledwerekilledthose
began.war
theמוcurfewcontinuingthebyposedinformationgatheringמוdifficultythe10*Due
asviewedbe10חshouldkilled,thoseofagestheparticularlyfigures,theseterritories,
final.