- how does the ocean affect the weather?. - water, gases, and energy are exchanged between the ocean...
TRANSCRIPT
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- How does the Ocean Affect the Weather?
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- Water, gases, and energy are exchanged between the ocean and atmosphere
- Moderates the surface temperatures of the ocean
- Shapes the Earth’s weather and climate- Generates most of the ocean’s waves
This Exchange:
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-WEATHER is the state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time - CLIMATE is the long-term (30 year) average of weather in an area
- Both weather and climate are affected by the ocean
- Lets see some examples of how the ocean influences our weather
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Ever Notice???
Our weather here is different than the weather inland?
Ocean’s effect on local weather
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WINTER
Water is warmer than land during winter. The ocean warms the cities right along the coast.
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SUMMER
Water is cooler than the land during summer. Now the oceans cools the coastal cities.
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Why is there almost always a breeze at the beach?
- The land and water heat at different rates
- Land heats and cools faster than the water
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Cooler Ocean Warmer Land
Warmer temperatures cause air to riseOnshore Breeze
Cool air sinks to fill in the space
Afternoon Breezes are onshore
Clouds Form
Afternoon Showers
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Warmer Ocean Cooler Land
Warmer temperatures cause air to rise
Offshore Breeze
Cool air sinks to fill in the space
Evening Breezes are offshore
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- Great masses of warm, humid, rotating air
- Occur in tropical oceans
-Called “Hurricanes” in the North Atlantic
“Typhoons” in the Western Pacific
“Cyclones” in the Indian Ocean
“Wili-Wilis” near Australia
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- Hurricanes start out as Tropical Depressions (Low Pressure Zones) off the coast of Africa or in the Caribbean
- Next, when their wind speeds reach 40 mph they become Tropical Storms (and they get a name)
- They become Hurricanes once they reach a wind speed of 74mph
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Typical Hurricane Path is around the Atlantic’s high pressure cell
•Category One -- Winds 74-95 miles per hour •Category Two -- Winds 96-110 miles per hour •Category Three -- Winds 111-130 miles per hour •Category Four -- Winds 131-155 miles per hour •Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 miles per hour
Saffir-Simpson Scale
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Most hurricanes make landfall in the Southeast U.S. of Gulf States
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Names for Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones
2002
ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGustavHannaIsidoreJosephineKyleLiliMarcoNanaOmarPalomaReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred
2003
AnaBillClaudetteDannyErikaFabianGraceHenriIsabelJuanKateLarryMindyNicholasOdettePeterRoseSamTeresaVictorWanda
2004
Alex Bonnie Charley Danielle EarlFrancesGastonHermineIvan Jeanne Karl LisaMatthewNicole Otto PaulaRichardShary TomasVirginieWalter
2005ArleneBretCindyDennisEmilyFranklinGertHarveyIreneJoseKatrinaLeeMariaNateOpheliaPhilippeRitaStanTammyVinceWilma
2006AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirkLeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSandyTonyValerieWilliam
2007*AllisonBarryChantalDeanErinFelixGabrielleHumbertoIrisJerryKarenLorenzoMichelleNoelOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy
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A hurricane’s energy source is warm seawater (>80°F)