trait anxiety moderates visual pathway ... - [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Greater left and right amygdala
responses to P-direct and M-averted gaze fear, respectively.
C
A
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Correct!
Parvo (P) biased
Magno (M) biased Unbiased
Fearful or Neutral?
Ready!
200-400ms
Stimulus 1000 ms
Blank 1100-1300 ms
Feedback
++Ready!
Stimulus 500 ms
+What was emotion of the face?1) Neutral 2) Angry 3) Fearful 4) Couldn’t
recognize
Contrast was varied on each trial, depending on participant’s response. ++
Ready!
Single Trial
12 cycles
+Make the stimulus:1) Redder2) Greener3) Done
Stimulus 32 ms
Stimulus 32 ms
Pretest 1 Pretest 2B
Main experiment
• M and P pathways are geared towards processing
clear threat and ambiguous threat cues in facial
fear (reflexive vs. reflective processing),
respectively.
• Observers’ trait anxiety specifically modulates
these two major visual streams, both facilitating
processing of M-biased clear threat cues and
interfering with processing of P-biased ambiguous
threat cues.
•Trait anxiety also differentially modulates the left
and right amygdala reactivity to P-biased
ambiguous and M-biased clear threat cues,
respectively.
Trait anxiety moderates visual pathway contributions to the processing of clear versus ambiguous threatReginald B. Adams, Jr.1, Hee Yeon Im2,3, Noreen Ward2, Jasmine Boshyan2,3, Cody Cushing2, and Kestutis Kveraga2,3
References
Funding: NIH R01MH101194 to K.K. and R.B.A., Jr.
Conclusion
1. Adams, R. B., Jr., Franklin, R. G., Jr., Kveraga, K., Ambady, N., Kleck, R. E., Whalen, P. J., Hadjikhani, N. & Nelson, A. J. (2012). Amygdala responses to averted versus direct gaze fear vary as a function of presentation speed. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 568-577. 2. Ewbank, M. P., Fox, E., & Calder, A. J. (2010). The interaction between gaze and facial expression in the amygdala and extended amygdala is modulated by anxiety. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 56. 3. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
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www.#kveragalab.org# 1Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 3Department of Radiology, Harvard University
• 108 subjects (age: 18-70; mean = 37.05; SD = 14.7)
• Anxiety measurement: Spielberger State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory (STAI; 1983)
• Multi-echo fMRI: 1.5T, TR: 2.5s, TE: 34ms
• Customized, manual shimming
Method
• Understanding differential contributions of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways to processing facial threat cues.
• Understanding the moderating role of trait anxiety on neural responses to threat.
• Fear expressions combined with averted gaze clearly signal where threat resides. Fear expressions
coupled with direct gaze, however, are more ambiguous.
• Amygdalar responses have been found to be greater to clear threat when rapidly presented (300 ms)
and to ambiguous threat for more sustained presentations (1 s; Adams et al., 2012). Similar flips have
been reported as a function of anxiety (Ewbank et al., 2010).
Background
Research objectives M-biased
P-biased
Trait anxiety
Resp
ons
e tim
e (s
ec)
Direct-gaze fear
Behavioral results
Trait anxiety
Resp
ons
e tim
e (s
ec)
Averted-gaze fear
Faster RT with higher anxiety for M- and P-averted fear
Trait anxiety
Pro
po
rtio
n co
rrec
t
Averted-gaze fear
Better accuracy with anxiety for M-averted fear
Trait anxiety
Pro
po
rtio
n co
rrec
t
Direct-gaze fear
Accuracy decreased with anxiety for P-direct fear
✓ Direct-gaze fear ✓Ambiguous threat
e.g. “where is the source of threat?”
✓Averted-gaze fear ✓Clear threat
L RL
2.6 4P direct - P averted
M averted - M direct2.6 42.6 4
RL
2.6 4P direct - P averted
M averted - M direct2.6 4
P direct - P averted
M averted - M direct
• N = 108 • Covariates: age and anxiety
fMRI results: group analysis fMRI results: ROI analysis • Amygdala coordinates: x=±18, y=-2, y=16; Ewbank et al., (2010)
% s
igna
l cha
nge
Trait anxiety
% s
igna
l cha
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Trait anxiety
Averted-gaze fear
Direct-gaze fearTrait anxiety
% s
igna
l cha
nge
% s
igna
l cha
nge
Trait anxiety
Averted-gaze fear
Direct-gaze fear
Left amygdala Right amygdala Laterality effect (R-L)
High trait anxiety was associated with increased right amygdala for M-averted gaze fear and increased left
amygdala for P-direct gaze fear.
Trait anxiety
% s
igna
l cha
nge
% s
igna
l cha
nge
Trait anxiety
Rig
ht -L
eft
amyg
dal
aRi
ght
-Le
ft a
myg
dal
a
Averted-gaze fear
Direct-gaze fear
RH dominant
LH dominant
RH dominant
LH dominant
Magnitude of laterality effects for M-averted and P-direct gaze fear increased with higher trait anxiety.
L R