Hazardous Waste is only a small portion of the waste generated in the workplace, but by far the most harmful to the nature and the environment.

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Characteristic Hazardous Waste

A solid waste may also be classified as hazardous if it exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:

Ignitability Corrosivity Reactivity Toxicity Located in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations,

Section 261.20 thru 261.24 (The waste a listed hazardous waste

Mixture of solid waste

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ToxicityToxicity

Listed Hazardous Waste

Four Separate Lists

Non-specific Source Wastes - “F”

Specific Source Wastes - “K”

Commercial Chemical Products -“P” &

“U”

Located in Title 40, Code of Federal

Regulations, Section 261.30 thru 261.33

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Legislations on hazardous waste

RCRA ( Resource Conservation and Recovery Act )

CERCLA ( Comprehensive Environmental Response , Compensation , and Liability Act )

SARA ( Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act )

TSCA ( Toxic Substances Control Act)

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International hazardous waste conventions

Basel convention

Waigani convention

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Aim and objectives

The aim and objectives of this global convention are as flows:

To reduce Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes Subject to the Basel Convention to a minimum consistent with their environmentally sound management.

To dispose of the hazardous wastes and other wastes generated as close as possible to their source of generation.

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To minimize generation of hazardous wastes in terms of quantity and Hazardousness

To ensure strict control over movements of hazardous wastes across borders.

To prohibit shipments of hazardous wastes to countries lacking the legal, Administrative and technical capacity to manage and dispose of them in an environmental sound manner

To assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in the environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes that they generate.

Aim and objectives

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Elements of hazardous waste management

Waste minimization

Transportation to processing and/or disposal facilities

Treatment and processing to reduce or eliminate toxicity ,to reduce the volume , and to immobilize contaminates

Secure longe-term storage and disposal

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Waste

minimization

Source reduction at the point

of generation

Recycling both on-and-off-sit

Input materialchange

Technology changes

Product changes

Good housekeeping

practices

Material purification

Material substitution

Process change

Equipment change

Process automation

Product substitution

Product concentration

Management and personnel

practices

Waste stream segregation

Inventory control

Loss prevention

Recycling both on-and-off-site

Primary recycling Recovery or salvage Reprocessing Reuse Secondary materialsSecondary recycling Secondary reuse

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The EPA cradle-to-grave hazardous waste management system attempts to track hazardous waste from generation to ultimate disposal .

This procedure is designed to ensure that waste are direct to ,and actually reach , permitted disposal sites

Hazardous waste transportation

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Generator requirements

Obtaining and EPA ID number Proper handling of hazardous waste

before transport Establishing a manifest of

hazardous waste Recordkeeping and reporting

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Proper handling of hazardous waste before transport

Pretransport regulations Pretransport regulations are designed to ensure

safe transportation of a hazardous waste from original to ultimate disposal :

To minimization the environmental and safety impacts of accidental releases.

To facilitate control of any releases that may occur during transportation

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Proper handling of hazardous waste before transport

These regulations require : proper packaging Labeling , marking or placarding Waste accumulation A generator may accumulate hazardous waste on-

site for 90 days or less, provided the following requirements are met :

Proper storage Emergency plan Personnel training

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Transporters and carriers

Transporters and carriersHazardous materials transportation act

and other regulation Modes of transport :Trucks Rail Ship and Aircraft

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Hazardous waste treatment , storage , and deposal requirements

Owners and operators must : Conduct waste analyses before a starting

treatment ,storage or disposal Install security measures to prevent inadvertent entry

people or animal into active portions of the TSDF Conduct inspections Conduct training Properly manage ignitable reactive or incompatibles Comply with local standards

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Preparedness and prevention

Facilities must be equipped with:An internal communication or alarm

system Portable fire extinguishers Water at adequate volume and

pressure to supply water hoses

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Preparedness and prevention

Owners and operators of TSDs must make arrangements to :

Familiarize police , fire and emergency response teams

Designate primary and alternate emergency response teams

Familiarize local hospital with the properties of hazardous waste

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Hazardous waste treatment and disposal alternatives

Waste management option Source reduction Separation and volume reduction Exchange/sale as raw material Energy recovery Treatment Secure ultimate disposal ( landfill)

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Principal objective of hazardous waste treatment

• Toxicity reduction • Conversion to forms that can

subsequently be processed by other technology

• Total elimination ( complete destruction )• Volume reduction • Immobilization

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Treatment technologies used to process hazardous waste

• Biological methods

• Physicochemical processes

• Stabilization and solidification

• Thermal destruction

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Hazardous waste storage

• Containers

• Tanks

• Surface impoundments

• Waste piles

• Landfill

• Underground injection

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