Observe your test tubes. Determine which test tube most effectively

digested the protein. Complete your lab report

◦ Write a short summary of what the data tells you related to your purpose.

◦ Answer the Lab questions from the blue sheet on your lab report.

Warm-Up #12

NutritionChapter 38-1

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Explain how food provides energy.

Describe the nutrients your body needs.

Explain why water is such an important nutrient.

Explain how to use the food pyramid.

Objectives

1 calorie = 1˚C rise in 1g water tempThe Calories you know = 1 kilocalorie

Calories…

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Nutrients!!!

Every cell in the human body needs water because many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions, take place in water.◦ Water makes the major part of blood, lymph and

other bodily fluids◦ Humans need to drink at least 1 liter of water

each day.◦ Lack of water can result in dehydration.

Water

Simple and Complex carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.

Simple: fruits, honey and sugar cane—mono and disaccharides

Complex: grains, potatoes, vegetables—polysaccharides or starches

Complex carbs are broken down to simple carbs through digestion.

Carbohydrates

Fats are formed from fatty acids and glycerol.

You need essential fatty acids to produce cell membranes, myelin sheaths and certain hormones and to absorb fat-soluble vitamins.

Extra energy can be stored as fat that protects the body organs and insulates the body.

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats

Fats

Proteins supply raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle.

They also have regulatory and transport functions, e.g. insulin and hemoglobin

The body can only synthesize 12 of the amino acids used to make proteins. The other 8 are called essential amino acids. They must be obtained from the protein containing foods you eat.

Those who do not eat animal products must eat a combination of plant foods such as beans and rice to obtain all the essential amino acids.

Proteins

Vitamins are organic molecules that help regulate your body processes, often working with the enzymes.

Most vitamins must be obtained from food. Two types

◦ Fat soluble: Include A, D, E, and K—can be stored in fatty tissues.. Excessive amounts of these vitamins can be toxic.

◦ Water soluble: Include C and the B vitamins—cannot be stored in the body.

Vitamins

Minerals are inorganic nutrients that the body needs.

Minerals do not provide the body with a source of cellular energy but are important components of many body parts.

Examples: calcium—bone and teeth; iron—hemoglobin; magnesium—activation of enzymes in protein synthesis.

See Figure 38-7.

Minerals

Teenage Female2200 Cal/day

Teenage Male2800 Cal/day

Does it matter where you get your calories from?

Daily Recommendations

How does food provide energy?

What are the nutrients your body needs?◦ Which are organic and which are inorganic?

Why is water such an important nutrient?

How do you use the food pyramid?

Summary

Complete Study Guide Page 40.

Homework—Due March 10, 2011