- l t r

f lUlt) Desiqnation: C 90 - 05

trt-7..-tryERuano!4

Standard Specification forLoadbearing Concrete Masonry Unitsl

This stanrlard is issued under the fixed rlesignation C 90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original

adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript

epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapp'oval'

ThLs standard has been approved for use b1t agencies o.f the l)epartment of Defense

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification covers hollow and solid (see 5.3 and

-5.4) concrete masonry units made from hydraulic cement,water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of

other materials. There are three classes of concrete masonry

units: (1) normal weight, (2) medium'weight, and (3) light-

weight. These units are suitable for both loadbearing and

nontadbearing applications. ' ":,rra:

1.2 Concrete masonry units covered by this specification are

made from lightweight or nonnal weight aggregates, or both.

1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes

which provide explanatory material' These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are for

information only.

Nore l-When particular features are desired such as surface texturesfor appearance or bond, finish, color, or penticular properties such asweight classification, higher compressive strength, fire resistance, thermalperformance or acoustical performance, these 1'eatures should be specifiedseparately by the purchaser. Local suppliers should be consulted as to theavailability of units having the desired features.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards: z

C 33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete

Masonry Units and Related UnitsC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-

crete Masonry Units

I This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on

Manuf'actured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Feb. l. 2005. Published April 2005. Originally

approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 90-03'2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM rvebsite, w*'w.astm'org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm org. For Ann'ual Book of ASTM

Stantlarul.s volume infonnation, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

*A Surnmary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard'

Copyright O ASTNI International, 100 Batr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1 9428-2959, United Slates.

C 426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Con-crete Masonry Units

C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined

Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture inConcrete

C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and Mortars

C ll57 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC l2?g Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-

lated UnitsC 1232 Terminology of MasonryC 1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry

PrismsE 519 Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Ma-

sonry AssemblagesE 72 Methods for Conducting Strength Tests of Panels fbr

Building Construction

3. Terminology

3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C 1209 and Ter-minology C 1232 shall apply for this specification.

4. Materials

4.1 Cementitious Materials-Materials shall confbrm to thefollowing applicable specifi cations:

4.7.1 Portland Cem.ent-Specification C 150.4.I.2 Modified Ponland Cement-Portland cement con-

forming to Specification C 150, modified as follows:(I) Limestone-If calcium carbonate is added to the

cement, the CaCO. content shall not be less than 85 Vc.(2) Limitation on Insohtble Resi.due-l .5 Vo.(3) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar-Yolume percent,

22Vo max.(4) Limitation on Loss on lgnition--:7 Vo.

4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic Cements-Specification C 595.4.1.4 Hydraulic Cement-Specification C 11-57.4.1.5 Pozzolans-Specification C 618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag Cement-Specification C 989.4.2 Aggregafes-Aggregates shall conform to the following

specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:

{$p ceo-054.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates-Specification C 33.4.2.2 Li ghmeight Ag gre gales-Specifi cation C 33 1.4.3 Other Constituents-Air-entraining agents, coloring

pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, andother constituents shall be previously established as suitable foruse in concrete masonry units and shall conform to applicableASTM standards or shall be shown by test or experience not tobe detrimental to the durability of the concrete masonry unitsor any material customarily used in masonry construction.

5. P hy s ic al Re quireme nt s Physical Reqrrirements

5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, units shallconform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table I andTable 2.

NorE 2-Higher cornpressive strengths than those listed in Table 2 maybe specified where required by design. Consult with local suppliers todetermine availability of units of higher compressive strength.

5.2 At the time of delivery to tlrq purchaser, the linearshrinkage of units shall not exceed 0.065 7o.

Norr 3-The purchaser is the public body or authority, uSro.iutio-iil"'o''corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agree-ment to purchase or instaLll, or both, concrete masonry units. The time ofdelivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or thepurchaser's agent transports the concrete masonry units, or at the timeunloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturer's agenttransports the concrete masonry units.

5.3 Hollovv Units:5.3.1 Face shell thickness (tt ) and web thickness (t-) shall

conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.

Noru 4-Web thickness (L) not conforming to the requirementsprescribed in Tablc I may be approved, provided equivalent structural

TABLE 1 Minimum Thickness of Face Shells and WebsWeb Thickness (t-)

capability has been established when tested in accordance with theapplicable provisions of Test Methods 872, C 1314, E 5i9, or otherapplicable tests and the appropriate design criteria developed is inaccordance with applicable building codes.

5.4 Solid Units:5.4.1 The net cross-sectional area of solid units in every

plane parallel to the bearing surface shall be not less than75 Voof the gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.

5.5 End Flanges:5.5.1 For units having end flanges, the thickness of each

flange shall not be less than the minimum face shell thickness.

Nore 5-Flanges beveled at the ends for mortarless head joint appli-cations that will be filled with grout are exempt from this requirement.Flanges which are specially shaped for mortarless head joint applicationswhich have been shown by testing or field experience to provideequivalent performance are exempt from this requirement.

6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions

6.1 Standard Units-For standard units, no overall dimen-sion (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than +Vs

in. (3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions.6.2 Partictilar Feqture Units-For perticular feature units,

dimensions shall be in accordance with the following:6.2.1 For molded face units, no overall dimension (width,

height, and length) shall differ by more than :Va in. (3.2 mm)from the specified standard dimension. Dimensions of moldedfeatures shall be within a%e in. (1.6 mm) of the specifiedstandard dimensions and shall be within + t/rc in. ( 1.6 mm) ofthe specified placement of the molded feature.

NorB 6-Molded features include. but are not limited to: r'ibs. scores,hex-shapes, and patterns.

6.2.2 For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensionsshall differ by not more than +Ve in. (3.2 mm) from thespecified standard dimensions. On faces that are split, overalldimension will vary. Consult with local suppliers to determineachievable dimensional tolerances.

6.2.3 For slump units, no overall height dimension shalldiffer by more than -+/s in. (3.2 mm) from the specifiedstandard dimension. On faces that are slumped, overall dimen-sions will vary. Consult with local suppliers to determineachievable dimensional tolerances.

7. Finish and Appearance

7.1 All units shall be sound urd free of cracks or otherdefects that interfere with the proper placement of the unit orsignificantly impair the strength or perrnanence of the construc-tion. Minor cracks, incidental to the usual method of manufac-ture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods ofhandling in shipment and delivery, are not grounds for rejec-tion.

1.2 Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction,the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted, or other imperfections whenviewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) underdiffused lighting.

7.2.1 Fle percent of a shipment containing chips, not largerthan 1 in. (25.4 mm) in any dimension, or cracks not wider than0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and not longer than 25 Vo of the nominalheight of the unit, is permitted.

*"uill,H"llff'" ftii*j** w?:fimn, n

Equivalent WebThickness, min,in./linear ft8'c(mm/linear m)

3 (76.2) and 4 (102)6 (152)8 {203)

10 (2s4)

12 (305) and greater

3/a (19)

1 (2s)D1V4 p2)D13la (35)D

11/+ (32)D'E

1V, (38)11/t (32)D'E

3/t (19)1 (25)1 (25)11/a (29)

1Ve (29\

1% (136)21/q (188)2% (188)21/e (209)

21/z (209)

AAverage of measurements on 3 units taken at the thinnest point whenmeasured as described in Test Methods C 140. When this standard is used for splitface units, nol more than 10 % of a split face shell area shall be less than shown,and the face shell thickness in this area shall be not less than % in. (19.'l mm).When the units are solid grouted the 10 o/. limit does not apply.

aAverage of measurements on 3 units taken at the thinnest point whenmeasured as described in Test Methods C 140. The minimum web thickness forunits with webs closer than 1 in. (25.4 mm) apart shall be3/+in. (19.1 mm).

c Sum of the measured thicknesses ot all webs in the unit, multiplied by 12 anddivided by the length of the unit. Equivalent web thickness does not apply to theportion of the unit to be filled with grout. The length of that portion shall be deductedfrom the overall length ol the unit for the calculation of the equivalent webthickness.

D For solid grouted masonry construction, minimum Jace shellthickness shall benot less than % in. (.16 mm).

EThis face shell thickness (t.) is applicable where allowable design load isreduced in proportion to the reduction in thickness from basic tace shell thick-nesses shown, except that allowable design loads on solid grouled units shall notbe reduced.

,fip ceo-05TABLE 2 Strength, Absorption, and Weight Classification Requirements

7.3 The color and texture of units shall be specified by thepurchaser. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in place

shall conform to an approved sample, consisting of not lessthan four units, representing the range of texture and colorpermitted.

7.4 A shipment shall not contain more than 5 7o of units,including broken units, that do not meet the requirements of6.1, 7.1, 7.2, and 7.2.1.

8. Sampling and Testing

8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at thE:+'place of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.

8.2 Sample and test units in accordance with Test Methodsc r40.

8.3 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests ofconcrete masonry units made with the same materials, concretemix design, manufacturing process, and curing method, con-ducted in accordance with Test Method C 126 and not more

than 24 months prior to delivery.

9. Compliance

9.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified require-ments, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove units

(1 680)

APPENDTXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

XI. WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE

Maximum Water

, Less Than 105 Medium Weight, 105 toLess than 125 (1680-2000) or more

from the shipment. A new sample shall be selected by thepurchaser from remaining units from the shipment with asimilar configuration and dimension and tested at the expenseof the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specifiedrequirements, the remaining ponion of the shipment repre-sented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If thesecond sample fails to meet the specified requirements, theremaining portion of the shipment represented by the samplefails to meet the specified requirements.

Nors 7-Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show thatthe units do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the costis typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show thar theunits conform to the specification requirements, the cost is typically borneby the purchaser.

10. Keywords

10.1 absorption; concrete masonry units; equivalent webthickness; face shell; flange; lightweight; linear shrinkage;loadbearing; medium weight; normal weight; webs

tbltt3ofG

Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength

- tnOiviOLrat l..tnit tzOO (tt.z) ZO (SZO) tz (ZzZ) tS (Z+O)

A Average oven-dry density, based on a set of three units, shall fall within ranges defined in the table to be classified as lightweight, medium weight, or normal weight.

X1.1 Exterior walls are often subjected to moisture pen-

etration from one or more sources. For example, basementwalls may be exposed to water from saturated soil. Above-grade exterior walls are usually exposed to wind-driven rain.To prevent water penetration, proper detailing, construction,

flashing, and drainage should be provided. Proper waterpenetration resistant treatments should be applied to the walls.While it is not within the scope of Specification C 90 to includeinformation on resistance to water penetration, such informa-tion and guidelines are available from other organizations.

X2. CRACKCONTROL

X2.L Restrained or differential movement in buildingelements and building materials can result in cracking. Somecommon causes of movement are: loads created by wind, soilpressure, seismic forces, or other external sources; settlementof foundations; or volume changes in materials. For example,volume changes in concrete masoffy units can be caused bymoisture gain and loss, thermal expansion and contraction, andcarbonation. To limit and control cracking due to these and

other causes, proper design, detailing, construction, and mate-rials are necessary. Specification C 90 provides a maximumlimitation on the total linear drying shrinkage potential of theunits, but it is not within the scope of this specification toaddress other design, detailing, construction, or material rec-ommendations. This type of information and related guidelinesfor crack control are available from other orsanizations.

,($fp ceo-os

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C 90 - 03)

that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Table ? was modified to define individual unit requirements (2) Footnote A in Table 2 was rewritten to define that weight

for water absorption. classifications shall be determined based on oven-dry density.

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This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprcved or withdrawn- Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shoutd be addressed to ASTM lnternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technica! committee, which you may aftend. If Wu feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,tJnited States. lndividual reprinti (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or seruice@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). . . ":'*-:'a'