© life_edu lecture 22 part iia. pharmaceutical biotechnology in the genomics era issues in...
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© life_edu
Lecture 22
Part IIa. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology in the Genomics Era
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Issues in Biotechnology:Biotechnology, Our Society and Our Future
OnCampus LiveOnCampus LiveBCH 190, MIC 190, AFS 190, NRS 190, PLS 190BCH 190, MIC 190, AFS 190, NRS 190, PLS 190
OnLine BCH 190OnLine BCH 190
A Sweeping General Survey on Life and BiotechnologyA Public Access College Course
The University of Rhode Island
Kimberly Nelson
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
© life_edu
A Sweeping General Survey on Life and Biotechnology
The University of Rhode Island
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
BCH 190BCH 190 Section II.
The Applications of Biotechnology
© life_edu
Lecture 20
Part Ia. Emergent Technologies: Where Do Our Medicines Come From?
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
© life_edu
Lecture 21
Part Ib. Emergent Technologies: DNA-Based Biotechnology and
Pharmaceutical Drug Development
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
© life_edu
Lecture 22
Part IIa. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology in the Genomics Era
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
© life_edu
Lecture 23
Part IIb. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
The Problem of Human Suffering
The Problem of Human Suffering
Plato Albert EinsteinEpicurus Bertrand RussellSocrates Mark TwainSt. Augustine John Stuart MillMartin Luther GandhiThomas Aquinas John LennonCharles Templeton Richard Dawkins
Issues in Biotechnology:The Way We Work With Life
Dr. Albert P. Kausch
life edu.us
Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyEmergent Technologies
Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyIn the Genomics Era
What’s a genome?What’s a genome?
A genome is all the DNA in an organism, including its genes. Genes carry information for making all the proteins required
by all organisms.
“For the last three and a half billion years, evolution has been taking notes”
“Biology is undergoing one of the most fundamental revolutions that any science has seen. It’s changing from a purely laboratory science to an information-based science.” Eric Lander
BacteriaHeamophilos influenza 1995
Round wormC. elegans 1999
FruitflyDrosophila 2000
Human 2001
Genomes
The Human Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project
First Draft of theHuman GenomeFebruary 15, 2001
‘The accomplishment oflanding on the moonpales in significancecompared with therecent advances in DNA-based biotechnology’
The Chimpanzee Genome —A Bittersweet Celebration Maynard V. Olson and Ajit Varki Science 9 July 2004: 191-192.
The Chimpanzee Genome —A Bittersweet Celebration Maynard V. Olson and Ajit Varki Science 9 July 2004: 191-192
Beyond the Chimpanzee Genome: The Threat of Extinction Marc D. Hauser Science 2 September 2005: 1498-1499.
Gorilla Genome
Our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among species is made more accurate through analysis and comparison of the DNA sequences in their genomes
How do we explain the information in DNA out to an organism that can discuss it?
Genomic TechnologiesGenomic Technologies• Genome Sequencing
• Measuring mRNA levels
• Measuring and Characterizing Proteins
Genomic TechnologiesGenomic Technologies• Genomics
• Transcriptomics
• Proteomics
Comparative Genomics
Issues in Biotechnology
The entire genomic sequences are now known for many species of bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and animals, including humans and chimpanzees. This vast amount of information has been published and is in the public domain. The genome databases aligned and the similarities and relations can be examined. Individual gene sequences can be searched to find striking similarities between species. These types of analyses have shown that humans are 98% similar in DNA sequence to the chimpanzee; 88% similar to mice and about 33% similar to the genes of a rice plant. This type of analysis is called:
(A) transgenic analysis (B) comparative genomics (C) mutational analysis (D) functional genomics (E) DNA gold mining
What is Life??
What is Life??
An information processing system capable of replication with variation subject to selectionby the environment
The Compositionof HumansAnd Their
RelationshipTo life
GenomicsFunctional and ComparativeGenomics
17. Proteomics: (A) the study of all the proteins produced by an organism and their interactions(B) the study of the ecology of the Protista by molecular biology (C) one of the largest pharmaceutical biotechnology companies in the world (D)the exact measurement of protein structures using X-ray crystallography(E) a hoax perpetrated by molecular biologists about alien proteins
18. Genetic predisposition to disease or drug response is the focus of what area of biotechnology? (A) Agricultural biotechnology(B) Forensics(C) Pharmacogenomics(D) Stem cell research(E) Animal cloning
19. Recombinant DNA technology has been able to make what class of compounds as a new class of effective drugs? (A) muscle fibers (B) antibodies (C) lipids (D) Cox 2 inhibitors(E) homeopathic treatments
20. What is a genome?
(A) the genetics of small people(B) a genetic disease associated with small stature(C) all the DNA in an organism, including its genes (D) the absence of genetic markers with some body cells(E) the study of the information in a single gene