® essential infrastructures for gi/gis: toward general information infrastructures henry tom oracle...

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Essential Infrastructures for GI/GIS: Toward General Information Infrastructures

Henry TomOracle Corporation

Ulrich BoesDGXIII

European Commission

5th European Commission GIS Workshop5th European Commission GIS WorkshopJune 30, 1999 Stresa, ItalyJune 30, 1999 Stresa, Italy

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Presentation Outline

Spatial Data Infrastructures• National Infrastructures• Regional Infrastructures• Global Infrastructures

Standards Infrastructures

General Information Infrastructures

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The Information Infrastructure

Telemedicine Teleeducation Teleworking Teleadministration Telelibrary …………..

File Transfer E-Mail Data base Access Interactive Video

Circuit Switching Mobile CommunicationsInternet

Map Database Database Library Database

Business Consumer Government

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• Information Systems to access Information

• Technology Push

– WWW / Internet / Intranet / Extranet

• Convergence

• Globalization

• Information Islands

• User Needs

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What do Users want?

• Employment

• Competitiveness

• Cooperation

• Efficiency and productivity

• Quality

• Low cost

• Transparency

• Access to relevant information by whoever is authorised

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Global Information NetworksRealising the Potential

Goals• Common understanding of the use of

the global information society

• International Dialogue

European Ministerial Conference, Bonn, July 1997

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Ministerial Declaration July 1997

• An opportunity for all

• Fostering economic growth: developing content and commerce

• A key role for the public sector

• Role of government: providing the framework and stimulating new services

• Build confidence

• Empowering the user

• Strengthening the international dimension

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Multi-Level Solutions

• Culture and Society

• Regulation and Jurisdiction

• Standards

• Economy

• Technology

Global Information Networks

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International and Consistent Legal Framework

• Tax harmonization

• Labor law

• Copyright

• Data protection

• Trade marks

• Consumer protection

• Authentication

• Harmful and illegal content

• and . . . . .

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Publishing

Telecomms

Broadcasting

WIPO

ITU

WTOSingle

Framework

Regulatory Convergence

• Interoperability• Security• Content …...

liberalisation

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Standardization

• Rapid market evolution, global competition

• Traditional consensus building process does not cope

with this pace

• Close cooperation between all actors necessary

• User needs prime importance

• Interoperability crucial

• EC is encouraging the new consensus building process

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Industrial Standardization

• The Open Group

• Object Management Group

• World-Wide-Web Consortium

• Open GIS Consortium

• Memorandum of Understanding on Open Access to Electronic Commerce

• Many others

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The World-Wide-Web Consortium

MIT LCS, INRIA, Keio University

• Architecture Domain - Foundation for the future of the Web

• User Interface Domain - enabling a rich variety of information

• Technology and Society Domain - Addressing the social, legal and public policy challenges

• Web Accessibility Initiative - Universality of the Web

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Green Paper on Public Sector Information

20 January 1999

• Public bodies - biggest single information content resource

• Public information should be made available on transparent and single terms

• Creation of a citizen’s Europe

• Electronic government

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Green Paper on Public Sector Information

• Opportunities for economic growth & employment

• Democratization

• European Integration

• Copyright

• Privacy

• Liability

• Pricing issue and Business model

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G-8 Pilot Projects

• Global Inventory Project ( GIP )

• Global Interoperability of Broadband Networks ( GIBN )

• Trans-cultural Education and Training for Language Learning ( Tel*Lingua )

• Electronic Libraries: Bibliotheca Universalis

• Multimedia Access to World Cultural Heritage

• Environment and Natural Resources Management ( ENRM )

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G-8 Pilot Projects

• Global Emergency Management Information Network Initiative ( GEMINI )

• Global Healthcare Applications ( GHAP )

• Government On-Line ( GOL )

• Global Marketplace for Small and Medium Enterprises ( SME )

• Maritime Information Society ( MARIS )

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Global Inventory Project (GIP)

FRANCE

UKITALY GERMANY

USA

CANADA

Developingcountries

JAPAN

STANDARDINDEX

MINIMUM DATA SET

PROVIDERS

CLIENTS

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Digital Earth Initiative

full range of data about our planet and our history at our fingertips

• Multi-resolution, 3D representation of the planet

• Human activity enabled by Geospatial Information

• Meta-system connecting existing systems into a coherent, interoperable whole

• Connecting to Digital Earth must be easy and inexpensive

• Enable commercial and public domain participation

• Leverage existing resources

• Use and contribute to standards

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Spatial Data Infrastructures• National Infrastructures• Regional Infrastructures• Global Infrastructures

Standards Infrastructures

Essential Infrastructures for GI/GIS

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InternetInternet Physical & Technical

General InformationGeneral Information NII & GII - access

GeographicGeographicInformationInformation

Ubiquitous componentof General Information

SDI’sSDI’sSpatial data assets

Access to data & applicationsAccess to data & applicationsSpecific & General

Stan

dard

s

TechnologyO

rganizational

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Characteristics

Growing user community for spatial data

Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )

Transition from maps to spatial databases

Coordinated approach for access to spatial data & technology

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Components

Data PolicyInstitutional FrameworkTechnologyStandards


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National ( NSDI )

Regional ( RSDI )

Global ( GSDI )

Levels


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Antartica Hungary Northern Ireland

Argentina India Norway

Australia Indonesia Pakistan

Canada Japan Poland

Colombia Kiribati Russian Federation

Cyprus Macau South Africa

Finland Malaysia Sweden

France Mexico United Kingdom

Germany Netherlands USA

Greece New Zealand

National Spatial Data Infrastructuresby Counrty

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Regional Spatial Data Infrastructures

European Geographic Information Infrastructure ( EGII )

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for the Americas

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Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

GSDI - 1September 4-6, 1996Bonn, Germany

GSDI - 2October 19-21, 1997Chapel Hill, NC USA

GSDI - 3November 16-18, 1998Canberra, Australia

GSDI - 4 March 9-10, 2000CapeTown, South Africa

GSDI - 5 March, 2001Bogota, Colombia

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United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferencefor Asia and the Pacific February 3-7, 1977 Bangkok, Thailand

United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferencefor the Americas, June 2-6, 1997, New York, NY

Strategic Direction -Spatial Data Infrastructures

form the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

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Global Mapping Coverages

Global Mapping Secretariat - Japan

GSDI Implementation

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GSDI Implementation

Internet

Virtual Database

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StandardsOrganization

StandardsScope

User / Industry Organizations

National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST)

Government Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Federal Geographic Data

Committee (FGDC)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)L1, GIS

NationalAm. Soc for Photo. & RS (ASPRS)National States Geographic Information Council ( NSGIC )

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

Regional

Digital Geographic Information Working Group ( DGIWG )European Umbrella Organization for Geographic Information ( EUROGI )Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International

International Cartographic Assoc. ( ICA )Int. Federation of Surveyors (FIG)Open GIS Consortium ( OGC )

Standards InfrastructuresGIS Standards Infrastructure

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Regional

National

Regional National

Global

GIS Standards / Spatial Data - Infrastructures

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Infrastructures - Relationships

Standards - a major componentof a spatial data infrastructure

Standards serve as integrators across each level and between these levels

Spatial DataInfrastructures

GIS StandardsInfrastructure

Both Infrastructures operate at national, regional, and global levels

Standards enable the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

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Conclusions

–More advanced than general information infrastructures

– Showcase for general information infrastructures

– True multi-media

– Truly international

Geographic Information Infrastructures

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– Technical integration of systems, needed by users

– International market offerings

– Collaboration between GI community and others ( networking )

– International programs ( Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific, developing countries )

Conclusions

Integration of spatial data infrastructures with general information infrastructures

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Conclusions

User-centred, human centred humane technology where today’s personal computer has disappeared into invisibility.

The change will not be easy. It requires a disruptive technology. This means hiring new kinds of people, changing the design (working) process, restructuring the company.

Donald A. Norman: The Invisible Computer, MIT, 1998

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Thank - you for your attention !

Ulrich BoesEuropean CommissionDGXIII ISAC1049 BrusselsBelgium+32 2 296 8145+32 2 296 8398 [email protected]

Questions ?

Henry TomOracle Corporation1910 Oracle Way MS 5049Reston, VA 20190USA+01 703 364 2358+01 703 318 6342 [email protected]

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