+ inclusive teaching: the journey towards effective schools for all learners, 2e peterson / hittie...

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Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective Schools for All Learners, 2ePeterson / Hittie

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.

Chapter 12 Inclusive Academic Instruction

Multilevel Differentiated Instructional Activities


© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.2

Two Social Studies ClassesOne for Sleeping; the Other for Learning

Garland Heights High School

Lecture Facts review sheet Multiple choice test Students playing

around and sleeping Special needs student

is discouraged

Highlander High School Role playing a historical

event Groups play a particular

group studying the position of each

Each student has unique contributions to make to the group

A student with a significant disability strengthens the learning of all as students support him



Sights to SeeMultilevel Project-based Learning

Learning Landscapewww.edutopia.org/wetland-ecology-

technology-video

A Night in the Global Village: Role-Playing Life in Poverty

www.edutopia.org/night-global-village

Smart Moveswww.edutopia.org/new-physical-

education-movement-video



Step 4. Inclusive Instructional StrategiesIntroduction to Workshop Learning

Identify the topic and learning goals for the students

Start with a short mini-lesson related to needed skills

Interaction of individual, paired, and small group work

Engage in study and work to develop a product that demonstrates learning

Peer conferences to obtain feedback from other students

Publishing, sharing their work



Workshop LearningDifferent Variations

Subject-based workshop - reading, writing, math

Inquiry and problem-based learning

Expeditionary learning Micro-society Community-based

learning Service learning

experiences



Inquiry And Authoring Cycle

Connect to life experiences

Develop questions and plan approach

Gather information Draft product Explore meaning Revise content Obtain help in editing Share and publish Build skills for inquiry Plan new inquiries



Workshop Learning3 Approaches to Learning Activities

1. Multilevel learning activities

2. Tiered lessons

3. Individualized differentiation and curriculum adaptations



Workshop LearningMultilevel Learning Activities

Skill Learning Via Authentic, Applied Activities

Open-Ended Individual Projects Independent Inquiry and

Problem-based Learning Learning contracts Learning Centers Authentic Homework

Open-Ended Group Projects

Learning activities in which students function naturally at their own level of ability



Strategies for Multilevel TeachingCross Subject Tools

Art to convey meaning Inquiry projects at different levels Partial participation in learning activities Cooperative learning groups (students

with different abilities contribute to the total group)

Support and scaffolding to provide assistance for students to complete activities they could not do alone

Pair-share information Heterogeneous partners Students chose own topics Student-led portfolio conferences



Strategies for Multilevel TeachingLiteracy

Choice of books at different levels Buddy reading Read-alouds Individual writing goals Stick-figure drawing to write a story

line Individual spelling lists Writing poetry



Strategies for Multilevel TeachingScience

Experiments with different group roles identified

Note-taking using graphic organizers

Informational reading at many levels

Heterogeneous work groups help each other with assignments



Strategies for Multilevel TeachingMath

Math games Learning groups based on student

interest and readiness Math projects with multiple types of

tasks and levels to choose from Whole class interest related

community projects Heterogeneous practice groups



Strategies for Multilevel TeachingSocial Studies

Projects that allow students different roles

Dramatic role play of social and historical situations

Write songs, poems, stories etc. that show learning

Involve local people with interviews, visits, and projects



Journey into the ClassroomInclusive, Creative Writing in Middle School

1. Moving from poetry to memoirs to expository text and fiction

2. Free writing3. Poetry - list poems, reading

aloud, craft - eg. importance of 3’s

4. Memoir deepens thinking - heart and neighborhood map; getting out of being stuck



Workshop LearningTeacher-designed Leveled Lessons

Tiered Assignments and Products

Curriculum Compacting

Tiered Games for Practice and Review

Learning activities where teachers develop different activities at varied levels of challenge



Language Arts

History Math Art

Play regarding civil rights.

X X X

Personal reflections

X X

Interview a lawyer or civil rights

leader

X X

Learning Activities and Subjects Matrix



Multiple IntelligencesA Tool for Inclusive Workshop-based Learning

A way of looking at multiple types of ways of being smart

Build on strengths Focus on how students think, what they

love, what they need in learning Frequent mismatch between student

intelligences and school instruction Each person possesses all 8

intelligences Each is interactive with the other Use multiple intelligences to understand

students’ misbehavior in class



Multiple IntelligencesMultiple Intelligence

DescriptionThink. . . Love . . .

Needs . . .Teaching Menu

(a few ideas)1. Linguistic:. In words . . . reading, writing, telling

stories, playing word games . . .Books, tapes, writing tools, dialogue.

Use storytelling to explain . . . Conduct adebate on . . . Write a poem, legend, shortplay or news article about . . .

2. Logical-mathematical:

By reasoning . . . experimenting,questioning, figuring out. . . things toexplore, science materials, manipulatives.

Translate a . . . into a math formula.Design & conduct an experiment.Make up syllogisms to explain .

3. Spatial: In images and pictures. . . designing,drawing, visualizing, doodling . . . art,movies, illustrated books, museums.

Chart, map, or graph . . . Create a slideshow, video, or photo album of . . . Createart that illustrates . . .

4. Bodily-kinesthetic: Through the body. . . dancing, running,jumping, building, touching. . . role play,drama, movement, hands-on learning.

Create movements to explain. . . Build orconstruct a . . . Plan a field trip to. . .Bringhands-on materials to demonstrate. . .

5. Musical: Via rhythms and melodies . . . singing,whistling, humming, tapping feet. . . sing-along, musical instruments, music.

Give presentation on . . . with music.Sing a rap or song that explains .Make an instrument and use it todemonstrate. . .

6. Interpersonal: By talking with other people. . . leading,organizing, talking, mediating, partying. .. friends, group games, social events,mentors

Conduct a meeting to address. .Participate in a service project toTeach someone about . . .Practice giving and receiving feedback on.

7. Intra-personal: Reflecting deeply inside. . . setting goals,meditating, dreaming, being quiet. . .secret places, self-paced projects, choices.

Describe qualities you have that will helpyou . . . Develop a plan to . . . Describe apersonal value about . Write a journal entryon . . . Assess your own work in . . .

8. Naturalist: Interacting with the environment . . .camping, being in the community,organizing the environment.

Create observation notebooks of - Describechanges in the local community. . . Care forpets, wildlife, gardens, or parks in . . .



Logical-

Mathematical

Naturalist

Linguistic

Spatial

Bodily-Kinesthet

ic

MusicalInterpersonal

Intra-personal

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES PLANNING CIRCLE



Observe and take notes in a location in the community. Present conclusions. Group or individual.

x x x x X

Interview a lawyer or civil rights leader about one of the rights. Develop written report, video, etc.

x x X

Conduct study regarding rights violations in a community – legal costs, economics, #’s of complaints lost and won.

x X x x

Write a short story, play, or poem regarding reflections on the importance of one of the rights.

x x X X X

LEARNING ACTIVITIES Ling Log-Mth

Spat BodK Mus Inter Intra Nat

Multiple Intelligences Planning Matrix



Scaffolding Learning to Strengthen Understanding

Support for zone of proximal development – next level of learning

Effective scaffolds are: Multilevel Inclusive Promote higher order

thinking Dynamic and evolving




Some Examples Teacher or student reads a book of interest

to a student that is too hard for him A reading buddy helps a student with words

she does not know One student writes for another student who

finds it difficult to write A teacher provides a pictorial guide for a

student in assignments New vocabulary is pre-taught Students act out a scene in a novel




Tools

Copy search

Highlighting

Summarizing key points

Develop study guides for lessons

Journaling



Freewriting Students write as much as they can in a given time span on a given

topic. K-W-L In three columns students write what they know, what they want to

know, and later what they learned. Dialogue journals

Written conversation about a topic goes back and forth between teacher and student or between student and student.

Learning logs Continuous writing about what was learned that day, in an academic subject or a given topic. A student’s learning log is a place to hold sketches, K-W-Ls, etc.

Book journal Thoughts, predictions, likes/dislikes, or feelings about a story read. Double entries

Journal pages divided into columns, where on one side problems can be worked out and on the other side the rationale is explained.

Writer’s Notebook

Journal where ideas for a writing, snippets of thoughts, great descriptions of a single item or event, or lists of ideas are created for later use in the writing process.

Types of Journaling



Step 5. Individualized Differentiation of Learning Activities

Strategies

No Differentiation

Adapted teaching strategies

Adaptations of various parts of the lesson - learning goals, materials, teaching strategies, and activities

Parallel activities



Tools and Strategies for InclusiveWorkshop Learning

Whole Class Mini-lessons and Discussions

Student Collaboration and Peer Support Flexible Grouping Class-wide Peer Tutoring Partner Reading Work Groups “Jigsaw” Partner Clocks Students as Experts Students as Experts Experiments Experiments



Tools and Strategies for InclusiveWorkshop Learning

Small Group Mini-lessons Strategy Lessons Group Reflections and

Dialogue Learning Logs

Student Conferences Peer Conferences and

Testing Publishing Sharing and Celebrations



Multilevel Learning Materials

Written materials at many levels of ability

Use of graphics to enhance information

Tools by which written materials are read aloud

Quality internet sites Picture booklets showing

step by step directions Powerpoint presentations of

key information Thinking worksheets



Including Students in Lecture-Worksheet-Test Instruction

Lecture and group discussion

Think-pair-share Powerpoint Supports for note-taking Alternatives to lecture Tests at differing ability

levels Reduce number of items Review sheets



Bumps in the RoadDealing with a Required Prescriptive Curriculum

The search for ‘teacher proof’ curriculum and instruction - many school districts are using, particularly in schools that serve many children of color

What to do? Be clear about your beliefs If the curriculum has elements of workshop

learning emphasize these Connect student workshop learning

experiences with categories of the prescribed curriculum

Publicly show student work and label it with required elements of the prescribed curriculum



Back PackUniversal Design for Learning

& Project-based Learning

Access Centerwww.k8accesscenter.org/index.php

Edutopia www.edutopia.org

Project-based Learning Onlinewww.bie.org/index.php/site/PBL/

pbl_online/

+ inclusive teaching: the journey towards effective schools for all learners, 2e peterson / hittie...

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