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Environmental modelingEnvironmental modelingapplication domainsapplication domains

Environmental modelingEnvironmental modelingapplication domainsapplication domains

anan overview of overview of environmental topics and environmental topics and

domainsdomains

anan overview of overview of environmental topics and environmental topics and

domainsdomains

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

• Atmospheric systemsAtmospheric systems• Hydrologic systemsHydrologic systems• Land surface and subsurfaceLand surface and subsurface• Biological and ecological systemsBiological and ecological systems• Risks and hazardsRisks and hazards• Technological systems Technological systems (transportation)(transportation)

• Management and policy modelsManagement and policy models

• Atmospheric systemsAtmospheric systems• Hydrologic systemsHydrologic systems• Land surface and subsurfaceLand surface and subsurface• Biological and ecological systemsBiological and ecological systems• Risks and hazardsRisks and hazards• Technological systems Technological systems (transportation)(transportation)

• Management and policy modelsManagement and policy models

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

Atmospheric systemsAtmospheric systems• weather forecastingweather forecasting

• climate modelsclimate models

• air pollution: industry, traffic, air pollution: industry, traffic, domestic sources, accidental domestic sources, accidental releases (hazardous substances)releases (hazardous substances)

Atmospheric systemsAtmospheric systems• weather forecastingweather forecasting

• climate modelsclimate models

• air pollution: industry, traffic, air pollution: industry, traffic, domestic sources, accidental domestic sources, accidental releases (hazardous substances)releases (hazardous substances)

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

Atmospheric systemsAtmospheric systems• weather forecastingweather forecasting

• climate modelsclimate models

• air pollution: industry, traffic, air pollution: industry, traffic, domestic sources, accidental domestic sources, accidental releases (hazardous substances)releases (hazardous substances)

Atmospheric systemsAtmospheric systems• weather forecastingweather forecasting

• climate modelsclimate models

• air pollution: industry, traffic, air pollution: industry, traffic, domestic sources, accidental domestic sources, accidental releases (hazardous substances)releases (hazardous substances)

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

climate models: climate models: attempt to analyse the attempt to analyse the

effects of greenhouse gas emissions on theeffects of greenhouse gas emissions on the

global climate,global climate,

energy balance,energy balance,

sea level rise, sea level rise,

water resources,water resources,

vegetation andvegetation and

wildlife, humanwildlife, human

health, etc. health, etc.

climate models: climate models: attempt to analyse the attempt to analyse the

effects of greenhouse gas emissions on theeffects of greenhouse gas emissions on the

global climate,global climate,

energy balance,energy balance,

sea level rise, sea level rise,

water resources,water resources,

vegetation andvegetation and

wildlife, humanwildlife, human

health, etc. health, etc.

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

climate models: climate models: global circulation modelsglobal circulation models

GCMs use a coarse resolution (between 3 toGCMs use a coarse resolution (between 3 to 6 deg. lat.long, 6 deg. lat.long, and a few vertical and a few vertical layers.layers. Comparison withComparison with long-term climatelong-term climate measurementsmeasurements (30 year average(30 year average July temperatures).July temperatures).

climate models: climate models: global circulation modelsglobal circulation models

GCMs use a coarse resolution (between 3 toGCMs use a coarse resolution (between 3 to 6 deg. lat.long, 6 deg. lat.long, and a few vertical and a few vertical layers.layers. Comparison withComparison with long-term climatelong-term climate measurementsmeasurements (30 year average(30 year average July temperatures).July temperatures).

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

climate models: climate models: scenario assumptions scenario assumptions usually are based on an increase inusually are based on an increase in

atmospheric COatmospheric CO22

Example: UKMOExample: UKMO

current COcurrent CO2 2 levels. levels.

climate models: climate models: scenario assumptions scenario assumptions usually are based on an increase inusually are based on an increase in

atmospheric COatmospheric CO22

Example: UKMOExample: UKMO

current COcurrent CO2 2 levels. levels.

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

climate models: climate models: scenario assumptions scenario assumptions usually are based on an increase inusually are based on an increase in

atmospheric COatmospheric CO22

Example: UKMOExample: UKMO

doubleddoubled CO CO2 2 levels. levels.

climate models: climate models: scenario assumptions scenario assumptions usually are based on an increase inusually are based on an increase in

atmospheric COatmospheric CO22

Example: UKMOExample: UKMO

doubleddoubled CO CO2 2 levels. levels.

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• estimation of the source term:estimation of the source term:

– rate and duration of releaserate and duration of release

– source size, locationsource size, location

– initial buoyancy and momentuminitial buoyancy and momentum

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• estimation of the source term:estimation of the source term:

– rate and duration of releaserate and duration of release

– source size, locationsource size, location

– initial buoyancy and momentuminitial buoyancy and momentum

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

estimation of the source term:estimation of the source term: embedded expertembedded expert

system with ansystem with an object data base.object data base.

estimation of the source term:estimation of the source term: embedded expertembedded expert

system with ansystem with an object data base.object data base.

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• pollutant transportpollutant transport

– advection by windadvection by wind

– turbulent and molecular diffusionturbulent and molecular diffusion

– buoyancy effects (gases, particles)buoyancy effects (gases, particles)

– deposition, chemical reactions, deposition, chemical reactions, radioactive decayradioactive decay

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• pollutant transportpollutant transport

– advection by windadvection by wind

– turbulent and molecular diffusionturbulent and molecular diffusion

– buoyancy effects (gases, particles)buoyancy effects (gases, particles)

– deposition, chemical reactions, deposition, chemical reactions, radioactive decayradioactive decay

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

pollutant pollutant transporttransport

GaussianGaussian 2D model2D model (USEPA ISC)(USEPA ISC)

pollutant pollutant transporttransport

GaussianGaussian 2D model2D model (USEPA ISC)(USEPA ISC)

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Real-time 48 hour air quality forecast: Helsinki metropolitanReal-time 48 hour air quality forecast: Helsinki metropolitan

© K.Fedra 2000

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• impacts and hazardsimpacts and hazards

– human end environmental exposurehuman end environmental exposure

– damage through chemical reactionsdamage through chemical reactions (corrosion)(corrosion)– damage through explosion and firedamage through explosion and fire

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• impacts and hazardsimpacts and hazards

– human end environmental exposurehuman end environmental exposure

– damage through chemical reactionsdamage through chemical reactions (corrosion)(corrosion)– damage through explosion and firedamage through explosion and fire

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domainsimpacts and hazards: impacts and hazards: estimated byestimated by overlays ofoverlays of long-term airlong-term air quality valuesquality values (simulated with(simulated with ISC-LT model)ISC-LT model) and land useand land use or populationor population maps.maps.

impacts and hazards: impacts and hazards: estimated byestimated by overlays ofoverlays of long-term airlong-term air quality valuesquality values (simulated with(simulated with ISC-LT model)ISC-LT model) and land useand land use or populationor population maps.maps.

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Modeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling DomainsModeling Domains

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• Management scenariosManagement scenarios

– direct comparison of alternativesdirect comparison of alternatives– computations of costs computations of costs (investment, (investment,

operations, repair and replacement)operations, repair and replacement)

– optimizationoptimization

Air pollution modelingAir pollution modeling• Management scenariosManagement scenarios

– direct comparison of alternativesdirect comparison of alternatives– computations of costs computations of costs (investment, (investment,

operations, repair and replacement)operations, repair and replacement)

– optimizationoptimization

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Real-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, JapanReal-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, Japan

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Real-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, JapanReal-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, Japan

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Real-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, JapanReal-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, Japan

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Real-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, JapanReal-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, Japan

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Real-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, JapanReal-time POLLEN forecast: Kanto, Japan