© farhan mir 2012 ims mis bba (morn) & (eve) 6 th semester systems in the organizations...

© Farhan Mir© Farhan Mir

20201212 IMSIMS

MISMIS

BBA (Morn) & (Eve) 6BBA (Morn) & (Eve) 6thth SemesterSemesterSystems in the OrganizationsSystems in the Organizations(Systems from Functional (Systems from Functional Perspective)Perspective)From TPS to DSSFrom TPS to DSS

By: Farhan MirBy: Farhan Mir


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(Week 1)What are IS?(Week 1)What are IS?

“An organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminates information in the organization.” James O’Brien (1998).

IS theory is however extremely vast and various classification & definitions are available on MISIS Perspectives

Operational activitiesOperational activities

Management supportManagement support

KMKM

Networking and e-activitiesNetworking and e-activities


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Transformation of Transformation of OrganizationsOrganizations

Flattening (Need for Agility)Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches)Flexibility Location Independence (Globalization Pressures)Low Transaction CostEmpowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly)Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging)

Overall Performance (Effectiveness)Competitive Advantage


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Major Types of Systems

• Executive Support Systems (ESS)Executive Support Systems (ESS)

• Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)

• Management Information Systems Management Information Systems

(MIS)(MIS)

• Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

(KMS)(KMS)

• Office Automation Systems (OAS)Office Automation Systems (OAS)

• Transaction Processing Systems Transaction Processing Systems

(TPS)(TPS)


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Different Kinds of SystemsDifferent Kinds of Systems

Operational-Level SystemsSupport operational managers by Support operational managers by keeping track of elementary keeping track of elementary organizational activities and organizational activities and transactionstransactions

Systems answer routine questions and Systems answer routine questions and track the flow of transactions through track the flow of transactions through the organizationthe organization

i.e. – systems to record bank depositsi.e. – systems to record bank deposits

Or track the number of hrs worked each Or track the number of hrs worked each dayday


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Transaction Processing Transaction Processing SystemsSystems

Transactionprocessingsystem


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TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONSTYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONSExample in a University like usExample in a University like us

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:Admissions, grade records, course records

MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:Registration system, student transcript system, curriculum class control system


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Another ExampleAnother Example(A Payroll System)(A Payroll System)

Hoursworked

Payrate

Payrolltransactionprocessing

Payrollchecks


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A Symbolic Representation for a Payroll A Symbolic Representation for a Payroll TPSTPS


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What happens to TPS What happens to TPS data?data?

Managers need sophisticated reports to help them understand and analyze data.

created by a management information systemcreated by a management information system

Management information system can be a synonym for the term “information system” or refer to a type of information system.

characterized by production of routine reports characterized by production of routine reports that managers use for structured and routine that managers use for structured and routine taskstasks


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MISMIS

MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters

MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems were written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers.

Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).


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MIS (The Central Systems)MIS (The Central Systems)

Commondatabases

Marketingmanagementinformation

system

FinancialmanagementInformation

system

ManufacturingmanagementInformation

system

Ordermanagementinformation

system

TPS


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Office AutomationOffice Automation

An office automation system “automates” or computerizes, routine office tasks.

word processing softwareword processing software

spreadsheet softwarespreadsheet software

scheduling softwarescheduling software

e-mail softwaree-mail software


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Can decisions be Can decisions be automated?automated?

Information systems do not make decisions. The manager analyzes the data and reaches a decision.An expert system, sometimes referred to as a “knowledge-based system”, is a computer system designed to analyze data and produce a recommendation or decision.

uses a set of facts or rulesuses a set of facts or rules


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A Model of ESSA Model of ESS


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Why Information Why Information SystemsSystems

Institute of Institute of Management SciencesManagement Sciences(A Mini Case)(A Mini Case)


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Institute of Management Institute of Management SciencesSciences

Current status is thatNumber of Courses (Degrees) IncreasingNumber of Courses (Degrees) Increasing

Number of Students & Staff logically Number of Students & Staff logically increasing tooincreasing too

Number of Admissions increasingNumber of Admissions increasing

Number of Exams and Results IncreasingNumber of Exams and Results Increasing

Other Pressures!!HECS looking for standardization (Course Curriculums, HECS looking for standardization (Course Curriculums, Course Plans, Monitoring, Research at University Course Plans, Monitoring, Research at University (resources for researchers)(resources for researchers)

Public want informationPublic want information

Key Stakeholders (Administration, Employees, Instructors Key Stakeholders (Administration, Employees, Instructors and students) need convenienceand students) need convenience


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Institute of Management Institute of Management SciencesSciences

All major processes are information based

Clear need for systematic approach (Here comes the role of Information Systems)And we are on our way towards that (Admission system, Exam system, Monitoring system, Website)


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Transformation of Transformation of OrganizationsOrganizations

Flattening (Need for Agility)Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches)Flexibility Location Independence (Globalization Pressures)Low Transaction CostEmpowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly)Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging)

Overall Performance (Effectiveness)Competitive Advantage


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IS can be classified by the specific organizational function they serve as well as by organizational level as follows:

• Sales and marketing systems• Manufacturing and production

systems• Finance and accounting systems• Human resources systems

Systems from a Functional Perspective


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Typical Applications - MIS with Typical Applications - MIS with TPSTPS


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An Inventory SystemAn Inventory System


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Examples of Finance & Examples of Finance & Accounting ISAccounting IS


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Examples of Human Examples of Human Resources ISResources IS


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An Employee Record Keeping An Employee Record Keeping SystemSystem


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THE ORGANIZATIONTHE ORGANIZATION

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENTINFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT

IT Infrastructure:IT Infrastructure:

HardwareHardware•SoftwareSoftware•Data Data •NetworksNetworks

Information System Specialists:Information System Specialists:

CIOCIOManagersManagersSystem AnalystsSystem AnalystsSystem DevelopersSystem DevelopersProgrammersProgrammersNetwork SpecialistsNetwork Specialists Database Database AdministratorAdministrator

Clerical (Operators)Clerical (Operators)


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IS PersonnelIS PersonnelOperators

Data EntryData Entry

Computer Operators (Hardware Specialists)Computer Operators (Hardware Specialists)

System AnalystsMost Crucial IS jobMost Crucial IS job

Whether you are developing In-house or using a Whether you are developing In-house or using a purchased application or Outsourcingpurchased application or Outsourcing

ProgrammersTechnical People (Technical construction of the Technical People (Technical construction of the IS)IS)

DevelopersDevelopers

Database Administrators

CIOOther roles are also coming in organizations (IS Security Officers, Information Policy Makers, Webmasters)


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IS PlanningIS PlanningTechnology

New/Hottest Technology (Costly) orNew/Hottest Technology (Costly) or

Older/ Traditional Technology (Cheap) orOlder/ Traditional Technology (Cheap) or

Combination of both strategiesCombination of both strategies

ProfessionalsTraining Vs. HiringTraining Vs. Hiring

Cost the key issue Cost the key issue

Issues & RecommendationsReliability in traditional technologies Vs. Reliability in traditional technologies Vs. benefits with new ones (New cycles of training benefits with new ones (New cycles of training & updation required to keep up with pace and & updation required to keep up with pace and to avoid failures associated with new to avoid failures associated with new technologies)technologies)

In-depth Analysis the way to avoid failuresIn-depth Analysis the way to avoid failures

Project Management a systematic wayProject Management a systematic way


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ReferencesReferences

Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 2 & 4

James O’Brien. (1998). “Introduction to Information Systems: A Networked Enterprise Perspective”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 10,12

Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon (2011). “Management Information Systems: Managing a Digital Firm”.(7th Ed). Chapter 3

Grover S. Kearns (1997). Alignment of Information

Systems Plans with Business Plans: (http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.97/papers/kearns.htm)

© farhan mir 2012 ims mis bba (morn) & (eve) 6 th semester systems in the organizations...

Documents

mis systems

type of information

term information system

computer systems

information technology

registration system

usmajor functions of

tps data