© farhan mir 2014 ims electronic commerce bba (hons) ( (innovative systems: ) e-governance,...

© Farhan Mir© Farhan Mir

20201414 IMSIMS

Electronic CommerceElectronic Commerce

BBA (Hons) BBA (Hons) ((Innovative Systems:E-Governance, E-Learning and C2C))

By: Farhan MirBy: Farhan Mir


20201414 IMSIMS

E-Government: An E-Government: An OverviewOverview

Scope and Definitionse-governmente-government

The use of IT and e-commerce to The use of IT and e-commerce to provide access to government provide access to government information and delivery of public information and delivery of public services to citizens and business services to citizens and business partnerspartners

government-to-citizens (G2C)government-to-citizens (G2C)

E-government category that includes all E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government the interactions between a government and its citizensand its citizens


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Government to CitizensElectronic VotingElectronic Voting

bioelectronic votingbioelectronic votingVoting Voting process process that involves many steps that involves many steps ranging from registering, preparing, voting, ranging from registering, preparing, voting, and counting (voting and counting all done and counting (voting and counting all done electronically)electronically)

NetizenNetizenA citizen surfing the InternetA citizen surfing the Internet

Electronic Benefits TransferElectronic Benefits Transfer


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E-Government: An E-Government: An OverviewOverviewGovernment-to-Business

government-to-business (G2B)government-to-business (G2B)

E-government category that includes E-government category that includes interactions between governments and interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling services and businesses selling products and services to government)products and services to government)

Government E-ProcurementGovernment E-Procurement Group PurchasingGroup Purchasing Forward E-AuctionsForward E-Auctions Tax Collection and ManagementTax Collection and Management


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Government-to-BusinessGovernment e-procurementGovernment e-procurement

Group purchasingGroup purchasing

Forward e-auctionsForward e-auctions

Tax collection and managementTax collection and management


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government-to-government (G2G)government-to-government (G2G)

E-government category that includes E-government category that includes activities within government units and activities within government units and those between governmentsthose between governments

government-to-employees (G2E)government-to-employees (G2E)

E-government category that includes E-government category that includes activities and services between activities and services between government units and their employeesgovernment units and their employees


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E-Government: An E-Government: An OverviewOverviewGovernment-to-employees and

internal efficiency and effectivenessInternal Efficiency and EffectivenessInternal Efficiency and Effectiveness

E-payrollE-records managementE-trainingEnterprise case managementIntegrated acquisitionIntegrated human resourcesRecruitment one-stop


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Implementing E-Implementing E-GovernmentGovernment

The Transformation to E-Government

Stage 1: Information Stage 1: Information publishing/disseminationpublishing/dissemination

Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions with one department at a timewith one department at a time

Stage 3: Multipurpose portalsStage 3: Multipurpose portals

Stage 4:Portal personalizationStage 4:Portal personalization

Stage 5: Clustering of common servicesStage 5: Clustering of common services

Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise transformation.transformation.


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Exhibit 8.2 The Stages of E-Exhibit 8.2 The Stages of E-GovernmentGovernment


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Implementing E-Implementing E-GovernmentGovernment

Implementation Issues of E-Government

Transformation speedTransformation speed

G2B implementationG2B implementation

Security and privacy issuesSecurity and privacy issues

Wireless applicationsWireless applications

Citizen Adoption of E-Government

Non-Internet E-Government


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Exhibit 8.3 E-Government AdoptionExhibit 8.3 E-Government Adoption


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Online Publishing, Online Publishing, E-Books, and BloggingE-Books, and Blogging

online publishing

The electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet

e-zines

Electronic magazine or newsletter delivered over the Internet via e-mail


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Online Publishing Approaches and Methods

Online-archive approachOnline-archive approach

New-medium approachNew-medium approach

Publishing-intermediation approachPublishing-intermediation approach

Dynamic approachDynamic approach

Content providers and distributorsContent providers and distributors

Publishing of music, videos, games, and Publishing of music, videos, games, and entertainmententertainment


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Online Publishing Approaches and Methods

WebcastingLive shows broadcast on the Web

WebinarsSeminars on the Web (Web-based seminars)


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Electronic Bookse-booke-book

A book in digital form that can be read A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special on a computer screen or on a special devicedevice

E-books can be delivered and read via:E-books can be delivered and read via:Web accessWeb downloadA dedicated readerA general-purpose readerA Web server


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Electronic BooksTypes of E-BooksTypes of E-Books

Traditional book formatOnline bookshelfThe downloadThe Rubics-cube hyperlink bookThe interactive, build-your-own (BYO) decision book


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Advantages of E-BooksTo readers To readers

Portability Easy search capabilities and links Easy downloadingThe ability to quickly and inexpensively copy material, including figures Easy integration of content with other text


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Advantages of E-BooksTo publishers To publishers

Lower production, marketing, and delivery costsLower updating and reproduction costsAbility to reach many readersEase of combining several books so professors can customize textbooks by using materialsLower advertising costs


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Limitations of E-BooksRequire hardware and software that Require hardware and software that may be too expensive for some readersmay be too expensive for some readers

Some people have difficulty reading Some people have difficulty reading large amounts of material on a screenlarge amounts of material on a screen

Batteries may run downBatteries may run down

Multiple and competing standardsMultiple and competing standards

Only a few books are available as e-Only a few books are available as e-booksbooks


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Electronic BooksE-Book IssuesE-Book Issues

How to protect the publisher’s/author’s copyrightHow to secure content (e.g., use encryption, employ Digital Rights ManagementHow to distribute and sell e-booksHow much to charge for an e-book versus a hard copy, and how to collect payment for e-booksHow to best support navigation in an e-book


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Which standards to use How to increase reading speed. On the average screen, reading is 25% slower than hard-copy readingHow to transform readers from hard-copy books to e-books; how to deal with resistance to changeHow to design an e-book (e.g., how to deal with fonts, typefaces, colors, etc., online)How publishers can justify e-books in terms of profit and market share


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Print-on-Demand Process1.1. A publisher creates a digital master, typically A publisher creates a digital master, typically

in Adobe Systems’ Acrobat format, and sends in Adobe Systems’ Acrobat format, and sends it to a specialized print-on-demand company. it to a specialized print-on-demand company. The files are stored on the printing company’s The files are stored on the printing company’s networknetwork

2.2. When an order is placed, a print-on-demand When an order is placed, a print-on-demand machine prints out the text of the document machine prints out the text of the document or book and then covers, binds, and trims it. or book and then covers, binds, and trims it. The entire process can take about a minute The entire process can take about a minute for a 300-page bookfor a 300-page book

3.3. The books are packaged and shipped to the The books are packaged and shipped to the publisher or the consumerpublisher or the consumer


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Blogging (Weblogging)Weblogging/bloggingWeblogging/blogging

Technology for personal publishing on Technology for personal publishing on the Internetthe Internet

blogblog

A personal Web site that is open to the A personal Web site that is open to the public to read and to interact with public to read and to interact with others using the blog; dedicated to others using the blog; dedicated to specific topics or issuesspecific topics or issues

wikiLog (wikiblog)wikiLog (wikiblog)

A blog that allows everyone to A blog that allows everyone to participate as a peer; any one may add, participate as a peer; any one may add, delete, or change contentdelete, or change content


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E-LearningE-Learning

The Basics of E-Learning

e-learninge-learning

The online delivery of information for The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or purposes of education, training, or knowledge managementknowledge management


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Benefits and Drawbacks of E-Learning

Benefits of e-LearningBenefits of e-LearningTime reductionLarge volume and diversityCost reductionHigher content retentionFlexibilityUpdated and consistent materialFear-free environment


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Exhibit 8.4 The Effects of E-Commerce Exhibit 8.4 The Effects of E-Commerce Forces in Education Forces in Education


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Drawbacks and Challenges of E-Drawbacks and Challenges of E-LearningLearning

Need for instructor retrainingEquipment needs and support servicesLack of face-to-face interaction and campus life.AssessmentMaintenance and updatingProtection of intellectual propertyComputer literacyStudent retention


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Preventing E-Learning Failures

distance learningdistance learning

Formal education that takes place off Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, campus, usually, but not always, through online resourcesthrough online resources

virtual universityvirtual university

An online university from which An online university from which students take classes from home or students take classes from home or other off-site locations, usually via the other off-site locations, usually via the InternetInternet


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Online Corporate TrainingThe Drivers of e-TrainingThe Drivers of e-Training

Technological changeCompetition and cost pressuresGlobalizationContinual learningNetwork connectivity


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Implementing E-Learning and E-Training in Learning Centers

edutainment The combination of education and The combination of education and entertainment, often through gamesentertainment, often through games

E-Learning ToolsWebCTWebCT

BlackBoardBlackBoard

OthersOthers


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Knowledge Management Knowledge Management and E-Commerceand E-Commerce

knowledge management (KM)The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, interpreting it, and using it whenever necessary

organizational knowledge baseThe repository for an enterprise’s accumulated knowledge


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KM Types and Activities

Organizational knowledge is embedded Organizational knowledge is embedded in these resources:in these resources:

1. human capital2. structured capital (organizational

capital)3. customer capital

Knowledge SharingKnowledge SharingHow is Knowledge Management Related to E-Commerce?

To better perform its EC tasks, organizations need To better perform its EC tasks, organizations need knowledge, which is provided by KMknowledge, which is provided by KM


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Knowledge Portals

knowledge portalknowledge portal

A single point of access software A single point of access software system intended to provide timely system intended to provide timely access to information and to support access to information and to support communities of knowledge workerscommunities of knowledge workers

information intelligenceinformation intelligence

Information, data, knowledge, and Information, data, knowledge, and semantic infrastructure that enable semantic infrastructure that enable organizations to create more business organizations to create more business applicationsapplications


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Online Advice and ConsultingMedical adviceMedical advice

Management consultingManagement consulting

Legal adviceLegal advice

GurusGurus

Financial adviceFinancial advice

Other advisory servicesOther advisory services


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Expert Advice Within Organizationsexpert location systemsexpert location systems

Interactive computerized systems that Interactive computerized systems that help employees find and connect with help employees find and connect with colleagues who have expertise required colleagues who have expertise required for specific problems—whether they are for specific problems—whether they are across the country or across the room—across the country or across the room—in order to solve specific, critical in order to solve specific, critical business problems in secondsbusiness problems in seconds


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Exhibit 8.6 How Expert Location Systems Exhibit 8.6 How Expert Location Systems (Save) Work(Save) Work


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Customer-to-Customer E-CommerceCustomer-to-Customer E-Commerce

customer-to-customer (C2C)E-commerce in which both the buyer E-commerce in which both the buyer and the seller are individuals, not and the seller are individuals, not businesses; involves activities such as businesses; involves activities such as auctions and classified adsauctions and classified ads


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Customer-to-Customer E-CommerceCustomer-to-Customer E-Commerce

C2C Auctions

Classified Ads

Personal Services

C2C Exchanges

Selling Virtual Properties

Support Services for C2C


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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Peer-to-Peer Networks and ApplicationsApplications

peer-to-peer (P2P)

A network architecture in which workstations (or PCs) share data and processing with each other directly rather than through a central server


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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Peer-to-Peer Networks and ApplicationsApplicationsCharacteristics of P2P Systems

Provide real-time access to other users Provide real-time access to other users through techniques such as instant through techniques such as instant messaging and multichannel messaging and multichannel collaboration applicationscollaboration applications

User computers can act as both clients User computers can act as both clients and serversand servers

Maximize the use of physical attributes Maximize the use of physical attributes such as processor cycles, storage such as processor cycles, storage space, bandwidth, and location on the space, bandwidth, and location on the networknetwork

Employ user interfaces that load Employ user interfaces that load outside of a Web browseroutside of a Web browser


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Models of P2P ApplicationsCollaborationCollaboration

Content distributionContent distribution

Business process automationBusiness process automation

Distributed searchDistributed search


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Exhibit 8.7 Peer-To-Peer Exhibit 8.7 Peer-To-Peer NetworksNetworks


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C2C P2P ApplicationsNapster—the File-sharing utilityNapster—the File-sharing utility

Other File-Sharing ProgramsOther File-Sharing ProgramsGnutellaKazaa

Other Commercial P2P Applications in Other Commercial P2P Applications in C2CC2C

Users can sell digital goods directly from their computers rather than going through centralized servers


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Intrabusiness P2P ApplicationInternal collaborationInternal collaboration

B2B P2P ApplicationPeople can share information, but they People can share information, but they are not required to send it to an are not required to send it to an unknown server, as they do when using unknown server, as they do when using a regular exchangea regular exchange

B2C P2P ApplicationsMarketing Marketing

AdvertisingAdvertising

B2C paymentsB2C payments


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Managerial IssuesManagerial Issues

1. What are the e-government opportunities?

2. Are there e-learning and e-training opportunities?

3. Can we capitalize on C2C?

4. How well are we managing our knowledge?

5. Are there P2P applications?

© farhan mir 2014 ims electronic commerce bba (hons) ( (innovative systems: ) e-governance,...

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