Hosting Day Workshop

ORK Introduction

Gang PanMicrosoft

Session Overview• Welcome• Series of workshops, demos and examples• Define or re-cap Business Objectives• Determine which workshops are needed

Scale is “great and terrible”

Rapid changes is “great and terrible”

What everyone wants …Continuous service availability +Continuous rapid release cycle +Continuous deployment_________

Automation

$$IdeaBusiness Development Operations

In the past, Windows Server was a great operating system

• for a single server• and its devices

Windows Server 2012 is a great operating system• for many servers• and the devices that connect them• whether they are physical or virtual• on premises or off premises

Windows Server Management Philosophy

PowerShell Automation is…

• We know…• Admins are busy and don’t have time• Learning a new language and system (aka PowerShell) takes time!

• We vow… • Learn PowerShell and we will make it the best investment you ever

made• We will leverage what you learn over and over and over

PowerShell “Sacred Vow”

• PowerShell 1.0• Introduced a great scripting language for local machine management• Great APIs for developers to write cmdlets and providers• Microsoft Exchange made a big bet on PowerShell• Shipped with Windows Server 2008

• PowerShell 2.0• Shipped with Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2• Remoting introduced: 1:1, Fan-out, Fan-in, Implicit remoting• Introduced ISE: Syntax coloring, Graphical debugging, Intl. support• Introduced Modules: Self containing packaging mechanism• IT Pros can create PowerShell cmdlets using PowerShell script• Huge feature set: • Background Jobs, Restricted Sessions, Transactions, Out-GridView, Eventing

The Journey

Windows PowerShell 3.0 Features Windows PowerShell Workflow.NET Framework 4 supportAdd-Member improvementsComputer cmdletsCSV handling improvementsGet-ChildItem attributesGet-Command improvementsGet-Content -TailBetter history supportSecurity cmdlet fixesSelect-Object optimizationsSelect-String improvementsTee-Object -AppendDisconnected sessionsIdle timeout & server buffering controlInvoke-Command in disconnected sessionsDisconnected jobsSTA mode by defaultRun with PowerShell context menuUpdated console font & brandingConsole host start perf improvementsETW logging and tracingScheduled jobsNew Group Policy settingsOutput redirection for all streamsDynamic types & formatsWord wrapDefault properties on custom objects

Updatable help systemMethod overload discoveryHelpUri attribute supportHelpFile property on FunctionInfoSimplified Where and ForEachRemoting local variables via $usingArray syntax for scalarsNew parser built on DLRCustom parameter value defaultsGeneric method invocationTypecasting deserialized objectsImproved method overload selectionNew objects from hash tablesOrdered hash tablesTypecasting for parameter valuesPipeline paging APIsNested pipeline APIs$PSScriptRoot and $PSCommandPathImproved module discovery & importNew module manifest keysPublic abstract syntax treeRunspace pool cleanup APIPublic tab completionWindows RT API supportObsolete cmdlet attributeVerb & noun on FunctionInfoWeb & REST cmdletsJSON cmdlets

CIM cmdlet authoring from WMI v2CIM .NET APIsCore CIM cmdletsRuntime script compilationEngine reliability improvementsBetter Get-ChildItem network perfCmdlet definition filesCertificate provider improvementsCredentials for FileSystem providerAlternate NTFS data stream supportMove-Item across drivesRemote module discovery & importRemote session autodisconnect & retryTransport options for remote sessionsModule loggingRunAs and SharedHost supportJob integration with Task SchedulerAlternate credential support for jobsModule autoloadingCommand discovery improvementsSpecial character handlingLiteralPath support for core cmdletsImproved tab completionSession configuration filesIntellisenseWindows Management Framework 3.0WinPE supportWindows RT support

Windows PowerShell Web AccessXAML-based workflowsScript-based workflowsControl Panel cmdletsUnblock-File cmdletWorkflow helpCmdlet to activity conversionWorkflow persistenceImproved WMI object formattingHeterogeneous object formattingWorkflow loggingWorkflow extensibilityCommon workflow parametersWorkflow execution environmentWindows PowerShell Web ServicesSnippetsISE Add-onsIntelliSense supportShow-CommandGet-Help -ShowWindowRestart Manager supportScript autosave supportOut-GridView -PassThruXML syntax highlightingBlock selectCollapsible regionsContextual F1 supportScript Explorer

PowerShell Workflow

Scheduled Jobs

Array Syntax

Enhanced ISE

Delegated Admin

Remoting

CEC / CIM Results

Windows PowerShell 3.0 Themes

Simple & Easy v3.0 -gt v2.0

Robust & Scalable

Comprehensive Coverage

Standards-based

• CEC: Common Engineering Criteria

• What: All Microsoft server products are required to comply with a set of engineering requirements as part of the CEC

• Goal: Reduce the overall total cost of ownership through improved integration, manageability, security, reliability, and other critical infrastructure

• Requirement: All management surfaces must be exposed via PowerShell cmdlets or providers

• Result: COVERAGE

Management CEC

Rough Coverage Comparison

Windows Server 2012Core cmdlets: 305Total cmdlets: 2300Modules: 239

Windows Server 2008 R2Core cmdlets: 249

Total cmdlets: 456

Modules: 10

CIM Based CmdletsLeverage WMI Investment

Write a WMI v2 provider

Write a Cmdlet Definition File (.cdxml)

Get PowerShell cmdlets with a low cost of entry

BenefitsNo dependency on .NET FrameworkIdeal for low level components (file system, networking)Remoting over CIM using WSMan and CimSessions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<PowerShellMetadata xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/cmdlets-over-objects/2009/11">

<Class ClassName="ROOT/StandardCimv2/MSFT_NetAdapter" ClassVersion="1.0.0">

<Version>1.0</Version>

<DefaultNoun>NetAdapter</DefaultNoun>

<InstanceCmdlets>

<GetCmdletParameters DefaultCmdletParameterSet="ByName">

<QueryableProperties>

<Property PropertyName="Name">

<Type PSType ="string"/>

<RegularQuery AllowGlobbing="true">

<CmdletParameterMetadata PSName="Name" Position="0" CmdletParameterSets="ByName" />

</RegularQuery>

</Property>

...

New Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell 3.0Thousands more in Windows Server 2012Jobs• Add-JobTrigger• Disable-JobTrigger• Enable-JobTrigger• Get-JobTrigger• New-JobTrigger• Remove-JobTrigger• Set-JobTrigger• Disable-ScheduledJob• Enable-ScheduledJob• Get-ScheduledJob• Register-ScheduledJob• Set-ScheduledJob• Unregister-ScheduledJob• Get-ScheduledJobOption• New-ScheduledJobOption• Set-ScheduledJobOption

ISE• Get-IseSnippet• Import-IseSnippet• New-IseSnippet

CIM• Get-CimAssociatedInstance• Get-CimClass• Get-CimInstance• Get-CimSession• Invoke-CimMethod• New-CimInstance• New-CimSession• New-CimSessionOption• Register-CimIndicationEvent• Remove-CimInstance• Remove-CimSession• Set-CimInstance

Remoting• Connect-PSSession• Disconnect-PSSession• Receive-PSSession• New-

PSSessionConfigurationFile• Test-PSSessionConfigurationFile• New-PSTransportOption

Workflow• New-PSWorkflowExecutionOption• New-PSWorkflowSession• Invoke-AsWorkflow• Resume-Job• Suspend-Job

Web• ConvertFrom-Json• ConvertTo-Json• Invoke-RestMethod• Invoke-WebRequest

Other• New-WinEvent• Unblock-File• Show-Command• Rename-Computer• Save-Help• Update-Help• Get-TypeData• Remove-TypeData• Get-ControlPanelItem• Show-ControlPanelItem

Available Everywhere• Windows 8, Windows RT, & Windows Server 2012 Full

Server• PowerShell Remoting enabled by default on server SKUs

• Server Core• With or without Server Graphical Shell or Graphical Management

Tools• CIM modules remotable without PowerShell or .NET Framework

installed

• Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) 4.0• Non-Windows Platforms Via NanoWEBM / OMI• Windows Management Framework 3.0• Windows Server 2008 / Windows 7 / Windows Server 2008 R2

(+Server Core)

• Windows PowerShell Web Access• Access to PowerShell via web browser interface• Cross-platform support (IE, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Chrome)

Windows PowerShell ISEIntegrated Scripting Environment

• IntelliSense• Snippets• Add-on Tools• Show-Command pane• Regions• F1 Help window• Rich copy & block select• Single pane I/O• AutoSave support• XML syntax highlighting• Debugger enhancements• Recent items list

IntelliSense

Simple & Easy for New Users

Windows PowerShell ISE• IntelliSense• Tab completion• Editor

enhancements• Autosave support• Snippets

Command Discovery• Get-Command

discovery cache• Automatic module

importing• Show-Command• Run with

PowerShell

Help System Improvements• Updatable help• Contextual F1• Get-Help ˗ShowWindow

• Word wrap in help output

Syntax & Language• Simplified Where

& ForEach• $PSItem alias for

$_• Array syntax for

singletons• Get-ChildItem

Simple & Easy for Existing Users

ETS

Ordered hash tablesNew objects fromhash tablesAdd-Member improvementsDefault properties oncustom objects

Types & Formats

Dynamic types & formatsTypecasting deserialized objectsTypecasting parameter valuesHeterogeneous object formatting

Cmdlets

Custom parametervalue defaultsSelect-String improvementsSpecial character handlingLiteralPath support forcore cmdlets

ISE

XML syntax highlightingCommand + output insingle paneOut-GridView -PassThruRestart Manager support

PowerShell WorkflowMulti-machine orchestration engine built on Windows Workflow Foundation and .NET 4.0• Launch-able from command-line or SC Orchestrator• Reliably execute long-running management tasks

across multiple machines or IT processes• Robust: Able to suspend & resume individual workflows, survive machine

reboots• Performant: Connection pooling, workflow throttling, and shared hosting• Scalable: Execute multiple tasks in parallel, common parameters for multi-

machine• Reliable: Automatic connection and action retry with configurable intervals• Familiar: Author workflows as PowerShell scripts or using XAML, manage as

PSJobs

Scheduled Jobs• Job Scheduling allows you to schedule the

execution of a PowerShell background jobSupport for a rich set of triggers

Once at a specific date & timeDaily, weekly, or custom interval (day, week, month)With a specific repetition duration or intervalAt log on, at startup, or with a random delayUnder a different user account

New PSScheduledJob module with 16 cmdlets*-JobTrigger to create scheduled triggers*-ScheduledJob to register, unregister, and change scheduled job definitions*-ScheduledJobOption to configure advanced settings*-Job to retrieve results from scheduled, workflow, and background jobs

Simple & Easy Delegated Administration• Session Configuration Files

• Easy remote endpoint creation• Uses .psd1 PowerShell data files• Declarative name-value pairs• No scripting required

• RunAs• New settings within WSMan plug-in• RunAsUser & RunAsPassword• Allows running remote sessions with different creds

• SharedHost• Normally each session runs in a separate process• Allows multiple remote sessions to run in same process

PowerShell DSCThe “End Game”This technology was the “final destination” in the “Monad Manifesto.” That’s the document written by Windows PowerShell inventory Jeffrey Snover, wherein he described his vision for changing administration in a Microsoft environment.

In some respects, DSC eliminates the need for some administrators to even learn Windows PowerShell. It’s that important.

In the future, expect DSC to be the primary administrative interface for Microsoft products and services.

DSC Architectural Overview

Calls

MOF onTarget Node

DSC Resourcesspecialized

Windows PowerShell modulesPu

shed

Compiled

Configuration ScriptMyConfig.ps1

MOFSERVER2.mof

Authoring Deployment

Two Deployment ModesPushUse Start-DscConfiguration to copy MOF to target node(s). Node(s) evaluate configuration immediately and again every 15 minutes (by default). Manual process. Non-core DSC resources must be manually deployed to nodes.

PullUse push mode to enroll target node(s), configuring them with their pull server information. Target node(s) check the pull server every 30 minutes (default) and re-apply configuration. MOF files must be copied to pull server, and must be accompanies by a checksum file.DSC resources must be ZIPped and placed on pull server. Nodes will copy down any resources they are missing.

Service Management Automation

• Process automation tool• Built on foundation of PowerShell Workflows• Native Integration with Windows Azure Pack• Feature of System Center Orchestrator• Unit of automation = Runbook• Runbook written with PowerShell Workflow• Globally available assets• HA and Scalable infrastructure