functions: ◦ body movement ◦ pump blood throughout body ◦ move food through digestive system...
TRANSCRIPT
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THE MUSCLAR SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
◦ Body Movement◦ Pump Blood Throughout body◦ Move food through digestive system◦ Control air movement in and out of the lungs
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
CONTRACTION CONTRACTION: Shortening of a muscle.
EXTENSION: stretching of a muscle.
ANTAGONISTIC Muscles work in opposition, while one
contracts, the other extends. Antagonistic = work in opposition, muscles
do this, so one muscle would be the antagonistic muscle to another one.
Examples = bicep/triceps quadriceps/hamstrings
TYPES of MUSCLES SMOOTH MUSCLE: control movements of
internal organs.◦ Involuntary movements…work without conscious
control.◦ Intestines, bronchi of the lungs, the bladder.
TYPES of MUSCLES… SKELETAL MUSCLE: striped or striated
muscles attached to the bones that cause body movement.◦ Biceps, triceps.◦ Largest part of the body’s muscular system.◦ Voluntary movements, conscious control.◦ FLEXORS: muscles that close a joint.◦ EXTENSORS: muscles that open a joint.
TYPES of MUSCLES… CARDIAC MUSCLE: striated tissue that forms
the wall of the heart.◦ Involuntary muscle.◦ Heart contracts rhythmically about 100,000 times
a day.
CARE of the MUSCLE SYSTEM ATROPHY: waste away (“Use it or lose it”) MUSCLE TONE: the natural tension in the fibers of
a muscle.◦ Aerobic exercise, resistance training, balanced diet.◦ Older adults…prevent loss of mobility, balance, and risk
of falls.◦ The heart is a muscle that needs “training”…regular
exercise.◦ Stretching, warm-up, cool down.◦ As always safety.
PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCLE SORENESS: damage to the muscle
fibers themselves. Muscle biopsies taken on the day after hard exercise show bleeding and disruption of the z-band filaments that hold muscle fibers together as they slide over each other during a contraction.
PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: muscles become weak and easily fatigued.◦ Eye muscles…drooping eyelids and
double vision. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY:
inherited disorder characterized by a progressive wasting away of skeletal muscles.◦ No cure.
PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCLE STRAIN:
“pulled muscle”, tearing or stretching of muscles fibers as a result of suddenly pulling them to far.
PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM
BRUISE: discolored area under the skin caused by a leakage of blood after an injury.
After Femur fracture
PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM
TENDINITIS: the inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by overuse.
PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM
HERNIA: the protrusion of an organ of tissue through a weak area in the muscle.
Additional Information Cartilage = allows smooth movement at a
joint – connects the ribs and is a cushion between vertebrae.
Ligaments = connect bone to bone at a joint.
Tendons = a band of fiber that connects muscles to bones.
What are muscles made of?
Muscle tissue is◦ ¾ water◦ The remaining ¼ is
20% protein substances
5% nonprotein and mineral substances.
What is ATP?◦Adenosine Triphosphate is a
nonprotein chemical substance in muscle tissue. It is a source of immediate energy for muscle contraction.
What is Glycogen? - An organic compound in muscles.
Stored in cells and used as the body needs energy.