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Global Lightning Research and status of WWLLN Presentation by Robert Holzworth and Katrina Virts (ESS/UW) (NASA/MSFC) With copious help from our colleagues and students: James Brundell (Ultra MSK, NewZealand) Stan Heckman (Earth Networks) Michael McCarthy, Abe Jacobson, Hao Zheng (UW Earth and Space Sciences) Cliff Mass, Ken Dixon (now at TWC), Greg Hakim, Mike Wallace and Todd Mitchell (UW Atmospheric Sciences) Ken Pickering (NASA and UMD) Dale Allen (UMD) Alexa Van Eaton and John Ewert (USGS Cascadia Volcano Center)

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Page 1: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

Global Lightning Research and status of WWLLNPresentation by Robert Holzworth and Katrina Virts

(ESS/UW) (NASA/MSFC)

With copious help from our colleagues and students:James Brundell (Ultra MSK, NewZealand)Stan Heckman (Earth Networks)Michael McCarthy, Abe Jacobson, Hao Zheng (UW Earth and Space Sciences)Cliff Mass, Ken Dixon (now at TWC), Greg Hakim, Mike Wallace and Todd Mitchell (UW Atmospheric Sciences)Ken Pickering (NASA and UMD) Dale Allen (UMD)Alexa Van Eaton and John Ewert (USGS Cascadia Volcano Center)

Page 2: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

Global Lightning Research and status of WWLLN

1. Network status/Combination of new data set with Earth Networks200 to 300 % increases over WWLLN-only

2. ResearchLightning Assimilation into forecast modelsNOx from lightning using OMI and WWLLNVolcanic lightning studies (Calbuci and Kelud)Lightning Whistlers in Magnetosphere (NASA Van Allen Probes)Lightning Whistler propagation Study using C/NOFS – multiple whistler dispersionsGlobal climatologyLightning Clusters as proxy for thunderstorms

For the record;WWLLN has 76 active stations (over 100 Host scientists)WWLLN located in 2015: 170 x 106 strokes (1.4 billion from 2005 through 2015)Projected for next year WWLLN+EN(vlf): 350 x 106 strokes 101 peer reviewed papers (see http://wwlln.net/publications )No government or private grants (operations paid by data sales)

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Page 4: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o
Page 5: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

.

One Day, showing percent INCREASE with EN and WWLLN

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Page 7: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

Some Recent Research Results

Lightning Assimilation into forecast models (Published2016)

NOx from lightning using OMI and WWLLN (2016)

Volcanic Lightning at Calbuck, Chile (2016)

Lightning whistlers in Magnetosphere (NASA Van Allen Probes) (2015)

Lightning Whistler propagation Study using C/NOFS –multiple whistler dispersions (2016)

Page 8: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

New technique for lightning assimilation into forecast model using WWLLN Lightning to nudge water vapor towards saturation

Dixon et al, JATP, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0188.1,Sept 2016

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Estimating NOx from lightning for world

Pickering et al, J. Geophys. Res, Atmospheres, V. 121, doi: 10.1002/2015JD024179 (July 2016)

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Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco Volcano, Chile

Formation of hazardous pyroclastic density currents signaled by a sharp increase in proximal lightning and slower upwind plume expansion WWLLN detects strokes

Van Eaton et al, Geophysical Research Letters, v 43, n 7, 3563-71, 16 April 2016; DOI:10.1002/2016GL068076

Page 11: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

Spectrogram

De-chirped Spectrogram

Waveform (used above)

De-chirped Waveform

WWLLN located Strokes

MAGNETOSPHERICLightning Whistlers

NASA Van Allen Probe Wave Data

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New whistler propagation code can find multiple DIFFERENT dispersions, automatically

1.4 million whistlers processed using C/NOFS wave data

Jacobson et al, Radio Science, V51, doi:10.1002/2016R5005989 (Sept 2016)

Different dispersions for different whistlers during the same 12 s record

i.e. Whistlers took DIFFERENT paths to satellite

Page 13: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

Newly Updated WWLLN Global Climatology

Based on 1.1 Billion Strokes Densities at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 degree pixels, relative detection efficiency correctedMean Annual, and mean monthly (Jan – Dec) and diurnal variability available

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A Word about relative detection efficiency:It is based on Far Field VLF radiated Energy/stroke which isdirectly related to peak current

NOTE: within 1 hour the global energy distribution is stable in our data.

Relative detection efficiency is calculated GLOBALLY every hour

Figure 1b from: Hutchins, M. L., R. H. Holzworth, J. B. Brundell, and C. J. Rodger, Relative Detection Efficiency of the World Wide Lightning Location Network, Radio Science, 2012RS005049, 2012

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Strokes(6.5 times increase)(mostly from adding new stations)

Clusters(2.3 times increasefrom 2005 and just )

10 Years WWLLN DATA

Per day

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Three months comparison of vorticity and lightning (by Wallace and Mitchell (UW))

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WWLLN cluster evolution statistics

• Calculate every 10 minutes:• Number of strokes• Mean stroke energy• Convex hull and area

• Define cluster scale time0 = time of first lightning in cluster1 = time of last lightning

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Results consistent for:• Warm vs. cold season• Short (<30 min),

medium (2-6h), and long-lived (>12h) clusters

• Small and large clusters

• Other land regions

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ENTLN cluster evolution statistics

• Assign ENTLN flashes to WWLLN clusters• Look for flashes within 0.15° and ±15 minutes

• Calculate every 10 minutes:• Number of total, CG, and IC flashes• Mean flash energy• Polarity

Page 20: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o
Page 21: o } o > ] P Z v ] v P Z Z v µ } ( tt>>Eearthweb.ess.washington.edu/holzworth/Holzworth.Virts.NOAA-GLM... · K v Ç U Z } Á ] v P v /E Z ^ Á ] Z E v tt>>E ^ } u Z v Z Z Z µ o

Thank you

Contact:Robert Holzworth, University of Washington <[email protected]>OrKatrina Virts, NASA/MSFC<[email protected]>


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