. ·.'·.

St. ~ohn's,. U.P. Gray & Goodland~

Publishers.

1911 •

• 'l

me Wish all our Patrons f.I IDePry Chr'istmas.

ELLIS & Co. LTD. Grocers and Wine Merchants,

203 WATER STREET.

CHRISTMAS GROCERIES of every description. CHRISTMAS WINES and LIQUEURS of the best. CHRISTMAS CONFECTIONERY and CAKES. CHRISTMAS COSAQUES and BON-BONS.

Orders executed promptly and with dispatch . Telephone Nos. 482 and 786.

Opening of the New Cable route to

SOUTH AMERICA " Via Commercial-Azores-St. Vincent!'

ACCELERATED SERVICE.

Most direct Line to Pernambuco, Para, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Montevideo, Buenos Ayres, and other Places in South America [Jfif" All Cable Route Uruguay and Argentine.

To insure mes:>ages being sent by this sho..t route they MUST be filed at POSTAL TELEGRAPH OFFICES.

POSTAL TELEGRAPHS. lf£"Postal Telegraph Messag" Forms may be obtained at any post office

in Ult! Colony and from maD clerks on t r ains and steamers. If the sender rlesirts, the messagte may be left wi t h the Postmaster to be forwarded BY MAIL FREE OF POSTAGE to the nearest Postal Telegraph Office.

/til . All me~sages se11t to a Newfou ndland Postal Telegraph Office for despatch should be written on " Form 1 " and signed by the sender. T h e "greement at the foot of the me><sage should also be signed by the senrler.

NEWFOUNDLAND CABLE CONNECTION.

A submarine Cable h as been compkterl between Port-aux-Basqu es, >lewfouuclland, and Canso, Nova Scoba, lhere connecting with the Com­me•·cial Cable Company' s three cables to t h e United States; wi th the= Cana<lian Pacific Railway Tt:legraphs for all points in Canada, and with Five Atlantic Cablo:s to Europe. Connections are also made with t he VI.' est Inclia Cahle Co. and others. thereby enabling Cable 1\Iessages bei ng exchanged hy all Postal Teloeg r aph Offict:s in Newfonnclland with al l parts of tht: worlrl.

H. J. B. WOODS, Postmaster General.

0 Wholesale PROVISION Dealers.

Lowest Quotations furnished on all varieties of Barrelled PORK and BEEP.

Large Importers of Granulated, Cube and Soft SUGARS.

Also Kerosene Oil (casks and cases). Cattle Feed, Corn, Rolled Oats,

Peas, Leather, etc.

Agents for Libby's famous Canned Meats.

~~~~~~~

~ There may be s01ne as good, {tl WE DOUBT IT. I There are

I NON~ K~~!.TER, I I I I I

I I I

BROWNING'S BISCUITS & CRACKERS.

See that YOUR GROCER keeps them. ~ ~~~~~~~

General Post Office. POSTAGE RATES

To and FROM NE\VFOUNDLAND and the fol­lowing Countries,

EFFECTIVE FROM 1ST JANUARY , 1910.

To all places in Newfoundland : LETTE R S .......... . . . .. . ................ 2 cents per o u nce :KE W SPAPERS .......... 2 cents per lb. up to 5lb. ( the limit) P ARCELS .. . . up to 1 lb. ~ cent per oz. Over 1 lb. 3c. per lb.

To Dominion of Canada : LET TERS ... ... . . . ...................... 2 cents per ou nce N E \VSP APERS ......... . ....... . .. ... .... ~ cen t per ounce PARC ELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 12 cents per lb .

To the United States: L ETTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . 2 cents per ounce NE\ VSPAPERS ...................... . .. ~ cent per ounce P ARCELS ........................ . ....... 12 cents per lb.

To Great Britain : LETTE R S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 2 cents per ounce NEWSPAPERS .......... 2 cents per lb. up t o 5 lb. (the limit) PAR CELS, under 3 lbs. 24 cts . 0 \ 'er 3 lbs. & under 7 lbs. 48c.

Over 7 lbs. under 11 1bs ............. . .. _ .. 72 cents

To other Postal Union Countries : L E TTERS ... . .. 5c. per fi rst ounce. 3c. each additional ounce NE~'SP APERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ cent per ounce P ARCELS ...... - . . ... . ....... . .... (See page 38 Year Book)

H. J. B. WOODS, Postmaster General.

PH <EN IX Assurance Company, Ltd.

Established f 782. of LONDON.

The Phoenix Assurance Company

I Insures a ll descript ions of p r oper ty in Newfoundland , a n d offers the very best secu r ity. l'.1oder ate prem iums a n d prom pt settle­m ent of claims.

w. & G. RENDELL. ST. JOHN'S,

A gents fo r N ewfoundl a nd.

CHRISTMAS BELLS No. 20-PRICE, TEN CENTS. DECEMBER. 1911 CIRCULATION 5, 000

editorial notes.

miTH the present number CHRIST:\IAS BELLS attains its twentieth year of publication, and for the twentieth time we cordially extend to our readers the old. old wish, "A HAPPY CHRISTMAS AND A BRIGHT

AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR!"

Once again we have to thank our contributors for the kind assistance which they have given us, and also the patrons of our advertising columns for their liberal support. We regret that owing to pressure upon our space several interesting contri­butions, together with our ''Foreword'' have been crowded out.

Our illustrations this year are from photos supplied by the well-known artists, Messrs . J. C. Parsons, R. P. Holloway, and E. W. Lyon, which have been so admirably reproduced as to need no words of ours in their praise.

'' The Profile," or '' Old Man Rock,'' as it is sometimes called, is one of the many peculiar rock formations to be found around our coast. The general resemblance to a man's face will be readily seen.

'' Bay of Islands.' '-Our picture is one of the many pretty peeps at this now well-known beauty spot from along the rail­way line. Mount Moriah may be seen in the distance.

'' Boating Scene at Bay of Islands.''-Here we have a pretty nook in this magnificent bay. The scenery in the neighborhood is very beautiful, and every year sees larger numbers of visitors spending their holiday here.

The two pictures at the foot of the first page of our supple­ment give a glimpse of the handling of the second of our great industries-the Sealfisbery. The seals, after being landed from the steamer, are weighed, and our artist has caught this opera­tion very nicely. In the second picture the skinning of an old hood seal is shown. This is one of the hardest pelts the skinner bas to face, and he is best pleased when too many of them do not fall to his lot in the day's work.

The first illustration on page two shows ''how the iron ore is found at Bell Island.'' The ore is easily separable into cubes of various sizes, and a single blast brings down many tons in pieces ranging in size from that of a brick to those of the size of a lump of sugar.

'' A Lumber Mill at Bonne Bay.' '-This picture gives one a good idea of the style of saw mills which are dotted all around our Island.

'' The Toad Rock '' is another of those oddly formed rocks which are frequently to be found in Newfoundland by the man who keeps his eyes open. In our reproduction the resemblance to a toad or frog is not as striking as in the original photo.

"Grand River, Codroy," is perhaps one of the finest agricul­tural districts in our Island. Many cattle are kept, and Codroy beef and butter are well known and appreciated in St. John's.

Above this view is another pretty bit of Codroy, known as " Canoe Beach," said to be one of the old camping grounds of the Beothucks.

'' Fishing Schooners at Labrador '' is the title of our next picture, and it represents some of the fishing fleet bound in an almost endless procession from Southern to Northern Labrador, in quest of the cod.

''Seldom-Come-By" or ''Seldom," as it is more often called, is a thriving settlement in Notre Dame Bay. It possesses a safe harbor and is a great resort for schooners bound to or returning from Labrador. Often in the spring and fall as many as one hundred schooners may be found here sheltering during bad weather.

The two pictures which head page three will give our readers some idea of the magnitude of the paper-making works at Grand Falls. The first is a general view of the various buildings. The tower, known as the "Acid Tower," is used in the making of sulphurous acid, of which large quantities are required in the manufacture of the paper. The second view shows the dam across the Exploits River, from whence is derived the power which operate the machinery in all parts of the works. The third pictur e of this series shows the residence of Lord North­cliffe, which is situated on the bank of the river, a short distance above the mills.

<?ur picture of the ' ' Deer Stalkers' Camps" near Ho~·ley Statton, on the Newfoundland Railway, shows one of the ''can­vas t?wns" that spring up along the railway line during the sportmg season, for the accommodation of visiting sportsmen.

"An Old Time Sealer," forcing her way out of the Narrows of St. John's, is the subject of our next picture. The ice here shown is just too thick for the steamer to get through by her own power, so her crew of nearly 300 n1en are sent out on the ice ahead of the ship with a large hawser to help by pulling and she slowly works her way along.

'' The Camps at the side of Quidi Vidi Lake" will bring to the recollection of some of our readers the great fire of 1892, when nearly half the city was destroyed, and for many months this ''tented city'' was occupied by those who had been ''burnt out" and were unable to secure other accommodation. The tents were supplied by the British Government and were rushed here from Halifax by the cruiser Blake within thirtv-six hours after the news reached London. -

"Fishing Schooners in the Harbor of St. John's.'' This shows just a corner of:the harbor, as it appears both in the Spring and Fall, when it is crowded with vessels from all parts of the Island.

'' _Port-au-Port'' is situated on the West Coast, and is near the hne of railway. Considerable farming is carried on, and the:e are also indications of petroleum in the neighborhood, whtch are now engaging the attention of experts.

"St. Paul's Inlet,'' also on the West Coast is a bit of New­foundland not well known to either our own people or to visitors. It is somewhat difficult of approach on account of the rapid cur­rent at the entrance. The inlet runs back for nearly fifteen miles, and the hills on either side are from 800 to 1000 feet high. Many splendid trout streams empty into it.

''Botwood" is the shipping point of the products of the pulp and paper mills both at Bishop's Falls and Grand Falls, with both of which it is connected by a private railway. It is admit·­ably situated on the Exploits River, and it is hoped that the new ice-breaking steamers which have been built specially for the trade will be able to reach Botwood at all seasons.

Our photo of " Haymaking at Quidi Vidi" was taken during the past summer. In the distance is Cuckold's Cm:e Head, and nearer is the lake upon which our Annual Regatta is held

' ' Boating in St. John's Harbor '' is a pastime much en­gaged in during the summer. A sail through the Narrows out to Freshwater Bay and Cape Spear is one of the most pleasant ways of spending a fine afternoon.

This '' Highland Glen " is to be found in '' Cape Ray Moun­tains,'' situate at the South West corner of our Island. The visito r who admires magnificent scenery will find this one of the most attractive places, and is easily reached from the railway.

''Toad's Cove' ' is a picturesque village on the East Coast, in the pennusula of Avalon, and is touched by the new Trepassey branch of the Newfoundland rail way. It is now often called '' Tor's Cove" from the number of small conical hills or '' tors" (as they are called in Devon, from which many of the early settlers came). TherE are some pretty dri\·es up the '' shore road " towards LaManche.

Soft Soap. By G. H. B.

~HE title of my story would perhaps lead my readers to I ~ imagine that I am in the soap business. This is a mis­~ take. I have had no hand in soap making ; and I do

not intend to write up the excellencies of any soap. This much I may be allowed to say, that I feel confident soap­making has its pleasures in a greater degree than any other domestic manufacture. Our outport friends know this better than those who live in cities. The pleasure of boiling and test­ing her pot of grease or '' blubber soap,'' may easily be seen on the countenance of the frugal housewife as she stands stirring her precious combination of grease and soda or lye. And there is a thrilling pleasure as she discovers that by the last test her soap will both ''string'' and ''lather,'' and is ready to be turned out into a washing tub to cool and harden.

But the phrase, "Soft Soap," has a n1etaphorical meaning, and indicates what the Latins call suavater in modo. Sometimes

,r 1

CHRISTMAS BE L L S- 2

soft soap in this sense is used too freely and produces only irrita­tion ; sometimes it is used hypocritically and produces contempt.

It is time now after this preamble to introduce the hero of my story. His name is David Bottom. He sailed from England in the early part of last century to make his fortune in New­foundland. The fame of the codfishery of this country as a means of becoming rich had attracted many from the mother country, and many an English lad resolved to become a' 'young­ster , '' with the hope of catching the wary cod, in order to lay b y a little cash for hi!' future use. David, with nine other youngsters, on fishing bent, arrived in St. John's in 1847, and our hero was billetted in one of the outharbors not far from St. John's . It was early in June when "Dave,'' as he was famili­arly called, signed his shipping paper. His new occupation seemed strange to him at first, and coal-tar, pitch, and oakum were not among the things he loved. But although he was very small of stature, he was proportionately large in conceit , deter­mination and wilfulness. He had a pleasant voice and could sing a ballad well. His tales of home, too, were eagerly listened to b y the young descendants of former settlers. Indeed he was a hero in the eyes of all the boys and girls in the village , and they soon found out that when be had made up his mind to be agreeable, he was the idol of the hour ; but when Dave made up his mind to be disagreeable, no power of argument or persuasion could induce hin1 to relent. " Your soft soap," he would say, ' ' " •ill never turn me.''

He had not been long in Newfoundland, however, before he felt the power of Cupid's influence. A fair damsel, Jennie Rose, had won his heart, and at once Dave thought of " settling down." The course of true love did not run smooth. It was in the good old times , as topers tell, when rum was eight shillings a gallon . Jennie hated the stuff. Indeed she had good reason for her hatred. Her own home had been wrecked by its evil in­fluence, and she determined to do her best to kill it out. Dave on the other hand rather liked his ''drop of rum , '' and often when he visited Jennie, her heart was saddened . It was not that he was a drunkard, but that all her appeals to him to be a total abstainer seemed but to increase his determination to ''en­joy his glass." "Jennie, my girl," he would repeat, "don't think you ean turn me by your soft soap.'' And yet he loved her with the most ardent love, only that determined will of his made him brutal. He could not understand why he should not b e able to ' ' enjoy his glass ' ' without hurting anybody's feelings. '' It is nothing to anyone what I do,'' he would say. '' A man is no man at all who can't guide himself." Jennie could not be­lie,·e this part of the ' ' Toper's creed,'' and she usually had re­course to silence.

Time passed, and Dave had saved sufficient money to build a small cottage. The clay for the wedding came, and the roar of the old Poole guns plainly shewed that all the villages were heartily one in their good wishes for the happiness of Dave and Jennie. The cares and responsibilities of married life somewhat sobered our hero , and he felt compelled to give up that boyish hilarity which was characteristic of his younger days. No man was now more constant in his work, and for n1any years his best friends considered him a pattern of industry and devotion to his wife and children , and Jennie and the children cordially recipro­cated his love. But trouble came. Their eldest boy and the y oungest girl contracted diphtheria and died. Their three other children, a boy and two girls escaped the dread disease. The neighborhood was considered unhealthy, and at length Dave tnade up his mind to build a house farther from the sea, where his wife and children might live away from an atmosphere which was laden with the smell of decaying fish. So in a year or two Dave might have been seen with pick and spade clearing a small patch of ground near the neat little summer house. It was hard work for a fisherman, and after some experience as a tiller of the ground, he made up his mind to become a fisherman-farmer. This took him from home for most of the summer, during the fishing season ; but Dave returned at the end of each week to spend Sunday with his family and frequently brought with him the material for soap-making. Jennie was au adept at this. She worked hard, and expenses seemed to n1ultiply, and she felt com­pelled to save all she could. So a pot of soap may be often seen in the process of making, suspended over the fire, sheltered in a curved heap of rocks , built up by her own hands a short distance from the dwelling. There were no neighbors very near, and part of the pleasure of soap-making was lost. However, Jennie found her chief pleasure in household duties, and a princess might envy her happiness. There was but one thing that spoiled it, and that was Dave ' s ill-directed determination. He had now come to that stage in the toper's career when all previous re­straints began to relax- Jennie's love was often sorely tried. She felt, however, that she must still do her wifely duty, and she did it.

The little garden had now reached a respectable size. In­deed, garden and meadow began to be referred to as a Farm, and a pony was purchased for the purpose chiefly of carrying vege­tables, wild fruit , birds , fish, eggs, firewood , &c., to St. John's to sell. These visits to the city were ruinous to Dave, both mor­ally and physically. Undesirable acquaintances were formed, and the fisherman-farmer, with the white nag, was eagerly looked out for, and easily found abrntt the premises of those who

sold ale, wines aud spirituous liquors. l\Iany a time the poor, dumb beast had to go home with an incapable driver. Jennie saw that things were growing worse instead of better, and more frequently remonstrated with him, ending up in her loving persuasive way. But "soft soap" was lost upon Dave. His usual reply was, " Do you think I'm a child?" "Your soft soap will never convince me that a man who is a man, is not able to take care of himself. A little drop of spirits will hurt no man." And so Dave's determined will blinded him to reason and to danger, and as he grew older his bad habits strengthened as his strength declined.

Years passed on, and the partial failure of the fishery caused more than usual anxiety in the little homestead. \Vinter came with unwonted severity, and Dave and jennie, now left alone, felt the pinch of hunger. The little bit of cash which Jennie had managed to save n1ust be drawn upon. It was as it were the last resource. To make their state more gloomy still, Da\'e became ill. A doCtor was called and pronounced his illness partial paralysis. '· There was no in1mediate danger,'' he said, ''but it will be months before he will be able to work again.'' He did recover his speech, however, in a few weeks, and Jennie began to feel almost glad that he was ill. He was always sober now and would li~ten to her loving remonstrances with some patience: and many a time Dave seemed to show some regret on account of his foolish ways. But the drunkard ' s mesmeric sensual influence had done its work, and Dave had lost nearly all his good natured qualities. One of his thirsty companions came to see him after he had been laid aside for five months, and brought a bottle of rum to him. Dave's old nature which he had nursed so long came back again , and Jennie felt in despair. She, however, seized the bottle as soon as the visitor had left, and carried it out to hide it in the little store house. Dave was angry, but looked more than he said. For several days following, heavy rain and sleet had made it unpleasant even for the strong and well to be out of doors. Frequent questionings came into Dave's 111ind as to the fate of the bottle of which Jennie had taken possession, and he longed to be able to go in search of it. But he was rather afraid that Jennie might see him, and seize and destroy the bot­tle if he found it. So he waited. He knew that Jennie ·would be busy soap-boiling to-morrow, and that she had to pay a visit to one of their neighbors in the afternoon to purchase a load of fire­wood. So he would wait .

The dawn of the following day looked well. Jennie was up early, and had breakfast prepared almost before sunrise. Dave had not slept well, and did not enjoy his breakfast, and his bit of toast was eaten with poor appetite. Jennie meanwhile had kindled a fire and had her pot charged with soap materials. Our hero walked with difficulty to the door, and opened it a few inches. There was his wife, now grey with age, yet still active, and intent upon the work before her. He paused for a few mo­ments while feelings of regret for having wronged the best woman in the world , passed through his mind. But the drink had unnerved and unmanned him, and he was left helpless in the power of a demon which he himself had created. Heartless, helpless, brutal now, a mere mockery of all that is good in man. Jennie's soap had been finished before dinner, aud poured out into the deep wash-tub to cool out in the little outhouse which went by the name of barn. The bit of U.inner \vas quickly dis­posed of, and Jennie set off to order the firewood. She had not been longt:r than necessary, and returned in less than au hour. On opening the door she was frightened to find that the house was empty. She called, a~d searched every part of the house, and her heart beat so raptdly that she felt compelled to rest. But it was only for a minute, and she rushed out of doors to continue her search- Presently she heard him call , and she rushed to the barn. Jennie had placed a piece of old clapboard across her soap tub. Dave had, with the help of a crutch, gone in search of the hidden bottle. The exertion was too much for hiru, but he ke?t on looking behind and under everything movable.

At last he felt compelled to rest before returning to the house, which he had made up his mind to do before his wife returned. But ' the best laid schemes of mice and men gang aft aglee,' and when Dave sat upon the clapboard, he quickly found that the seat was not to be depended upon. Down he went into the soft soap, deeper and deeper, while the displacement which increased with every struggle brought him into a region which grew hotter and hotter. Jennie's first feeling was that of genuine anger . With the wit of a true woman , she relented, and seized the op­portunity for negotiation with her spouse. '' Will you promise me, on your honour, that you'll never drink again?" '' Oh, it's getting too hot,'' replied Dave. '' Promise me ; promise me, and I will pull you out," quickly replied Jennie. "I promise." cried Dave, '' that I will never be a fool again, and that I will give up­the cursed drink!" Upon this, Jennie helped him to extricate himself from his dangerous position.

When they were back safely into the house Dave burst into· tears. and cried as if his heart would break. When he could speak he said, '' I mean to keep my promise to you, my dear, God helping me . '' ''Thank God, Dave, that you have come to your senses ; but my soft soap did it ! "

CHRISTMAS BELLS-3

~~~~~~il5%· ~~

~ H <!&ur JLabp of tbe JLoabeg."

· ~ By P. T. McGrath. ~ ~~-~~~~~~~~

I T is doubtful if oue in a thousand, sitting down to his Christmas dinner, gives a thought to the story of the flour from which is made the pudding, cake or pie of which he partakes, or thinks of what the wanderings

l1ave been of the wheat from which this flour was ground . A few y ears ago grains of wheat taken from the wrappings of a mummy buried in a pyramid in Egypt many centnries before, were s ent to Canada and planted in the prairie country and although they had been sealed away in this tomb for all these ages, they in clue course produced an abundant yield, the products being subseque ntly planted and replanted until these grains were spt·ead wide over the West. It is conceivable that flour in which some of them are constituents is now being used in this colony and forming part of somebocly's Christmas dinner.

Though Kipling once described Canada as ·' Our Lady of the Snows ," to us at any rate she is "Our Lady of the Loaves," for of th e 400,000 barrels of flour imported into this colony e very year, more than 80 per cent no\-..' come from the Domi­nion and but 20 per cent from the United States , an absolute reversal of the position held by these competitors twenty years ago. before Canada had made her supremacy in wheat-growing so manifest as it has since become. A few weeks ago at a Land a11Cl Irrigation exhibition in Madison Square Garden, New York City , a pri7.e of $1,000 offered by Sir Thomas Shaughnessey, President of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, for the best sample of hard red wheat gro·wn on the American Continent, was awarded by the scientific experts from three American Agri­cultural Colleges, who were chosen as judges, to farmer Seager \\'heeler , of Rosthern, Saskatchewan, the second and third places in sixteen entries being awarded to farmers in Alberta and Manitoba, the thirteen American exhibits being all out­classed by the three from Canada. Thus Canada makes good her claim to that she grows the finest wheat in the world and thus glory goes to the great Northwest and especially to its remoter s ections, because Rosthern is situated as far north as Edmonton, in the vicinity of Prince Albert and in a territory wh ere ten years ago there was scarcely a settler.

This, however, is only another case of history repeating it­self, for the wheat that won the Gold Medal at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, was grown by the Grey Nuns at Fort Chipewyan , on the shores of Lake Athabasca, which is in the latitude of Stockholm; although fifteen years previously the most eminent American authority declared that wheat could not be grown north of Ohio. To-day wheat is successfully produced at Fort Vermilion in the Peace River Dis­trict, almost 3,000 miles north of Chicago and within 400 miles of the Arctic circle, and the Hudson Bay Company has a flour mill here and grinds this wheat for the use of its own fur posts and Indian allies throughout that vast territory. Four years ago the Winnipeg Free Press sent out souvenirs to the leading news­papers in Canada and the United States composed of tiny bar­rels of this flour , which had to be brought from the mill, 300 miles south in a Hudson Bay stern-wheel steamer down the Peace Ri\·er to Lake Athabasca, and across to the mouth of the Athabasca River, and thence by the Athabasca River to Athabasca Landing, nearly 400 miles more in one of the stout fabrics known as a '' york boat,' ' and from there by pack train 100 miles to Edmonton, from Edmonton 900 miles to Win­nipeg, and from there it was distributed to the journals of the Continent .

Canada's annual wheat output now is about 220 ,000 ,000 bushels and only one-tenth of the land available for growing wheat is yet under crop. Allowing five bushels of wheat to the making of a barrel of flour-for there are by-products also-this represents a total of 45 million barrels and Newfoundland's total consumption being less than a hundredth part of this, it can be seen how insignificant is what we take to the whole of Can­ada's product.

Our factor in the total will become still less as every year passes, because the prodigious inrush of people to the Canadian West is steadily continuing and every season there is fully twenty per cent more wheat raised than the previous year ; while, marvellous to relate, in spite of this increase high prices con­tinue to prevail , because the total product no more than keeps pace with the world's increase of population.

The wheat-growing industry is now so important that armies of scientists are employed in promoting its more successful cul­tivation. The finest of each season's wheat is usually kept by the farmers themselves for seed for the next year, but the Fed­eral and Provincial Governments have experts engaged in secur­ing additional supplies and thousands of bags of samples of specially-bred wheat are sent out every year to farmers all over

the country with the idea of improving the quality so that it will make better bread. In the prairie regions where wheat is grown, the process of farming consists simply in breaking up the sod by means of mighty ploughs, sowing the wheat into furrows thus created and ''leaving Nature to do the rest. ''

Nowadays the breaking of the soil, the sowing of the seed, the reaping of the crop , and the harvesting of the grain are processes carried out entirely by machinery and on the larger farms the use of tractio11 engines, worked by steam or gasoline, is becoming very gene ral. The plows, seeders, harrows, reapers and binders are scarcely ever worked by less than four horses, while the threshing machines, which in many instances are owned by small communities, are operated b y steam or other power. On some of the larger farms they work three and four binders in a train , with one traction engine, and the binders have sheaf carriers that drop the sheaves in piles of six to eight, afte r which they are stacked into larger piles b y hand. In the threshing the grain is taken from the ear by the machines and all the straw is shot into a huge pile through a funnel from the side , while the grain runs into another recepticle. This straw is subsequently burned, this being the only way yet devised of getting rid of it , though the day will doubtless come when some inventor will make a fortune by utilizing it for othu purposes.

When the whea t is thresheu the fanner hauls it to the station in his waggon and puts it into cars or ele vators . The cars t a k e it to Winnipeg where the Dominion Government has inspecto rs who grade it and certify to the value of the conte nts, and on this receipt the farmer is paid. It is next s hipped to m a rket either by rail entirely, if it is intended for many parts of the United States and Canada, or by rail and steamer if it is d e ­signed for other or trans-oceanic destinations .

In due course it is made into flour , a process which in modern days is widely different from what it was in the olde n times , when the grain was ground between the upper and the nether millstones. Flour-making is to-day a most complicated and delicate process and involves the employment of immense mills and Ye r y costly machinery. A modern flour mill is five or six storeys high and is close beside elevators which are still higher, and in which the grain is stored that is to be used in the milling. Different grades of grain are held in different sec­tions of these elevators and are blended in varying proportions for the making of diffe1·ent classes of flour. Then the grain is passed over sieves, so that it may be cleaned of foreign sub­stances ; after which it is washed by passing through lukewarm water, scoured by hard brushes, dried in chambers with hot a ir, and ultimately passed into the grinders which are revolving wheels of the finest steel with grooves of varying fineness, the grain being broken in the first process and by degrees reduced till it becomes the almost impalpable powder we call flour in the last , while the shorts and bran that are the by-products are gradually removed by separating the flour from them through sieves of silk. Virtually all of the work is dont by machinery and human bands rarely, if ever , touch the grain from the time it is washed until the finished product is turned out, the flour being carried, as it is made , into bins with funnel-like spouts under which the barrels or bags are set that are to be filled . The shorts and the bran go in other directions and into bins with similar spouts which enable these products to be bagged also . Then the flour is put into rail cars and shipped to market in the cities and towns of the Continent or carried by steamer to Newfoundland or other ?arts of the world.

Ji!' ;ifflarp ;ifflorgan'g ~rabe. [The subject of this poem was lost at sea from th t

R.M.S.S. Pretorian in a storm during the voya~e from Liverpool to St. John's in September of the present year. The writer was a passenger on the same ,·oyage. ]

" Calm and pea ceful be U1y slee p , Rock 'd in the cradle of the deep!' '

If in thy dreams-thy childhood ' s dreams­When wings are donn ' d at will ,

And life is rosy as the morn And rippling as the rill.

Thou dreamt! but not of gra ves , dear child! Nor storms! nor wrecks, but ships!

\Vhite sails ! In youth bright visions oft The heart and soul eclipse!

A hero? Was he in thy dreams? For none more brave e'er stood !

He little reck'd the storm King ' s wrath­The Octan's boiling flood.

The same slab notes the act, clt:ar child ! Tbe same sad story 's wrung !

The same hearts beat above the stone, And sigh for one so young !

The same leaves murmur all too plain ! The same white snow 'sa pall!

The same white waves a message B.ings, "AND HEAV'N IS OVER ALI.!" E.C.

CHRISTMAS BEL L S - 4

~ust In ~ime. A LEAF FROM T HE DIARY OF THE BARRELMAN.

By J. W. Kinsella.

The good ship Grand Lake :-Jl:fay Iter bed on the rugged bottom of lite A tlanlic be a cl10ice one. Size deserves it most and best.

~HE various bright recollections clinging to me to-day i-.;;;,. of many years sailing under the lucky flag of the old ~ Grand Lake, and the anecdotes and tales listened to in

her bright and cheerful cabin, have been told at in­tervals under the heading of '' Barrel man.'' But there is one eventful and memorable trip underlined in the leaves of my diary yet untold, which perhaps some day-if not lost or stolen -I may weave into a story for publication, for as \liTalpole says :

" A little nonsense now and then Is relished by the wis<::st m<::u ."

In the fall, and very late in the fall of the year 1895, the last arrival from the Labrador reported that a family whom he had engaged to call for, bad been left behind, without any chance of a passage home. His vessel was the last of the fleet, and the weather was such that it would be altogether unsafe for his schooner, loaded as she was with living freight, to venture in­land, and so he thought prudence in this case was the better part of valor. He further reported that immediate steps should be taken to have this family conveyed home, because to his knowledge their supply of provisions must nearly be exhausted, and he asked that the government make no delay in sending a steamer to their relief. Thus it was that immediately after our arrival from a very long and stormy trip on the West Coast, instrnctions were awaiting us to proceed to Cape Harrison, Sloop Cove, on the Labrador, and there take on board, living or dead, a family belonging to Conception Bay, land them at Carbonear on return of the ship , and lose no time, so as to re­sume mail and passenger duty on the \Vest Coast of the Island.

All sorts of rumors were prevalent before our leaving, and like the majority of such reports, without ct word of truth. We were told, that a fortnight ago these people were supposed to have consumed their last morsel of food, and with no help on any side of them for miles and miles, they could not possibly be found alive; and even, said the wise (?) ones (who knew as much about the Labrador as "Dr." Neil knows about the interior of Windsor Castle), even had they food, the inclemency of the weather on that bleak part of the coast, without firing of any sort, must have long since succumbed with the cold.

However, on the 5th of November, 1895, we started, with these whispered reports fresh in our minds, wondering and ask­ing each other what would be our discovery? Bright skies, and fair winds, with smooth water, made us happy and hopeful as we proceeded through the Narrows. Many a'' good luck'' was waftt::d us as the ship moved from the wharf and steamed slowly to the offing, from friends on shore.

'' Full speed ahead" was quickly responded to from the engine-room after turning the northern head, and the Grand Lake in all her power and glory, commanded by Capt. Delaney, whose knowledge and experience of the Labrador Coast has no compeer, lost no time on her errand of mercy.

Saturday at 3 p.m. we arrived at Sloop Cove, Cape Harrison, where the fisherman and his family had their rooms, and as we steamed in the little harbour the ship's whistle echoed o'er the hills, but not a sign of a living soul appeared, and the whole harbour looked desolate and forsaken. Not a waft of smoke was seen from any of the houses; no response in any form to the ship's repeated blasts. Were our fears to be realized? Were the reports, dark and dismal, true? Mr. Coffee, the mate, was then given orders to lo·;;•er the ship's boat, and with a crew, proceed on shore and search every house in the harbour for tidings of the family. Captain Delaney, at my request. granted me a place in the boat, and of the many pleasant years sailing and coasting as mail officer, this trip was the most exciting and e\·entful of all, and stands out in bold relief to-day.

Six men of us went in a bodv-six all told-nor did we separate when on shore. We went as one ruan from house to bouse, dreading and fearing what we might find. The majority of doors were fastened, but we made ingress to these houses through the windows, nor would any search of the interior be made until the whole six bad entered. After going through more than half the harbour without discovering anything which could tell us whether those we were seeking were dead or alive, Mr. John Clair, an old and experienced seaman, saw a picket with a rag of some sort attached, nailed to a fence near a dwell­ing house at the head of the harbour. This denoted something; this was their late home. What would we find inside. Silently \Ye went towards it. Yes, the door was only latched. Who would enter first. Mr. Coffee who conducted the search did, and found-what? Hanging from the ceiling, in the centre of the

room, a shingle, smooth and painted, and printed on it in good. large capital letters these words,

LEFT FOR E"i\1ILV HARBOl'R. C <) M E A F T E R U S T II E R E .

Some one shouted '' hurrah,'' and the whole six of us took it up with such vim that though we were nearly a mile from the ship, it brought the captain and whole crew in haste to the port side of the vessel with spy glasses. 'Twas now becoming dusk, Mr. Coffee took charge of the shingle bearing the ''glad tid­ings,'' and we pulled back on board where all hands crowded 'round the captain to hear the message read. Every one uow feeling happy, 'twas decided to stay at Sloop Cove until daylight and come south to Emily in the morning. Well yes, I suppose we stayed there all night; some one told Purser Pike we did, and Pike told me. However we arrived at Emily Harbor at 10 a.m. Sunday, and although the breakfast was a sumptuous one, Capt. Delaney complained of having to sit and eat alone, though be­yond complaining, like the good man he was and is, he never question ed why.

In all my experience I have never seen such excitement and enthusiasm displayed in entering a port as when we arrived at Emily. The people for whom we called were really crazy with joy. At the first sound of the whistle they came rushing towards the water with raised hands and shouting at the top of their voices, "Thank God! " "Thank God!! " Nor did they cease till they got to the very margin of the sea. So boisterous and frantic were they, that those on board candidly believed they were going to try to swim to the ship ; but when we heard their tale we wondered not, and when we arrived on shore we won­dered less, and only whispered to each other- '' JUST IN TIME!''

In a box house, with not sufficient room to swing Judge Prowse's cat, were living two men, half breeds; one married, the other a bachelor; the married man's wife (who weighed about thit·teen stone) and seven small children, together with the four for whom we called, fourteen in all, living in a space a little larger perhaps (but with compartments), than our city am­bulance, and with about the same atmosphere, and this the only inhabited house in the harbour, with over six long months of privation to look forward to. No wonder the old fisherman broke clown with joy and assured us that the sight of the ship's bow coming 'round the head-land was the most joyous sight he ever beheld in his seventy years of life. In time-yes, ''just in time,'' for here, too, was a little one-sided bit of romance begin­ning to weave itself. The half breed bachelor brother, seeing that the old fisherman and his family were indebted to them for lodgings, if for nothing else, and looking forward to a long and lonely winter under the same roof, began to make advances to the old man's daughter.

How vividly I recall now our landing on the beach. When the last one of us got on shore. Miss--- sprang on board, and, turning to her father said, " I am not going back to that house again,'' and then appealing to the sailors who manned the boat, in a most supplicating manner, she said, "Oh, men, please row me on board the ship, and after I will tell you why ! ''.

Who could refuse that request ? ~ot men like Clare and Coffee and Badcock; and though 'twas not customary-even contrary to regulations-the men instantly rowed off with the one passenger, at her request. But Mr. Badcock, the ship's poet, in a half-dozen verses of first rate rhyming, gives ample reasons for his going. I recall one of the verses ; here it is, as well as I can remember:

How could we refuse-her voice was so S\veet-Sbe was shivering and cold from her head to her feel, Ant.l her seal blouse b<::came her aud made her look flip; And remembering I'd left my T.D. on the ship; I turned to Mate Coffee and put in a good spoke, Because I was spoiling, for want of a smoke.

The remaining three of the family and myself went on to the house, and when the bachelor half-breed saw his good time was up, and his lady-love gone on to the ship, his language and rage were terrible. It was all directed towards me , who at the time was the only one of the ship's crew present, and had I known bow the land lay, I too would have gone back to the ship for my pipe. However, no violence was offered and peace was fully restored on the return of the sailors, who by the command of the Captain had orders to convey all passengers' luggage on hoard, with the least possible delay.

By noon that Sunday, the S.S. Grand Lake, with the TWO faamilies on board, ,·iz: the whole ship's crew and the rescued Conception Bay one; steamed with colors flying for Carbonear, where amidst the rejoicings of the historic little town, we landed our passengers and their belongings-happy and well-landed them amidst friends who revered them with a holier and more acceptable love than those from whom we rescued them-JUST IN TIME!

The story of three weeks living at Emily with this winter family and depending upon them for a few necessaries will by and bye make a tale of its own. I have it all from the fountain head, and may some day, D.V., make it a readable subject for CHRISTMAS BELLS.

SUPPLEMEN'1., "rO -------

CHRISTMAS_/ BELLS •++++++++++++++~+++++++++++++++++++•++++++++++++++++++•++++++++++++++++~·+++~++++++++++·+++++++++++

Profile Rock Photo b\' Parso11s Bay of Islands Photo b_v If aflov.•uy

Boating Scene, Bay of Islands Photo by llol/oway

Weighing Seals Photo by Hoflo"<t•ay Skinning an Old Hood Seal Photo by H ollM<'ll_\'

CHRISTMAS BELLS- 5

One nundred and Fifty illites of a m ission. Say, what do you call a l\Iission,

In this your part of the world? \Vbat is the range of your vision?

In summer afloat you gel For he who tells it has do1le it For over tv.-en ty-six years ;

Anrl , yes. he tells you he loves it Hare! life, though it appears. At you is the question hurled.

To row with might and main; It's much if vou don't gel wet

WHh either salt water or rain.

You, who can see all your people With every morning's light;

For fifteen or twenty miles Then, here's to the hardy !'orsemen­Fishers of Newfoundland-

All within view of your steeple, They never are out of your sight.

Your back you bend to the oar; Upon you the agony piles l\Ien who are meet to be calle<l men,

!Hen of the open band. Until your whole body is sore.

This is what we call a Mission In this Newfoundland of ours;

Tlzis is the range of 01w vision

And what if the seas run high, As high as they do out here ?

And what if no haven be nigh ?

Now ye who work in the h0me laud, Land of all that is free,

A hundred ann fifty miles. The Parson must know no fear. Just think of us in this lone-lan<l

Toiling beside the sea.

In winter you take >1p your pack, On snowshoes without any road;

With twenty pounds on your back Your jaded body you goad.

For fear may mean a mistake, And give us your prayers and your alms \Ve ask you for them both: A mistake that mustn't be made,

For remember, lives nre at stake, And lives for mistakes are paid!

That God may keep in His arms, Us, who to work go forth.

Tramp on from morning till night, As under your load you bend ;

There's never a man in sight N'f)~·~::: ~e"%~~~~ncft:n~~sion-

Till you get to yonr journey's end. And tllis is no ilream or vision,

You get it from me first hand.

Varia. By Rev. Canon Smith, R .D.

I HAVE chosen this title " Varia," not because I con­sider that the mantle has fallen on my shoulders of an eminently but unfortunately now deceased writer to the Churclt Times who headed his contributions to that paper

with this word; but because in this paper I intend to write upon more than one subject.

First, I gave some extracts from Bishop Inglis's Journal of Visitation in 1827, in which allusion is made to the aboriginies of Newfoundland.

Tuesday, 3rd July, 1827. '' This was the first day since I left Halifax (on May 24th) that was given to personal gratification. While the ship (H.M.S. Orestes) was taking in wood and water in the upper part of the Exploits River, Mr. Peyton took us in the boats about thirteen miles up the river to a rapid, whence we walked about two miles to a beautiful overfall. (Hence named ' The Bishop's Falls'). Our interest in all we saw was greatly increased by knowing that this was the retreat of the Bceothuk, or red or wild Indians, until the last four or five years. We were on several of their stations and saw many of their traces. These stations were admirably chosen on points of land where they were concealed by the forest, but bad long views up and down the river to prevent surprise. When Cabot first landed he took away three of this unhappy tribe and from that day to this (1497 to 1827) they have had reason to lament the discovery of their is­land by Europeans.

'' Not the least ad,·ancement has been made towards their civilization. They are still clothed in skins, if any remnant of their race exist, and bows and arrows are their only weapons. English and French, MicMacs and Mountaineers, Labradors and Esquimaux shoot at the Bceothuk as they shoot at the deer. The several attempts that have been made under the sanction of the government to promote an intercourse with this race have been unfortunate, though some of them had every prospect of success. An institution has been formed in the present year to renew these praiseworthy attempts, the expense of which must be borne by benevolent individuals, and while I am writing, Mr. Cormack, an enterprising individual, is engaged in a search for a remnant of the race. But as it is known that they were reduced to the greatest distress by being driven from the shore and rivers where alone they could procure sufficient food, and none have been seen for several years; it is feared by some that a young woman who was brought in about four years ago and is now living with Peyton's family. is the last survivor of her tribe. The Bceothuk institution has now assumed charge of this interesting female, that she may be well instructed and provided for.''

Wednesday, July 4th. '' The weather continues fine and we hope for a rapid sail down the river at an early hour in the

morning, making only one stop at a beautiful fishing station on Sandy Point, from whence the Bceothuks a few years ago stole a vessel and se\·eral hundred pounds worth of property from ~fr. Peyton. Bet'.veen nine and ten we landed at Burnt Island, and while the clergy were assembling the people for service, I had some conversation with Shanawdit bit, the Bceothuk young woman I have already mentioned. The history of her introduction to Mr. Peyton's family is soon related. In April, I823, a party of furriers in the neighbourhood of the Exploits River followed the traces of some Red Indians until they came to a wigwam from whence an Indian had just gone, and ncar it they found an old woman so infirm that she could not escape. They took her to lvir. Peyton's '.vhere she was kindly treated and loaded with presents. After a few days she was left at her wigwam while the furriers searched for others. Two females were soon discovered whose dress was but little different from that of the men. Though much alarmed they were made to understand by signs that the old woman who was their mother was at band. The man who had been first seen was their father who was drowned by falling through the ice. The women were in such lamentable want of food that they were easily induced to go to Mr. Peyton's. He took them to St. John's where everything they could desire v.-as given to them and after a stay of ten days they were taken back to Exploits and returned to their wigwam in full confidence that an amicable intercourse with their tribe would be established. One of the young women who had suffered some time from a pulmonary complaint died as soon as she was landed. In a short time the other two returned to one of Mr. Pevton's stations nearly famished, and very soon after they arrived there the old woman also died, and Mr. Peyton has retained her daughter Shanawdithit in his own family. All that could be discovered of the religion of the Red Indians is, they had feared some powerful monster who was to appear from the sea and punish the wicked. They consider death as a long sleep and· it is customary to bury the implements and ornaments of the dead in the same grave with their former possessors. They believe in incantations. When the girl who died was very ill her mother, who was of a violent and savage disposition, heated large stones and then poured water upon them until she was encircled by fumes from the midst of which she uttered loud shrieks expecting benefit to her suffering child. Shanawdithit is fond of Mr. Peyton's children who leave their mother to go to her and soon learned all that was necessary to make her useful in the family. Her progress in the English language has been slow, and I greatly lamented to find that she had not received sufficient instruction to ue baptised and confirmed. I should have brought her to Halifax for this pnrpose but her presence will be of infinite importance if any more of her tribe should be discovered. She is now twenty-three years old , very interesting, rather graceful, and of a good disposition , her countenance mild and her voice soft and harmonious. Sometimes a little sullenness appears and an anxiety to wander when she will pass twenty-four hours in the woods and return, but this seldom occurs. She is fearful that her race has died for want of food. A congregation was assembled at 11 o'clock when forty-nine persons were confirmed. All of these were very decorous in their behaviour and many of them appeared sincerely devout. Shanawdithit was

CHRISTMAS BELLS-6

present. She perfectly understood that we were engaged in religious services and appeared struck with their solemnity. Her whole deportment was serious and becoming. She was also made to understand my regret that her previous instruction had not been such as to allow of her baptism and confirmation and my hope and expectation that she would be well prepared if it pleased God that we met again. (They never met again in this world.) Mr. Peyton pledged h!mself that every possible endeavour should be ntade for this purpose.'' Here ends the Bishop's record.

I think that under the circumstances attendant upon this case had I been in the good Bishop's place I should have ordered 1he immediate baptism of Shanawdithit and directly thereafter -confirmed her. For after all she was as docile as a child and "t.he godparents could have answered for her and they with the clergyman (the Rev. Mr. Chapman) could have seen to her after instruction in the Christian faith. At a later period she did Teceive Christian baptism, but owing to there being then no Church of England Bishop of Newfoundland she was never -confirmed.

In 1828 she was brought to St. John's where she died, prob­.ably of tuberculosis, in the following year. She was buried in a naval cemetery on the southside of St. John's. This cemetery was Imperial property. It does not appear ever to have been -consecrated. A considerable part of it, I understand, has been built upon. Shanawdithit lies, like the veriest pauper or male­-factor, in an unknown grave. She ought to have been buried in "t.he graveyard in front of the Cathedral and a substantial monu­ntent erected to her memory. Probably a dwelling house, or a st:ore, or it may be a stable or worse stands on the place where t.his the last of the aboriginies of Newfoundland was interred. It is a lasting reproach upon both the memory of the lead­ing citizens of St. John's of that time and the Crown Colony Government of that day that this disgraceful thing was per­IIIitted occurrence.

Had Shanawdithit died in this year of grace, 1911, she would have had a state funeral and a handsome tomb erected to her ntemory by public subscription. Was she not entitled to this honor, since as the last of her tribe she was a Bceothuk Princess, and thereby a Princess of Terra Nova.

I now proceed to give various extracts from old reports of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, which, .as they touch upon m.atters historical, may be of interest to your readers.

In 1783 there were three church clergymen in Newfoundland, viz.: Rev. Edward Langman, M.A., St. John's; James Balfour, Harbor Grace; and James Barker, Trinity Bay. Mr. Langman states that besides the garrison and the newly raised Newfound­land regiment there were 250 families in St. John's and about 2000 souls, the greater part of whom were Roman Catholics. Rev. James Balfour gives the population of Conception Bay as follows: Masters, 297; men-servants, 1,437; women, 433; children, 1,597. Total, 3,784. He had "a large number of steady communicants,'' and during the year 1792 married twenty couples, baptised 97 children and buried 20 corpses. Mr. Barker, who, the report says, had been engaged at the Bahamas which had been recently captured by the Spaniards sends no return. I doubt if he ever went to Trinity. The Rev. \Valter Price, curate of Dartmouth, Devon, on the recotnmendation of the merchants and traders of that place, succeeded Mr. Langman as Rector of St. John's. l\1r. Price reports his mission in a most flourishing state. The Church repaired, "towards which the gentlemen of the Salisbury gave thirty guineas.''

1785. The Society has received with pleasure the agreeable information of Rev. John Clinch's safe return to Trinity, after his visit to England to receive Holy Orders. He hopes soon to have the Church put in a thorough state of repair. The inhabitants of Trinity \Yere much pleased with the black velvet pall, marble font (both in existence and used in my day), and

.f!"l"l'<'Jl co1n1nuniou cloth. 1789. !'vir. Price visits Fern·land and officiates once a month

at Pett\' Harbor. He writes of Gon:rnor Elliott setting a good e..'~:: am pie by attending church constanth·. The people of Placentia express grateful acknowledgment to the Society for sending Rev. John Harris to be their clergyman.

1791. Mr. Price removed to New Brunswick and Rev. Mr. Harris took charge of St. John's. Rev. J. Balfour and Rev. John Clench both report great suffering from both hunger and cold runong the poor of their flock owing to failure of the fishery.

1792. l\1r. Balfour after thirty years arduous sen·ice retires on full pay He died in 1809.

1793. The people of Ferry land subscribe £43 lOs. Od. per annum towards the salary of their clergyman, Re\'. Samuel Cole, 1\llr. Cole was also a J.P. and a Surrogate. Rev. John E,·ans, a Welshman (appointed to Placentia in 1791) this year (1793) reports having visited the whole of Fortune Bay, and much grieved at the extreme ignorance of many of the inhabitants of that district.

1795. Rev. John Hat.Js reports number of inhabitants of St. John's to be 3280, composed of 682 families, 1792 men, 668 women, 820 children. In the same year l'vfr. Clinch reports

population of Trinty Bay to consist of 109 families, 97 married, 188 boys, 134 girls, servant men, 134.

This year on a visit to Burin Rev. Mr. Evans had been cast away, barely escaping with his life and the clothes he was wearing. He goes to England for the winter and hopes to return in the spring. He did return but finally left Newfoundland in 1798. In 1796 be visited Burin and found the people at­tentive as before to religious instruction. The boat keepers were much reduced from failure of the fishing voyage. The schoolmaster, Mr. Saunders, continued his school though few were able to pay for the education of their children. In view of this fact the S.P.G. added another twenty dollars per an­num to this schoolmaster's stipend.

From an old note-book recently come into my possession I could quote extracts from S.P.G. reports bearing upon New­foundland history for nearly half a century from the year 1785 but forbear lest I weary your readers.

I conclude with an account of a Christmas Eve experience in 1833 of my Godfather, that grand old Newfoundland mis­sionary, the late Revd. Thomas Martyn Wood, grandfather of the principal of Bishop Feild College. ln July, 1833, Mr. Wood, afterwards Rector of St Thomas's, Rural Dean of Avalon, and Bishop's Commissary, but then a Deacon, en­tered upon his first charge, which was the Mission of Portugal Cove. This mission extended from Seal Cove to Cape St. Francis, including Bell Island, and embraced also Pouch Cove and Tor bay. Only one road, that to St. John's from Portugal Cove, in the whole extensive mission. Rev. T. M. Wood's extensive journeyings were either on foot or in open boat. At first he bad comfortable quarters at Portugal Cove, but in December, 1833, had to leave them and enter into residence in an unoccupied house which he had not time to furnish before, on December 15th, leaving for a tour through the southern portion of his parish. On the night of December 23rd while in boat trying to return home from Kelligrews be was compelled to put up in a tilt on Kelley's Island. The rest of the story I give in his own graphic language, which tells its own tale.

"December 24th, Christmas Eve. About 8 a.m. took to the boat and ran for the shore about two miles distant. It blew very hard and the breakers soon appeared very high and rough before us. What was to be done? No harbor and on a lee shore. Must only drive ahead and try to save ourselves, trusting to those on shore who may chance to see us. Under God this was our only hope of help. And now, just about to luff to run for the beach, the helm is carried away and suddenly with the sea and wind the boat sheared round broadside to the beach and amidst frightful rocks. At once she struck, I jumped out; the sea took me off my legs. One man caught me and held my arms over the gunwale. In this manner I was carried out again with the sea. The next sea dashed us in and was about to beat me in pieces between the boat and an island rock when the boat took a shear and carried me clear. We were now brought nearer to the shore. I left the boat fearing that she might turn over and kill me against some rock. Had on too much clothes to gain the shore, the sea was just carrying me back from my hands and knees when a man who had that moment come to our assistance ran into the water and helped me ashore. No sooner was I on my legs than I proceeded to utter sincere and hearty thanks to God for deliverance from death. Then ran to a house, for my clothes were freezing. Got to a good fire and soon kind Mrs. Delaney provided me with dry clothes.

Before I left the beach I saw that the other people in the boat had reached the shore in safety. The keel of the boat was broken and other damage done to her. After getting some breakfast with my servant-man I set out for the cove. At night­fall we arrjved at my habitation worn out. Here everything was as we left it in confusion. vVe made a fire, got something to eat, and soon went to bed, sleeping on the floor. Rose early on Christmas morning Yery stiff and weary.''

As I have been >\'riting of the past I conclude by, accord­ing to the good, old English custom, wishing all your readers

" A Merry Christmas and a happy New Year, A pocket full of money and a barrel full of beer.•·

(Sp1 uce beer of course.)

FOWL REFL-EGGS-TIONS. A hen stood on her perch one clay, with one foot up and head on side. And wondered why SHE should lay eggs for folks to eat, until she clit:d. "Those hungry \'eople eat every egg that e'er I lay," clucked sht:, " And when I thtnk of it I do believe that later on they'll e'en eat me."

Just then a rooster woke and crowed, " Get every hen to duty, ' And waste not precious time in thought which will not add to beauty.

"But lay your eggs and then be pleased to see them quickly swallowed, "And thank your stars, as clown they go, by you they are not followed."

In meditation deep those fowls are pondering on that warning; The result you'll have in new-laid eggs on a not-far-rlistant morning.

E. E. W.

Supplement to " CHRISTMAS BELLS"

How the Iron Ore is Found at Bell Island Photo by fl oflou•ay A Lumber Mill at Bonne Bay Photo by 11 ofloway

The Toad Rock · Photo bv Parsons Canoe Beach, Codroy Photo by liofloway

Grand River, Codroy

Fishing Schooners, Labrador Photo b:y Hofloway Seldom-come-by Photo b:y Hotloway

CH R ISTMAS BELLS-7

Ht the ~ouncil Board. A L I GHT OPERE TT A .

SCENE-The Couucil Room, a lull Board present. TIME-1915.

OPENING CHORUS.

We have met here again to consider The problems both !"any_ and great.

Concerning our beautiful cit)!. That have come to our not1ce of late ;

To devise and prepare \Vith discernment and care

Fresh plans for its ultimatt: fate.

The problems that weekly confront ns Extensively vary and so_ .

We indulge now and then 111 a bicker, For our routine is apt to be slow:

~~~tn~s aa0 h}~d~~'!~~uj scrap, The Mayor gets up anr~ says, " No!"

IIIayor.

If you'll kindly peruse the reports in the News

You will note that I often say, "No!"

Gentlemen, be seated! (All sitJ.

The Secretary now will read In accents loud and clear

Communications from the west And east to Vvalsh's Square.

Secretary reads : The Secretary of the Board,

Dear Sir, I write you now

Coucerning something that has made A net-work of my brow,

For when some Councillors once sought My independent vote,

Of little things !hey promised me I made a mental note;

One promised he would get for me A job some day somewhere ;

I've waited for it long enough And want it now-so th"re!

Councillor .1. I move that a letter be sent to this man,

'-Vhere~er on earth he may be, Informing him we have but one vacant job

And applicants seventy-three.

Counc. B. 1 second the motion proposed by my friend ;

'-Ve had better go slowly than fast.

llfayor. Those in favor say, "Yea!" Contra-minded say, u Nay!" I consider the motion as passed.

Secretary reads: Dear Sir,

In the course of my busy career I havt: cornered a little of" dough;"

I ask for permission to add to my house An annex substllntial, and so,

If you'll kindly consent to my modest request By givin!" permission to me,

I shall pay up to elate all I owe on my rates Anti be happy as happy can be.

Counc. C.

Let the proper authorities look at this house And report at the meeting next week;

But, as to arrears, we should get them at once; I object to this tax-payer's cheek.

Comtc. D.

Pt:rchance we can recover All arrears and be content;

Any legal light c-an get them For a modest ten per cent.

By Chas. E. Hunt.

llfayor.

Let it go to a solicitor ; I am very sure that be

'-Vill recover it by fi-fa For the said contingent fee.

Secretary reads :

Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen , 1 have to ask

That you spare me a moment or two, While I write of the tank at the end of our

street, For the water that runs there is blue.

I do not object to the colour so much But it doesn't go well with the tea; \

The woman next door told my wife of this fact In the course of a friendly "says she."

Counc. £!.'. I The engineer should straight away

Attention give to this, For nasty water does not tend

Towards connubial bliss. And if the citizen a t h omt:

Is always in a fuss, He writes a Jetter to t h e press

And blames it all on us.

Counc . .F.

It seems to me that all the woes in this " sad vale of tears "

Are brought before our notice every week And everybodr thinks that all their worries

and the1r cares Must be " footed" by the C<:>uncil, so to

speak.

Counc. C.

\Ve must give our best attention to the matter now in hand,

For we've heard the same complaints as these before ;

And when any healthy fellow Finds his tea is blue or yellow,

Can we blame him, Mr. Mayor, for being sore?

Mayor.

As a man who is fond of a cup of good tea (With one lump of sugar and milk),

I freely admit that I feel quite a bit For him and for all of h1s ilk.

COll1lC. A.

By unanimous vote, let us drop him a note, And tell him to be of good cheer;

The water, I'm srrre, will be freshened and pure

\'\"hen we send up our kind engineer.

Secrefar_J'.

Here's a letter again from our friend in the east

Of the city, who wishes once more To remind us about all the letters he wrote,

He hints we do nothing but snore. lie wants all the systems extended a bit,

And he says, " Will you kindly make haste, For it's over a year since I wrote to you first,

Anrl time is too precious to waste."

Counc. B.

Ab, well! \Ve have plenty of business on hand Of impor tance, so tell him to wait;

Such matters as these, If the Councillors p lease,

Can stand till a s u bsequent date .

Dear Sir, Secretary reads :

I must tell you the people up here Say the lights are excessively poor;

In fact after darkness sets in it is hard Very often to reach your own door.

A motor car almost upset me last week And I threatened the man with the law,

But he knew he was safe in the gloom of the night.

So he gave me the merry guffaw. I therefore request that we have better lights

That the automobiles we may see, And sue them for damages once in a while

On paying our lawyers a" V."

Count:. D·

Whatever is right and whatever is wrong In this land of the brave and the free,

:::--<o man should be stopped or be hindered at all

From paying his lawyer a fee.

Mayor.

I a m s u re t h at the wish of the councillors is That attention be given to-morrow

To the earnest request in this letter contained And soothe o u r petitioner's sorrow.

There are many other letters and petitions by the score,

But we cannot think of sitting here too late; \Ve had better pass the pay-r olls and do other

work like that, And all the other thingabobs can wait.

The pay rolls being passed all join in

CI,OSING CHORUS:

Who can deny that we really try To do the best we can

In every way by night and day To help onr fellow man;

Our funds are not exactly what The citizens require

To have in hand, but understand That all of us aspire

To better times when countless dimes Will in ou~ coffers flop,

When these days come, we ' ll make things hum,

And run a better shop.

Counc. C.

For it's hard to be merry and bright, tra Ia, \Vhen we have to sit here every night.

Couuc. D.

And hustle and hurry and bustle and worry And find then that nothing goes right.

All:

So we hope for the best i11 the future, And trust it has good things in store ;

But as matters are now we reluctantly bow To the fates-and what men can do more.

lt you keep up your peeker, you'll learn to believe

That the future is hopeful and bright

Secretary. And now we must say in our heartiest way

That we bid you a friendly "Good Night!"

All.

In a much higher key and with kind regards we

Also wish you a friendly " Good Night !"

(CURTAIN).

C H R I S T M A S B E L L S -- 8

Gelebrate «hristmas. TH E CRADLE UNSHADOWED BY THE CROSS .

By Alex. A . Parsons. J.P .

" Again at Christmas did we weave The holly round the Christmas hearth; The silent snow possess'd the earth,

And calmly fell on Christmas Eve."

~HE day of days-the only day of its kind in the calendar ~ ~ -the day that of all d<l:ys appeals to the l<l:rg~t class of ~ minds, by reason of tts haEowed assoctatwns, fond

memories, social popularity, and charitable impulses­CHRISTlviAS DAY-again invites us to celebrate it.

\Vith son1e persons. the day that commemorates our Saviour's death is held as more important than the day which celebrates His birth. Without desiring to compare things that obviously differ, it remains to say that, while the latter anni\·ersary is weighted with greater solemnity, because of its human suffer­ings and our human sympathies therewith, the former anni­versary is not of inferior importance on that account. As the greater includes the less, the Nativity of the Messiah includes his gracious and glorious decease, and invests that otherwise all-joyous occasion with sober and momentous interest-jnst as the Divine natnre of Messiah invests Him, from the earliest days, with an ever-present consciousness of the great penulti­Jnate purpose for which He bad come, and of the long lane of sorrow which led up to it. In fact, with His divine vision and sympathetic nature the daily life-suffering of our Saviour mttst have been to Him a perpetual crucifixion.

But all things in season ! With infinite patience and con­sideration, we are presented with the Cradle unsbadowed by the Cross. The angels rejoice at l\iessiah's birth, and sing, not of Death, but of Life and Peace. The after events of that Life, ever present to the eye of Omniscience, are only permitted to unfold themselves in natnral order, and without any dark shadow to forecast their coming. In all this there was no in­dulgence to the dear Son whose eyes first opened in Bethlehem, and no departure from the general modes of Divine operation. With superstitious vulgarity we often try to fill in the spaces of Heaven's ''simple plan " with our encumbering traditions; but the Divine way is always the best. Hence, we celebrate Christmas with joy, and claim it as the best day of all.

Th,e Sabbath was made for man, and the Sabbath is a good day, none the less good becattse it occurs every week. But the Sabbath is commemorative of much more than the Sa,·iour's birth, or death, or resurrection. As a Divine chronos, indeed, the Sabbath antedates the Incarnation, and has never been al­tered by it, the views of our friends the Seventh Day Adven­tists to the contrary notwithstanding. It celebrates the long pause which marked the cosmic periou when Order was born, and Law enthroned, and the Great Architect ''rested from His labour '' and laid aside His creative energy. It speaks to us more directly of the Eternal Father than of the Personal Son, or rather of the Godhead in the undivided capacity. Hence we find that Messiah never altered the Sabbath Day. He only humanized and hallowed it.

But Christmas is not a feast of obligation! Certainly not. It would be a great pity if it were. To make it so would be like asking a man to celebrate his own birthday. In that con­sists its freshness, spontaniety and charm. It is always fresh and charming, except when we burden it with '' will offerings,'' or encumber it \Yitb complex social observances it was never intended to bea;. Christ in a palace: Christ with au aureole: Christ in purple and fine linen : Christ regnant, in short, is not the Christ that Christmas celebrates, or is intended to celebrate. The sublimated Babe of Bethlehem may be as good a Christ, or better, for ought we know, than the original. What we have to say in this connection is that he is not tlze Christ- that's all.

Christianity is now professed by about four hundred millions of people. The Buddhists number another four hundred mil­lions ; the Brahmins and Mohammedans together about four hundred millions more, while of the remai n ing two hu n dred and forty millions of people completing t he world's inhabitants, the original Jews n n mber on ly seven millions. It will thus be seen that the birt h of Messiah is celebrated by slightly over one-fourth of the world's inhabitants.

Are the other three-fou r t hs ·without r eligion, or withou t such comforts a n d h elps as true religion is able to affor d ? By no means. The Divine order rules a n d governs the great Mon-

golian race, with its six hundred and thirty millions, as well as the Aryan race, to which we belong, and the Negroes and Hot­tentots of South and Central Africa. A thousand millions of these people have religions of their own : religions to which they are as tenderly and intelligently attached as we to ours; and, for the most part, this great majority of the human family are as untouched by Christianity, in its religious aspect, as they were nineteen hundred years ago. Their religions are probably to them a source of daily cheer, a fountain of strength and con­solation, an incentive to good living and noble liYcs, just as ours is, or ought to be, to us. And, further, it is probable that many of the good fruits of an elevated and bene\·olent faith arc, in these people, developed in a thousand pleasing and delightful forms.

What then? Is there anything in such a fact to cast a shadow upon our Christmas or to diminish the value of Salem's Messiah? Not in any wise . To say so would be to think in much less complimentary terms of the Great Being who over­rules all, than He deserves, and to limit and foreshorten our own views of His present and future government of men. We need not undervalue the Fatherhood of the Deity-that universal Fatherhood which, according to Pope,

" Sees with equal eye, as Lord of all, A hero perish, or a sparrow fall,"

in order to exal t our conception of that special development of the Fatherhood which sent us a Redeeming Son. On the con­trary, it is, or should be, a matter of comfort to us that while this '' considerable number of persons,'' who do not belong to our Communion, continu e to live, and move, and have their existence, the great \vorld and Being above us both, supplies to them such sort of spiritual relationship as serves to cheer, nourish and enrich their lives, and aid them in performing that part in the great theatre of action which they do perform under the oversight and control of a reigning deity.

If space permitted I might take occasion to ask wherein the essential qualities of true religion do and do not exist, and in what particulars we may '' thank God '' that we are neither Jews, Turks, nor Brahmins, but have, in Christianity, a religion that will compare favourably with theirs. Meanwhile, it may be cheering to ns to remember that a religion that began more than nineteen hundred years ago with a minority of one in Bethlehem, and that one, at the time, by no means a very fvrmidable or promising founder or ''defender of the faith,'' has since agglomerated at the rate of 100,000 persons a year, until its various regiments can now send forth an army of 400,-000,000 strong; and groviTing, too! Yes, under the baby-banner, '' stained with no crimson, and quartered with no crown,'' the legions of the Cross girdle the globe with their numbers and shake the earth w ith their tread. :No Yisible crescent guides their footsteps into the way of peace, and no visible cross, at the head of their column, strikes terror and death into the hearts­of their enemies. No, their mission is to sa,·e . To sow the germs of peace by every flowing river. To bind up the broken heart, and make the poor man sing for joy. According to their Constitution and Creed-

" They want 110 flag, 110 flaunting rag, for Liberty to fight; They want no blaze of murclerous g-uns, to struggle for the right; Their spears and swords are printed words, the mind their battle-plain; They've won such victories before,-and so they shall again.

"They yield to none in earnest love of Freetlom's cause sublime; They join the cry •' Fraternity,'' they keep the march of Time; And yet they grasp not pike nor spear, their victories to obtain; They've won without their aid before,-and so they shall again!"

PRESENT LOCATION UNKNOWN.

A caller stopped at the house of a certain man and asked if he was at hotne . '' 'Deed an' be's not,'' replied the woman who answered the ring. ''Can you tell me where he is?'' '' I co u ld not.'' ''When did you see him last?'' ''At his funeral.'' ''And who may you be?" "I'm his remains," said the widow, and she closed t h e door.

CHRISTMAS BELLS-9

~HE relation and embellishment of the romantic incidents i ~ of the good old Colonial days have ever proved to be ~ veritable gold mines for the historians and romancists

of the neighbouring Continent. The Old Dominion, Maryland, Massachussetts Bay, and other parts of the Colonies supplied a constant stream of pilgrims to the Homeland, some of whom were commonplace and uninteresting; whilst others, such as the Colonial dames, with their dignity and furbelows ; the coquettish maidens, with their uncommon beauty and fascinating wiles; and the dandy, with his lace and ruffles-now aping some beau about town, or making records in one or other of the fash­ionable gambling clubs of that day, or participating in a bit of sword-play at the break of dawn in some cloistered arena-ftun­ished the gossips of the time with spicy morceaux at Almack's, White's, or the coffee houses, and the novelists of to-day with interesting and highly-coloured material.

Newfoundland , too, has had its romances, and when the historian arrives, he will find abundanl: data for the seeking, with which to weave tales as romantic as any of those of the sister colonies.

In the good old days, around the Christmas hearth, before the ''minds of the people were disturbed '' with cheap maga­zines and sensational newspapers, rnany a thrilling tale was told, and it is to the irrem.ediable loss of our local literature, that no ·ready scribe was at hand to record and preserve them for those leisured ones to come, who will have time and inclination to delve into the picturesque in our early history, while the sordid and obvious will take care of themselves.

Of all places in Newfoundland, perhaps Fogo Island is the very last, where one would turn to look for the setting for a romance. Yet here it was that a maid was born over a century ago who turned the heads of the beaux of both England and France, and was at last wooed and won by one of the most picturesque figures of his day, that gallant aud immortal Irish­man, Lord Edward Fitzgerald.

Tradition has it that Nancy, or as she is known to history, ]?amela Simms, was born in Fogo. It would be interesting to know if any record of her birth or early life exists in her al . leged birthplace.

It is recorded that Madame De Genlis who was her P~?tector and sponsor, declared her to have been the daughter of an Englishman who settled at Fogo Island, off the northeastern coast of Newfoundland. ''

But her rare beauty and accomplishments, her noble bearing and fascinating manners were such that the declaration that she was of obscure parentage was doubted in her own time and has not yet been definitely or satisfactorily settled.

Was Pamela, the daughter of a poor Fogo widow, or a scion of the Royal House of France, is a question that has caused much discussion, and will cause more before the historians will arrive at a decisive answer.

Mr. Thornton Hall, in Modern Society, contributes the latest and most interesting account of the pseudo Fogo girl, and it is reproduced here for the benefit of our readers who are in­terested in this old, but ever-green, Newfoundland romance.

''Who was Pamela-that child of mystery and romance whose life story adds to the annals of our Peerage as one of its most fascinating and pathetic chapters ?

When her childish laughter was first heard in the nursery of the Due de Chartres (later Due d 'Orleans) , and her fairy figure, with flushed face and flying curls. was seen racing along the corridors of the Palais Royal, no one in all the palace, from the stately Mistress of the Robes to the youngest scullion, seemed to know whence she came or who she was. Who was this little English fairy of the golden hair, the dancing, blue eyes, and the merry laugh, who had come thus strangely into the Royal nursery to be the playmate of the Due's children; where had she come from, and what was her history? Such were the questions that passed from mouth to mouth, in salon and boudoir and kitchen alike.

There were many who whispered that she was the Due's own child. There could be little doubt about it; for was she not the exact image of her nursery playmates? Others decl"ared with equal certainty that her mother was none other than Mme. de Genlis, the governess of the Orleans children, and a favourite of the Due, whom, it was said, she could '' twist round her

little finger." And if Madame's child, probably also the Due's; for how otherwise could she have found such a welcome in his palace? And so it was settled to the satisfaction of all that, whoever she was, she had no doubt every right to be where she was.

Madame de Genlis, however, made no concealment about the n1atter. The child's presence in the palace nursery had, she said, the simplest and n1ost natural of explanations. She, as responsible for the Royal children's education, had decided that it would be well to introduce into the nursery a little English girl to share the studies and the games of her pupils, and this suggestion had the Due's cordial approval.

With this object she had sent Mr. Forth-one of the Due' s valets, and himself an Englishman-in quest of a suitable play­fellow. After much searching, Mr. Forth had discovered in Hampshire the very child for the purpose in the five-year-old daughter of a poor widow, of whom she told the following story: A few years earlier, Mary Simms, a girl of humble birth, had bec01ne the wife of a Mr. Seymour, a gentleman of good family, who had carried his pretty and low-bern bride off to Newfoundland. Two years or so later Mr. Seymour had died, and his ·widow found the utmost difficulty in supporting her­self and her child by her needle and any kind of menial work.

Such was her situation when, one day in 1777, Mr. Forth made the widow's acquaintance, and, struck by the beauty and winsomeness of her little daughter, succeeded at last, by liberal offers of money, and by painting a glowing picture of the child's future in a Royal palace, in persuading the hopeless mother to part with her girl. To make the transfer more complete Mrs. Seymour bound her daughter as '' apprentice '' to Mn1e. de Genlis, until she came of age, and signed an agreement to this effect.

Such was the plausible explanation vouchsafed by Madame to the sceptics of the presence of the new playmate in the Royal nursery-an explanation which was received with smiles of in­credulity, and, it is to be feared, only served to feed the flames of scandal. The more or less mythical '' Nancy Simms '' of the Hampstead village ceased to exist, and '' Patnela'' came to bring sunshine and laughter into the Palais Royal.

And seldom, if we are to believe contemporary accounts , has a palace had so sweet and bright an inmate as this English maid of doubtful history. She was such a creature as poets dream of-'' a woodland sylph, graceful as a fawn, wild as an elf, lovely as Titania.'' To resist the little witch was as impossible as to escape her impish tricks. And before she had been in the palace a month, everyone, from the Due downwards, was her very slave, proud to share her romps and to win a kiss from her pouting lips. Even Mme. de Genlis, who affected .to treat her new charge with indifference, was powerless to keep the child out of her heart. '' I was passionately fond of her,'' she confessed in later years.

That Pamela was ideally happy in her new home goes with­out saying ; that the adulation by which she was surrounded, from her playmates in the nursery to the great Court ladies, was powerless to spoil her nature, is much to her credit. As the happy years passed each added its touch of beauty and grace, until by the time she blossomed into young womanhood she was, by universal consent, the most beautiful and bewitch­ing girl in the whole circle of the Court of France. Many a high-placed lover sought her hand -the Due de Montpensier among the most ardent of them aU- but Pamela had no mind to exchange her freedom for any fetters, however golden.

And thus she kept her heart untouched - until '' Prince Channing" came her way, in the guise of Lord Ed ward Fitz­Gerald, son of his Grace of Leinster-the handsomest man, it was said, in all Ireland; a n1an, n1oreover, as brave and gifted as be was good looking. Where and when the young people first set eyes on each other is not known with any certainty ; but from that first meeting, sometime in 1792, their fate was sealed. It was love at a glance; and love until death.

In vain did Mme. de Genlis throw every possible difficulty in the way of the union. Where Pamela gave her heart, her hand must follow ; and thus it came to pass that one December day she took her stand before the altar at Tournay with the man to whon"l she so gladly surrendered heart and freedom.

A union so romantic could not fail to excite widespread interest, nor could it fail to revive the old speculation as to­Pamela's origin. The marriage contract, which is still pre­served in Tournay, recites the nuptials of '' Edward FitzGerald, son of the late Duke of Leinster, and Stephanie Caroline Anne Simn1s, known by the name of Pamela, aged 19 years , daughter of William Berkley and of Marie Simms.''

If this was the description of herself given by the bride, we have a striking contradiction of the story of her birth as given by Mme. de Genlis, who, it will be remembered, declared she was the daughter of a Mr. Sey·mou.r. That this official state­ment was not generally accepted is proved by the fact that the Masonic ll.fagazine for 1793 announced the wedding of '' the Hon. Lord Edward FitzGerald to Madame Pamela Capet,.

c H R I s T M A s B E L L s - IO

daughter of His Royal Highness the ci-devant Duke of Or­leans'' ; and Moore, in his ''Life of Lord Edward FitzGerald,'' says that ''Pamela was the adopted, or, as it may be said with­out scruple, the actual daughter of Mme. de Genlis by the Due d'Orleans." Thus we see the mystery of Pamela's birth remains at her marriage as impenetrable as when she first appeared in the Palais Royal nursery.

Pamela's n1.arriage wrought a great change in her life­from the splendours of a Royal Court to the frugal obscurity of '' love in a cottage'' with the husband of her heart. But she would gladly have bartered much more than she had lost for such happiness as was hers for the next five years- for the life which, she says, was ''more like a beautiful drean1. than a reality.''

It is a picture of idyllically-beautiful wedded life that Lord Edward discloses in his letters to his Duchess-mother during this halcyon period, when he and his lovely wife made their home in various parts of Ireland, from Kildare to Blackrock, near Dublin. Their home, in Mr. Conolly's Lodge in Kildare, Lord Edward describes as "a little Paradise . It has all the things that make beauty to me. My dear wife dotes on it and becon1.es it.''

At Blackrock the life was equally ideal-" a living poem;" and charming are the pictures he draws of their simple doings­" Pamela, busy in her little American jacket, planting sweet peas and mignonette, while I write to my dearest mother .... We carne last night, got up to a delightful spring day, and am now enjoying the little book-room with the windows open, hear­ing the little birds sing, and the place looking beautiful. ... ''

Such are glimpses of the sweet Arcadian life of our two lovers when, "the world forgetting, by the world forgot," they lived but for each other and the little one who came to crown their happiness and to fill their cup of bliss to overflowing. Pity that these sunny days could not last to the end. But there was a restless strain in FitzGerald's blood which even his passion for his wife and child and the home sanctuary could not keep in subjection, and which was to prove his undoing.

The stirrings of political discontent lured him away from the peace of his home and the sweet comradeship of his wife to the meetings of the Society of United Irishmen. He was tempted to take a leading part in a scheme for a French invasion of Ireland; and when the bubble burst, and his life was in danger, he had to seek safety in flight.

Over the heartrending sequel to this fatal folly, which brought the edifice of his happiness tumbling about his-and his wife's­ears, we must pass briefly. For a time, he found a safe asylum in Dublin, whither his devoted wife followed him, finding a lodging for herself and child near Merrion-square; and thither FitzGerald would often steal, under the friendly cover of the darkness, to spend an hour with the woman whon1. he loved n1.ore than life itself, and to mingle his tears with hers over the cradle of their sleeping infant. Even the anguish and terror of these stolen meetings could not rob them of their sweetness.

But these fearful joys could not last long, with the blood­hounds so keen on the "traitor's" track. FitzGerald's hiding­place was at last discovered; and one night the door of his room was burst open to let in a posse of soldiers, resolute at any cost to secure him. But FitzGerald was not the man to be easily captured, even with such fearful odds against him. With his back to the wall, and dagger in baud, he fought with the courage of despair. One after another his would-be captors fell before the deadly thrust of his dagger. But the odds were too great. He was overwhelmed, flung down, and secured, and, with the blood ebbing from half-a-dozen wounds, was carried off to the Castle. When he was asked by the Lord-Lieutenant if he had any n1.essage to send to his wife, he gasped, ''Nothing, nothing! But, oh, break this tenderly to her.''

On learning her husband's fate Pamela's anguish was heart­rending. She begged piteously to be allowed to share his prison and to nurse him. She sold all her little possessions, even the rings from her fingers, and offered her last penny as a bribe to his gaolers. But all in vain. She was not even permitted to see the man for whom she would so gladly have laid down her life. The crowning blows fell when she was peremptorily or­dered to leave Ireland, and when, a week or so later, news came that. her husband had died from his wounds.

''Her agonies of grief,'' says the Duke of Richmond, who broke the news to her, '' were very great, and violent hysterics soon catne on. But by degrees she grew more caln1 at times; and although she has had little sleep and less food, and still has nervous spastns, yet I hope and trust her health is not materially affected.''

The latter years of Pamela's life were as clouded with sorrow and tragedy as her early years had been full of sunshine. After a time spent under the hospitable roof of the Duke of Richmond, she made her home in Hamburg, where her lonely and desti­tute condition led her to the altar a second time-with a wealthy banker called Pitcairn. But this union, against which heart

and body alike rebelled, proved one long misery ; and not many years later we find the unhappy woman living obscurely at Tou­louse, where she spent the last eleven years of her life.

Here she seems to have· found some solace- in her loneliness and sorrow- in acts of kindness and charity (such charity as her poor purse could provide) to her humble neighbours.

Eighty years have gone since the heroine of this strange story closed her weary eyes on a world which had given her so much joy and so much unmerited sorrow; and for eighty years she has been sleeping her last sleep at Montmartre under a modest tonl.b­stone, which bears but one word-as inscrutable to-day as when its owner made the Palais Royal ring with her childish laughter, and when her golden curls were seen flying along the palace corridors-the word PAMELA.

O'he :Irish Guard. By Payson J. Kinsella.

THE Kingdom's massive door lay closed and fast, Sealed by its golden lock, and fastenings done;

St. Peter sighed reJ.ief: "Thank Heaven at last The rush is o'er, and now to take a run,

For the mind grows weary with such constant worry; But yet, if someone came and he not present,

Reports might reach inside, and in a hurry, And that, to say the least, would be unpleasant."

E'en now a stranger cometh up the way, The Saint remarking that he walked with leisure;

He hummed a cheerful tune, one of the day, A levity the Saint judged with displeasure.

And then St. Peter bailed him from the gate, "Get on a move, young man, 'tis getting late."

"Now, sir, what do you want, the deuce, let's hear, Be brief, I'm off to get a little air."

"I want to know, Sir, if St. Patrick's in ?" The strRnger said, "You see, I'm up from Dublin,

He'll see me right enough, just mention' Tim,' An' afther that 'I'll need no further troublin.' "

And at this crude conceit the fellow winked, St. Peter felt quite vexed, and told him flat That if he'd keep from trouble, get from that.

"Or hold," the saint commanded, " let's agree, I'll do this thing you want, if you for me Will guard this gate an hour, and for none Dare open yonder lock, not e'en to see Yourself what lies beyond; my son, Be very careful, or I may repent Such privilege to an Irishman had lent." He passed the key an<l spoke a few words more, Then left the Dublin man to guard the door.

A little while had passed, Tim felt elate, "'Tis grand," he thought, "this job upon the gate;" " 'Tis foine," and so it was, " but why not open

And take a peep inside the golden portal ?" A moment's thought, 'twas done, the gate swung wide, Tim's courage waned, but yet be looked inside; The next, he sought to lock the door again, He failed. Again be tried, but tried in vain.

Distracted now, be saw his action fullv, The wrong, the meanness, and the promise broke,; Which he had made St. Peter, not to open.

Once more he tried the door, this time in terror But no, it would not close. 'Twas plain to Tim, That now he'd have to summon aid within; With this in view be looked inside, and, lo, The vision wrapt his soul in splendor's awe:

He gazed around, the music grand and slow Called forth his native love for song and air, But for tbat door, he could be happy there.

At last his heart beat fast and glad, for there-There-sitting midst that splendid host enthrall'd,

He saw Jn's Saint, the best loved of them all, St. Patrick-now be felt that he was safe, For well he knew, he'd keep him close that gate,

St. Patrick-aye, e'en angels dare not seek To stop Tim's inward way, to where his own Beloved Patrick sat upon his throne.

He passed up to the Saint-Ah, who can tell His soul's great courage then-his superb faith ,

He clasped his band, " St. Patrick, Sir, I'm Tim; FoR HIVIN'S SAKE, SIR, COME AND CLOSE THE GATE?"

* They closed the gate secure, St. Patrick knew Just how that door was worked, and then he said, " Tim, Tim, you disobe:ved, now that is hard, They'll never tru,;t an 'Irish hand' to guard ; " Tim winked, and such a wink, and then with glee Replied, "THAT'S WHY YOU HAVEN''£ GOT THE KEY."

Supplement to uCHRISTMAS BELLSu

Pulp and Paper Mill at Grand Falls The Dam-Grand Falls Photo by Lyon

Residence, Lord Northcliffe's, Grand Falls Photo by L-yon Deer Stalkers Camps, at Howley Photo bv Parsons

An Old Time Sealer Photo by Hollowa:y Camps at Quidi Vidi, after Fire of 1892 Photo b.v Parso11s

.Fishing Schooners, St. John's Photo by Holloway Port au Port Photo by Hotloway

CHRISTMAS

J!.)ow tiJe JSrtgt. "~robtbence" Went to · tfJe ~ealfisfJerp from JLtsbon.

By H . F. S hortis.

I T is always a source of pleasure to me to recount the deeds of daring, heroism and perseverance of our fellow­countrymen in the days of long ago. The people of Carbonear have just cause to feel proud of the prowess

and heroism of their forebears. They were a daring and hardy race. From time im.memorial they were a sea-faring people. Their lives were spent upon the water, and their whole ex­istance may be justly said to have been a continual battle with the elements.

It is no wonder then that such a race of men should have handt::d down to their children that heritage of bravery and indomitable courage which has always been so conspicuous a trait in the character of the men of Carbonear.

Carbonear takes a unique and proud place in the history Qf our country. To her belongs the distinguished honour of beiug able to say, they n ever were conquered . When every Qther section of the island had fallen before the superior forces of the enemy, the men of Carbonear stood firm and fought with a grim determination, disputing every inch of ground, and so -determined was their bravery that they came out of the ordeal without having to submit to the yoke of the enemy. This was on the occasion of the memorable defence of Carbonear Island in the year 1696. This is an exploit, which if it hap­pened in any other country would be a subject to call forth the highest encomiums from the pen of the historian, and the names of the men who figured in that historic drama would be handed down to posterity, and a glorious place assigned them in the Temple of Fame.

Amongst the families of Carbonear there are none who bear a higher reputation for bravery, skill and perseverance than the Taylors. From the very early days of our history they were to be found amongst our most fearless and capable master mariners, and have always been identified with the two greatest Qf our industries- the cod and seal fisheries. Away back in the nineteenth century we find them the owners and commanders Qf vessels prosecuting the fisheries with the greatest enterprise and success.

It was Capt. Henry Taylor of the brigantine Elizabeth who first thought of and put into his vessel, false beams, as well as the first to use iron sheathing to enable his ship to contend with the ice floes. He had two brothers, Richard who com­manded the brigantine john, and William who was owner and master of the Fortitude.

I may here state that it was a man named Grant of Sahn.on Cove, Bay-de-Verde, who was the first to build up the pounds or compartments in his vessel in which to stow the seals. Up to his time the seals were carried in bulk, and an accident which occurred to Grant's vessel was the cause of his adopting the new plan of pounding off his little ship. In the early part of the past century Grant was returning from the sealfishery with a fairly good trip of seals and when near his own set­tlement the vessel was struck by a heavy squall of wind, thrown on her beam ends and the cargo shifting, she turned over, but, fortunately, the crew were successful in saving them­selves by holding on to the vessel or whatever floating material that was within reach. Their friends from the shore who wit­nessed the accident quickly launched boats, went to their as­sistance and brought them safely to land. It was after this accident that the idea occurred to Grant to pound off his vessel, which he accordingly did, and , as I have been told, all others followed his example.

I mention these little items thinking that they will interest the thousands of readers of the BELLS during the Christmas season, and show to the descendants of those pioneers that the pluck, perseverance and nautical skill of their ancestors have not been forgotten. But it is to tell of an adventure of a very different nature that I pen these lines for the CHRISTMAS BELLS for 1911, an adventure which stands unique in the history of the sealfishery in our country, and which would require the gifted pen of a Clark Russell or a Marryat to do full justice to the occasion. However, I shall put forth my best efforts to make the subject interesting and give the readers of the present day some idea of the dauntless courage, skill and love of adventure which characterized the great vikings of the early clays when their whole thoughts were centered on the icefields and anxiously waited for the time to be amongst the wbitecoats, never really at home until the stonn was at its highest, and the bergs were visible around them. Snch was their skill and con­tempt for danger that they even made the d r eaded icebergs a source of security by mooring their ships to them and holding their own in the running ice as cool and collected as if tlley were at their own fireside at borne. With these few prefatory

BELLs- II

remarks I shall now tell the story of ''How the brigantine Provi­dence went to the seal fishery from Lisbon, Portugal.' '

Capt. Frank Taylor, of Carbonear, was master of the brig­antine Providence and one of the most successful and resourceful commanders that ever sailed out of Newfoundland.

In the winter of 1837 the Taylors of Carbonear had about 2500 qtls. of fish held over for the spring, but hearing of exceptionally high prices offered at Lisbon they were greatly tempted to market it, fearing that prices might slump before long.

Our hero, Frank Taylor, volunteered to go across in the brigantine Providence with it. He recognized that his chances of prosecuting the sealfishery that spring were very slim, as it was almost an impossibility to get back to Carbonear in time to fit out for the "swoils."

He made up his mind there was one chance for him and that was to fit out the vessel at once and take all his guns and gear with him and endeavour to return home on the back of the ice before the fishery was over. He did this and took twenty picked men with him, and it is needless to say he chose able and willing hands to drive the old vessel for all she was worth.

After a good run across he sighted land in the latitude of the Bay of Biscay. He was met at once by a French man-of-war who was then in search of a Barbary Rover who had done a lot of damage to French shipping. This man-of-war boarded him. and finding an ext ra large crew of men, made search of the hold and found guns for every man and a large supply of ammunition.

There was no use of Captain Frank Taylor giving any ex­planation, they only laughed at the thought of his going to the sealfishery and considered it a joke he was trying to play on them.

Capt. Frank saw it was all up with him, and his only regret was that he had not offered fight to this d-- Frenchman from the first, as he felt sure with his able crew be could have kept them off. Anyhow they were aboard of him now, took them all prisoners and carried them into Brest as pirates.

Capt . Taylor at once got into communication with the British Ambassador at Paris, who, fortunately, recognized that Captain Taylor was telling him the truth and like a true-born Briton he came to Brest at once to the relief of our hero.

It was only by very intricate diplomacy that he managed to convince the Frenchman that they had made a mistake, and proved to them by the 2500 quintals codfish on board that this vessel was on a voyage from Newfoundland to a European market, and eventually secur ed the liberty of the brigantine Providence and her crew.

Capt. Taylor continued his voyage to Lisbon and sold his fish at an excellent price. Any ordinary person would have been daunted by these delays and glad to take it easy getting home. It was uow very near the first of March and Captain Taylor addressed his hardy crew and told them there was still time to get a load of seals. He told them be had never missed a spring at the ice since he was twelve years of age, and the fire was in his blood now when be thought of all the folks at Car­bonear getting ready for the slaughter. He was not going to miss it that year if they would only work like he was ready to do hin1self. \Vitb such a leader what was a crowd of New­foundlanders going to do, but to say. they were with him to the last and would carry the masts out of her if she did not get there in time?

They now set out from Lisbon for the sealfishery with the best wishes of their Portuguese friends and probably a good jar to keep their feet warm.

It was a hard voyage back, and many a time they had her rail under, but their spirits revived when they reached the lati­tude of the Funks, near the first of April, just in time to meet the seals drifting south, as they had been caught in Green Bay that spring.

It shows how success will c01ne to those who work for it, and fortune favors the brave. While it was no easy work for the men now, still everything came their way, and although it seen1s incredible, those twenty men secured 5560 seals and brought the old ship Providence safely into St. John's.

Here is one little incident that many might not think worth relating, but as I vouch for the truthfulness of all, I want to show how exact Capt. Taylor was in all be tried to do. He hailed for 5560 and only turned out 5559, but on investigating he found that the crew bad rendered out the fat of one seal to trim their lamps.

We 1nay be sure that Capt. Taylor's exploits were related in every store and office round St. John's, and he was the hero of the clay. Such a voyage to the seal:fishery had never been heard of before or since.

I am not sure whether it was in the old Chamber of Com­merce or not, but anyhow the mercantile body in St. John's had a special meeting for Captain Taylor, praised his pluck, det ermination and adroitness in bringing success out of what appeared to be cer tain failu re. They presented him with a silk

CHRISTMAS BELLs-- I2

Union Jack with their compliments, as a souvenir of his famous exploit.

In conclusion I have to acknowledge with many t~anks that I received the facts of this story from the manuscnpt of my late venerable life-long friend Claud~ us W~tts, Esq., o~ Harbor Grace. I may here state that there IS a nune of h1stoncal facts to be gathered from that source still.

Modern conditions have eliminated the dangers of the seal­fishery to a great extent, but the ~uccess of our hardy fishermen who carried on this fishery dunng the . first half of th.e past century will ever remain one of the glo_nes connected with our history of which the men of ConceptiOn Bay took the most prominent part.

If we take a retrospective view much could be said and writ­ten and we can now form some idea of the onward march of PrC:gress and Civilization and the mark~d manner . in which Science has left its impress upon succeedmg generatwns,_ fro~? the days of Captain Frank Taylor's memorable and his~onc voyage in the good ship Providence to _our Stej:Jhar:-os, Flortzels, Adventures, Beothics and the other leviathans wh1cb prosecute the sealfishery at the present day.

my Q:onsort Ship. By A. J. W. McNelly, K.C.

Nee tinntit prcceipiten1 Afri c unl Decertantetn Aquilonibus. Nee tristes Hyades, nee rabien1 Noti.

HOR. OD. lib. I. C. 3.

I.

Tht! cloud-flecked heavens were bright; a favour-ing galt! .

Sung in our cordage, and our hearts beat h1gh, That golden day in June when we s_et sail

Out on Life's sea, my Consort-Sh1p and I. Joyous we watched the coursing billows fly

Backward, toward the Isle of Long Ago; Ah Gorl! that far-off Isle was then so nigh

That the warm land-breeze wafted us its glow.

The landscape faded from our wistful sight, 'I.Ve lost the land we never more might find;

Still sailed we on towards the Harbour Light­\Vheu suddenly a rushing mighty wind

Smote my swet!t Consort, and has borne her far Beyonrl my gaze, within the Harbour Bar.

II.

And now I sail alone . The nights are <lark.

The clays are lowering, and a sullen sea St!ethes over me; but no com pan inn bark

Shall share the darkness or the day with me No signal pennons waft their sympathy,

No lights flash out their messages of chee1 ; I ([rift towards the Great Infinity,

Whilst under darkling skies my course I steer.

But though for many a weary league I fare, And many a solitary vigil keep,

Yet shall I find my gallant Consort where O'erpast are all the perils of the deep;

'Mid the far mystic Islands of the Blest, In the Fair Haven of Eternal Rest.

L'ENVO I. (By D. Carroll.)

'Tis dawn upon the <leep-the night is past, Tht! weary voyaging thro' the gloom is o'er,

And now he sights his Consort-Ship at last And in the offing looms th' Eternal Shore,

Henceforth they'll sail together evermore. Their course by verdant isles of beauty cast

O'er seas of God's delight; thro' cycles vast, 'I.Vhere Powers and Saints and Seraphim adore.

But we have lost. The while his lonely sail

Swung in our view and sought the longed-for light,

His call oft thrilled us, as the heart'ning hail Of the brave mariner across the night,

His sea-swept brothers, when the storm-drift flies,

And pilotless they toss 'neath starless skies.

lThe author of ''l\1y Con~ort-Ship," A. J, '-V. 1\lcNeiJy, Esq., K.C .. -wrote tbe~e ,-erses on the death of his e::oteemed wife. Jessie McNeily. ln October. 1911. Mr. l\fcNeily die~. and Mr D . Carroll adds the two last verses, and thus heauti­fully and appropriately finishes the poem.-Ens.]

Bally naley Golf Q:ountry Q:lub.

and

~HE grounds and club house owned by the above asso­~ ~ ciation of local ladies and gentlemen are ones of which ~ any city with many more pretensions than St. John's

might well be proud, and we venture to state that few Golf Clubs in the world can boast of more beautiful scenery than can be seen on a fine day from many points in the club's grounds. The Bally Haley estate is one of the oldest in the suburbs of St. John's and was owned originally, as the name implies, by the Haley family.

Mr. Haley O'Grady Hutton was probably the last connected with that family who resided on the estate, and his figure is still fresh in the m.emory of even the present younger generation. It is interesting to remember that Mr. Haley O'G. Hutton was one of the founders of the old Golf Clnb when first golf was started on LeMarchant Road. We venture to think that he would be surprised indeed if he returned to St. John's to-day and visited the Bally Haley Club. Let us take a walk round with him and see what he would discover.

The first thing noticeable when driving along the Logy Bay Road is the beautiful club house perched on a knoll in front of a thick grove of trees. Before reaching the house we turn off from the main road up a private road (the club's own property) running through a beautiful avenue of trees which on a fine summer's day are simply alive with birds. We turn out of this avenue (which is certainly an ideal approach to a country club) and pass close to the fine Bowling and Croquet lawns and the gravel Tennis Courts before reaching the club house. The club house itself is indeed a luxurious one and contains on the ground floor a large general room for use of the members of both sexes, and two smaller rooms, one for the use of the lady m.embers only and the other for the use of the men as a smoking-roonL On the ground floor also are the locker rooms where the golf clubs and other paraphernalia are kept and where each member has his own private locker.

There is a spacious verandah round three sides of the house upon which, on fine sumn1er afternoons, teas are served and thoroughly enjoyed in the open air. On the floor above are sit­uated the dining-room, kitchen, committee room, head steward's room and other private apartments. The dining-room leads to a balcony from which a perfectly magnificent view is obtainable of the back of the city, a piece of Quidi Vidi Lake and two glorious '' peeps '' of the broad Atlantic Ocean. We don't hesitate to say that no more lovely view exists in Newfound­land and perhaps nowhere else. And now as to the purposes of the club: The grounds, which altogether comprise about 280 acres, were purchased outright a few years ago for the purpose of affording encouragement of open air exercise so necessary to health. No one that has not played golf can appreciate the beautiful energy afforded by a round on the links. The game is one that engrosses the attention of the player to such an extent that he does not realize that be is taking a three or four mile walk. A full round on the links takes the average player two hours, and in that time it is almost safe to say that every n1uscle in his body is exercised. There are very few corners in the world now where this healthy game is not played, and that too by people of all classes.

Besides golf, however, the Baliy Haley Club provides for those who have not yet caught the golf fever, and lawn tennis (on gravel courts) ; bowls and croquet is indulged in regularly by members of both sexes. A kind Yisitor from Halifax pre­sented the club this year with a set of quoits, a game of great skill much played in Halifax, and it is expected to prove an additional attraction to the Bally Haley members next year.

Besides games, however, the club is fostering an interest in Natural History and Agriculture. A nice beginning has been made in the forn1er department by a collection of our native birds, about which so little is generally known, and the Natural History Committee does not intend to rest until a stuffed speci­men of eYery bird that inhabits Newfoundland has been pro­cured. The club is trying to do its share also to help along agriculture by sheep breeding, and has this year imported from Prince Edward Island about fifty picked ewes, and from Eng­land two magnificent Cheviot rams, and hopes within a very few years to provide for a flock of 300 prime sheep of an increasingly superior breed. \Vith this in viev.- an experienced shepherd has been engaged from Cumberland , England, and is now in charge of the flock. J.

The proofreader of a small middle-western daily was a woman of great precision and extreme propriety. One day a reporter succeeded in getting into type an item about "Willie Brown, the boy who was burned in the West End by a live wire.'' On the following day the reporter found on his desk a frigid note asking, "Which is the west end of a boy?" It took only an instant to reply: '' The. end the son sets on, of course.''

Supplement to "CHRISTMAS BELLSn

St. Paul's Inlet . Photo by Hortoway St. Paul's Inlet P h oto by Hoffoway

Botwood Photo by Lyon St. George's Pond Photo by L)IOn

Haym a king at Quidi Vid i Photo bv Parsons Boating, St. John's Harbor Photo bv Pm·sons

Cape Ray Mountains Photo b_v Parso11s Toads Cove Photo by Hofloway

CHRISTMAS

D ERE ye are now! \\'here ever were ye barn? Did yez nuvver hear tell uv de fuller dey called de proffin Wug­gi ns ? He wuz wan u v clem fullers up in Kennedy what did nawthin' else but consithurin de moon and

de sthars and de skies, and affer scroogin his eyes an' his face up onc't or twict, he'd tell dezactly how de wedder wuz goin to be for de nex six monts, clat's uv it didn't git out of order in de main time. Well nO\Y it wuz in de mont of Siptimber, az well az I kin recommember ; de year wuz de same wan that Billy Best ran betune de Kays in a storrum uv wind widout knowin' it until he saw de breakers and de rocks aich side uv him. "Breakers on de lee," sez wan; "Breakers to wun'ard," sez an nuder. Bill, as cool as a frozen herrin', sez "Let her go troo, byes; I taut I'd make de Kays."

Well-as I wuz sayin' whin I got off me coarse a bit-it wuz de same year, and the mont of Siptimber, whin ould Wuggins prented in a Kennedy paper clat dey sinds down frorn Mountral, clat dere wuz go in' to be turrible ructions durin de fall wid de elemins. Dey wuz goin' to hev sum artquakes in de most likely places, and dere wuz goin' to be hoorycanes uv wind in de West Ingees, de "\YllSS eyer knownt, and de wuss uv it wuz dat it wuz goin to make de ushun a bilin' pot, an' all de water wuz goin' to rush up de coast, and pile up mountainyus like, and sweep all de houses into de say. Uvrey budy what had a flake or a store. or a house just above de high water mark wuz to ~ook ·well to tryin' to save 'em fron1 de woeful say dat wuz to kun1 sum time in de mont of Novimber. \Veil, ye know, de papers wuz read all oYer de bay, and de great sthorm and the big flood wuz talked obout on de fishin ground and de jiggin' ground an' in de houses. Evry wun had his own varsion uv it; an' sum sed dat the waves wuz to be tin feet high, an' some sed dat dey were to be fifty feet. And az the talk went on it wuz like rollin' a big snow ball, an' it wuz get tin' bigger an' rnore scareful evry day, ad' be de sowkins hut de people could hardly go to der beds widout wonderin' would \Vuggins turn on his old storm before mornin'. Betune Siptimber and the fust uy Novimber dere wuz lots U\' people pnzzlin' dere brains an' planning to 'scape de big says. Son1e wuz afeard to let on what dey were goin' to do, an' sum purtended dat dey didn't blave it, an' cler wuz de nuvvers own mix up in sum uv de places.

In Isleavalijah de boys had great fun wid Jimmy Best, and dey made him blave cler' cl be no sal vas hun fur hes place uv de say cum at all. Jimmy wnz Yery consartecl in his mind. He'd set clown in de store and ruminate wid hisself until he'd hear Bridget cummin', den he'd busy himself wid doin' nuttin'. At last he tuk to goin' to de room and asken Mr. Dwyer and ould John Hanlon what dey tought uv de storm and how fur de water wuz likely to rize, an' dey sent him home shivverin' from top to toe. John Hanlon towld him he remimberecl when de wate<s went up as high as his house and tuk away an owld skuff clat was turned up for a cellar and kiverecl wid sods, and he advised him to anchor de house down. So Jimmy wint home and talked it over wid Bridget, an' when de last day ov October kum, as cartin as me name is Bob Martin, he tuk uvery ting out ov de boat and landed de chains, anchors and all de folderol belongin' to her. An' himself an' de man tuk her into de dock at de highest tide and blocked her up. Dare wuz a turrible high tide de first week in Novimber, an' de news kum out from Placenshe clat it wuz de beginnin'· ov Wuggins' starm. De water wuz clat high in dere dat one ov de laclin' min ov de place had to go wid a coclsine skeff to take his mudcler out ov de chapel, and de operators scooted up de sud-aist wid de tulagraph machin 'ry fur fear id get loss. Dat settled Jimmy Best, so he cleared out de sheep house up in de gulch and mecl a place fur hisself an' Bruclget. He got two anchors fixed clown on de shore side ov de house and he huv the chains and rode over de house and made 'em fass to the big bowlders be'hint. We all wuz helpin' him an' he clid'n tuk any account ov how wees wur goin' to git on so long as he was safet and de house clid'n blow up in de elemens. About de sukend wayke in Novimber de boys wuz havin' a dance into Sim Caul's, and Tommy Tibbo had jist kum home frum St. Pater's and brought a few bottles of aye water fur sum ov the lads. I wuz up to de bottom and he axed me if I'd bring a cupple of de cumferters over to Pat Galton, and sure I sicl I would, and I wuz very narly not cloin' it as de wimmun wot's allus busyboclyin' sid I drink it, but Tommy sid he'd thrust me. So Mick Caul and I got over de back ov the islan' in gucl shape and arrived down to his place jist as de dance begun. We had a hard tussel gittin' over de raach as dere wuz a starm ov wind frum de sud-aist and it wuz lookin' like de very nuvve. s fur bad wedder. " \Vhat do you tink ov it?" sez Sim to me, when we

BELLS- 13

got in, for it was den rainin' cats and clogs. "Tink ov !' ' sez I, "I tink dat oulcl Wuggins is takin' a. han' at de billers to­night, an' it icl be dt proper ting for all hans to be sayin' der prayers instud of dancin'." De girrels and byes sit up a shout and sicl I wuz as bad as Jimmy and Bridget Best. \Veil, we went hard at it; clere wuz plenty of fun and lashins ov drink and we dicl'n feel de wind, 'cause de house wuz sheltered under de hill. I disremember how it dazackly happened. I know clat Mike giv' me Pat's two bottles when I wuz la\·ing an' towld me I'd betther lave it till de marnin' to go to Pat's house, but I wuz bonn' to get 'em to Pat clat night fur fear dey mightin be clere nex' clay.

When I luff de gurils an' de byes at de bridge an' turned off to cross de little mash goin' up to Pat's,it wuz blowin' a reglar hoorycain, an' I wuz struggli n' along. Den I sot clown fer a time an' I \YUZ dat blown I consitherecl dat without sum help I'd nu"\Ter get up to Pat's. Afther much consitherin' , I taut I'd drink Pat's helt, an' de wind blew so hard dat I didn't know how much I'd drunk till de bottle wuz nearh· empty. At last I got underway agen, an' all at wonct somting happened, an' de water wuz risin' all roun' me, an' I couldn't git along a step. '' Oh, me bye,'' sez I, '' ould Wuggins has got ye at las', but if he has," sez I, "Ill drink his belt wid de lass drop in de bottle,'' an so I did. De water wuz up to me oxters den an' de last I knew I wuz spectin uvry minnit to feel de tide rooshin' over me. \Vell de nex morn in' I woke wid de shakin' an' puHin' dat Pat Galton wuz guvin me, and de cluvvil be frum me if I hadn't slipt in a boghole right beside de pat , an' wuz clere all night. I wuz mighty cowlcl and shi.,.·verin' lik a lafe wen Pat hauled me out; an' wun I gu....- him his bottle an', towlcl him I wuz bringin' it home to un, he tuk me up to de house an' I had de hight uv hospertaliry an' a good warm drink wid a stick in id. I didn't say a word about de udder bottle.

"\Vot about \Vuggins ?" \Veil, I didn't hear he did much wid his storm only frighten in' de people out m: clere senses : but it wuz an awful night.

~he Hbduction of ettiwa. B y C. T. James.

~IIAT the whole gawut of human passion can be stirred i ~ just as swiftly among the dwellers immediately with­~ out the confines of the Arctic Circle as among the more

favoured inhabitants of tropical latitudes, where the heat of the sun, the luxuriance of vegetation and the general dolce tar niente of living cause more of a turmoil in the red corpuscles, is a strong assertion, but one none the less incon­trovertible.

The love of desire and the desire of love is much the same all the world over, and even gay Lotharios and lo\'e lorn Romeos of 7 5Q north fall v;ctirns to the tender passion and use s~Fate­gies which need not be despised by the superior white man in order that the object desired may be gained.

Sometimes, alas! the results are not as anticipated, and the gallant swain discovers that he has carried off-not the Juliet of his dreams, but the Caliban of his nightmares; for they suffer from visitations of these nocturnal disturbers of slumber, do Eskimos, after eating too heartily of whale blubber at supper washed clown with copious and oft repeated draughts of lamp oil.

Ettiwa was the lovely daughter of Oksuk, a personage of some importance in his tribe, which dwelt anywhere and every­where according to the laws governing the food supply. Oksuk being somewhat of the disposition of Whang the Miller, looked upon his beautiful offspring as the most realisable asset in the family inventory, and as such he intended that her price as well as her virtue should be set beyond rubies, or whatever is the Eskimo equivalent.

Ettiwa, as the belle of the tribe, was not without admirers . No pretty girl, be she white, brown, reel or black, should be. It shows a kink somewhere, when there are no male butterflies singeing their wings around the flame of beauty's lamp. Old Oksuk, however, took care that none of the tribal youth should come near without his permission, and two only of the village beaux were permitted to approach the shrine which held his jewel. These fortunate and much envied favourites were named Ahwelah and Etukisook. Upon both of them did the cunning Oksuk shower his favours, which by the way did not cost him anything, said favours being the smiles of the fair damosel, yclept his daughter.

The first favourite in the running with him was undeniably Etukisook, he laying claim to greater financial status in the community, tho' less gifted in physical perfections than his rival. The beauteous Etthva with feminine contrariness had already cast eyes in the direction cf Ahwelah, who as before noted was an Eskimo Saul, standing at least two ir.ches taller than any other man in the tribe, and these points count with a maiden no matter what her colour or clime.

CHRISTMAS BE LL s-- I4

Now appear on the scene the white explorers suffering from the modern malady, Polaritis. They engage the husky lads of the community and the no less huskie dogs, for the Polar journey. In this deal Etukisook is much more fortunate than Ahwelah, as being older and more experienced he secures a dog­master's job, the latter having to be content with the smaller pay and harder work of a bearer of burdens. This bit of good for­tune coming the way of Etukisook, causes Oksuk, who has ever an eye to business, to throw Ahwelah out of his matrimonial calculations, and to leer upon the promoted dogmaster with the greasiest of grins. Before the expedition starts, Ahwelah, who is no slouch of a Ioyer, manages to steal a few moments talk with the desire of his eyes, the gist of the conversation being entirely satisfactory to himself. Etukisook, not knowing this, and with a greater t.hought of the main chance, interviews the scheming Oksuk, and arranges that on the return of the party he will wed the fair Ettiwa, a Ia Esquimaux, reckoning, like many another self satisfied individual, without the lady.

During the absence of the aspirants for her hand, Ettiwa is considerably pestered by her avaricious parent to marry Etuki­sook . But she will have none of it. Not for her the joy of seeing Etukisook lie on his back while she feeds him tit-bits of blub­ber and seal flesh until he is unable to move. This only is she prepared to do for the object of her affections, the youthful Ahwelah, but she dares not let pa on to this, lest he get wise.

On the return of the expedition some months later, Etukisook presses his suit personally and with vigor, backed up by Oksuk, but to all their entreaties and threats the deaf ear is turned. Determined to have the lady to preside over his igloo, he and Oksuk make one more determined onslaught on the defenceless maiden. But the courage of thousands of generations of blubber eating ancestors fills her frail body and endows her with strength to resist the fate of being an unwilling bride.

Mean"·hile Ahwelah grows despondent, thinking that his chances now are slim, when an event occurs which leaves him master of the situation. The schemers finding that fair means cannot cornpel their wishes, now agree to resort to foul play and abduction is the hazard on which they stake for success. Discussing ways and means in the shelter of the · le·e side of Oksuk's domicile, their nefarious designs are overheard by Ahwelah, who has been sneaking around on the off chance of receiving a smile from the being on whom he has set his heart. Listening carefully, and scarce daring to breathe, he secures the whole outline of carupaign, and with native shrewdness sees a way to turn it to his own advantage and the discomfiture and defeat of his now hated rival and accomplice.

Making his dispositions accordingly, he watches for an op­portunity of getting a few words with Ettiwa, which happens when the conspirators go over to Etukisook's igloo to drink to the success of their scheme in bumpers of seal oil.

The time selected for the cowardly deed draws on apace, and having been cautioned and instructed by Ahwelah, the dam­sel carefully prepares to play her part in the comedy. During his term of employment with the Polar party, Ahwelah has learned a few of the white man's tricks, and as well, having a mind to e\·entualities, appropriated some of the medical stores. Knowing something of the soporific influences of morphia he conveys a portion of the drug to Ettiwa, with orders to put it in papa's night cap of hot whale oil, which, after quaffing, the old gent, unsuspecting of counterplot, enters his sleeping bag and placing himself across the entrance of the igloo is soon, under the com­bined influence, fast in the arms of Morpheus.

All is now silent within, but presently there is audible the sound of suppressed breathing, and Etukisook crawls cautiously into the apartment. Going round the figure at the door he makes for the sleeping bag over in the corner and very gently, so as not to awaken the occupant, quietly pushes and pulls it through the passage and outside, when laboriously hoisting it on his shoulder he hurriedly makes tracks for his double kayak n1oored conveniently near, and into the vessel deposits his burden, which he notices with alarm is wondrously quiet and still. ~ot waiting to investigate he jumps in and seizing the paddle proceeds to put distance and salt water between himself and the village. Across the bay he has a hunting and fishing igloo to which he intends bringing the feminine spoil of his masculine prowess. But Etukisook had never heard of the poet Burns and the words he wrote, '' The best laid plans of mice and men, gang aft agley,'' or he would not have been in such haste to land his prize, but would have tumbled it overboard with Eskimo profanity, for upon reaching his country seat and releasing his captive from the suffocating embrace of the sleep­ing bag, he drew forth-not the blushing and indignant Ettiwa, but the sullen and bloated visage and form of his fellow con­spirator, Oksuk.

Ettiwa with truly feminine cunning h.ad changed positions with her revered progenitor, and instead of winning a rel u c tant bride, Etukisook found h imself in possession of some one else's father-in-law, for Ahwelah and Ettiwa taking time by t h e fore­lock, had made it up immediat ely following the abduc tion, got married after the manner of ye joyous Eskimo and lived hap­pily ever after.

Si~hts and Impressions at the x~efields.

By A . S . Harvey. The North, the North, the glorious North;

Land of the Ice and Snow, 'Vhere sea-billows roar in their angry wrath,

And in purity lies the floe. -A .S.H.

~0 the ordinary individual what do the icefields imply: ~ ~ simply a succession of bitterly cold winds, bad wea­~ ther and worse odours, -or, a delightful change into

a healthful and invigorating new white land? I sup­pose most people would shudderingly agree upon the former idea. Personally, I think they err. A trip to the icefields is really a delightful change. Delightful, yes; but with a certain amount of danger attached, which adds greatly to its realism.

My delight, when I realized that I should at laf>t see the white shimmering ice and the towering bergs, of which I had heard so much, was unbounded. I imagine I felt as joyful as the dear little English boy of the 17th Century, who could not eat out of pure delight of an anticipated sight of the much talked of Span­ish Main.

On the 7th March, 1908, I left the wharf at St. John's in the S.S. Bloodlwund, bound for Wesleyville, en 1-oute to the icefields. We steamed slowly down the harbour, amidst the lusty cheers of the crews of other ships who were shortly to folio~·. How my heart jumped with joy as I cheered and laughed in answer ! Little did I think of the great dangers to which my shipmates and I were exposing ourselves. Ah I life out there is not play ; it is in deadly earnest.

Will I ever forget the sight which greeted my eyes on the following morning? \Ve had steamed during the night into very heavy ice, such as I had never seen before. A blinding · sno"' storm was raging-one in which a mau would have little 'show,' if he had the misfortune to be out in it. The decks were covered with snow and ice; the wind was shrieking thro' the rigging, and it was so terribly cold that I began to doubt the joys I had anticipated. However, soon I began to look around me, and to watch, with a strange fascination, the ship nobly ploughing her way through the defiant ice-such peculiar ice it seemed to me - blue as the sky on a summer's day, and piled high and shapeless in broken masses which literally strewed the whole vast plain of whiteness. Piece after piece fell as we approached, and each seemed to hesitate and growl in anger for being dis­turbed, as with a crash, they plunged into the cold black depths to be hidden forever. We arrived at Wesleyville the next day and found the A lgerine, Labrador, and some three or four others there, ready to start for the '' frozen pans."

The following day, March lOth, we were off . In the after­noon there were twelve ships stean1ing, and with canvas spread, running before the wind in an united search for the seals, it was a splendid and imposing sight. The next few days nothing of importance occurred with the exception of our repeated ''jamming.'' There were no signs of seals. The process of freeing from a'' jam'' is rather interesting. First powder is put into bottles which are tied to poles, a fuse is attached which is lighted and the whole shoved into a hole chopped or sawn for the purpose. This is called '' blasting her.'' After a breathless wait, a low rumble gradually growing louder is heard, the ice cracks sometimes for a hundred yards or so, and with a mighty roar great blocks of ice are hurled with terrific force through the air. Every one yells, '' heads in under'' and scatters. It is very exciting. When all is over long poles are thrown to the men, who pass the slob or broken ice, in her wake. The engines are reversed, and if she moves a stout hauling rope is tossed from from her bows which each man tugs upon, and if she fails to break away, the process is repeated.

One of the strangest impressions which one receives at the ''ice,'' is when the ship is locked in the tight arms of the floe, and all is quiet. Then a deadly, awful, and unbroken silence prevails. Nothing moves, and nothing is heard in all that Yast expanse of white.

" How dreary and awful is this solitude, Nature herself is surely dead, and o'er

Her cold and stiffen'd corse a winding sheet Of bright unsullied purity is thrown."

On March 14th our first seal was killed. The ice was ex­ceptionally thick that year and nearly all the fleet were more or less injured from the encounters with the sturdy floe. On March 16th our bows got damaged, and we came into contact with the Virginia Lake and the Algerine. The Virginia Lake's bows were also in a sad state, and the Algerine carried a dead man who had been crushed to death by the ice. Collisions were by no means uncommon, every day we heard of hair-breath escapes. I remember the Vanguard running into us, and the excitement which prevailed. The Au.rora ran down the Erik, tearing away her mizzen beam. The ice crushed through the Panther's bows sinking her, while the Walrus and Grand Lake were lost the same year. Dangers of all kinds are experienced and would fill volumes if written. Two of mine will serve as an illustration to show to what risk and danger the men are exposed.

CHRISTMAS

On March 2-J.th it rained heavily and the wind blew very forcibly, consequently the ice was slippery as glass and broken into pans. During the afternoon we carne into the seals, and the order was given '' all hands on ice,'' so being eager to join in the fray I jumped over with the rest; I attempted to follow

..,. "Jac . " who was the captain's stev.•ard, and a "special chun1" of mine on board; and, to tnake a long story short, found that

- the ''£rosters,'' which I had nailed to my boots, were not suffi­cient to hold the slippery ice. I yelled to' Jac.,' but he was too

~ busy killing '' swiles '' to notice me. The wind was high and took me off my feet, which I vainly tried to regain. A fresh gust of wind bore me off, and I was in great danger of falling between the pans; this I avoided by the aid of my gaff. Two men tried to stop tne but in vain, so after being blown around for some little time I sank exhausted and wet on the edge of a pan. Here, by push­ing my gaff against the nearest pan I was able to stay, remaining motion less until rescu ed. My next adventure was a more serious one. The sun shone beautifully on the morning of March 26th, the w ind was high, and very cold. All around me lay t he glit­tering white ice with the s h ip standing a dir ty black spot in the midst of it, and as I looked, little did I know of how near to death I "\vas to be that clay. We were among the seals, and as I had been warned never to go a lone o n t h e ice, Mr. P - - - had arranged for nte to accotnpany h in1. In the excite1nent, some one took my gaff, which delayed me, as I h ad to get another and Mr. P--- thinking I had changed my min d, went on. Some minutes later I started to follow, b u t stopped to ki ll a seal a n d to drag the pelt to the '' pan.'' As the seals around the ship bad been slaughtered I espied one about fifty yards off . The men by this time were out of sight. I went on muffled to the chin, the ice ringing clear under my feet, when suddenly with a thrill of horror I realized that the ice was cracking and was giving be­neath me. Merciful heavens, would it break! There was a loud crash and I sank in a second into the icy water, tny rope around rny shoulders, my gaff clutched in my hand. Oh, picture my predicament ! Hidden from all eyes behind a small pinnacle of ice, with the wind howling and drowning my voice, strug­gling in the water's freezing grasp ; alone to battle with death ; fear gripped my heart and I fought in a frenzy. This feeling lessened and I grew calmer. The rope I threw off, then grasp-

- ing the ice around with my hand I tried to raise myself to the ice level. It was useless, it broke. Suddenly I reached a knob of ice and pttlled; it held; slowly I rose. Oh, the agony, would

• I never reach the next couple of inches ! Oh, God ! was it slip­ping ?- slowly I slipped back into the icy grasp once more.. My God! was I to drown there; oh, the horror of that moment! Then, as if shown by some unseen hand, I saw on my left a larger knob. Would it hold? Yes; and a moment later I was standing cold and t rembling-but saved-on the ice.

The most impressive sight of all is the glory of the moon­light. Often, when all was quiet on deck, I would come up to enjoy and drink in the serenely beautiful scene. One night I re­member in particular. It was Sunday night, and we had been ''jammed '' all day. The moon had risen beautiful and clear, and the white shimmering ice lay bathed in its g lory ; the vast dome o'erhead was brilliant with the starry hosts, calm in their very brightness, and in the distance lay a magnificent ice-berg with its gleaming towers and fantastic shape. Over the berg in the North flashed the fitful gleams of the northern lights, and oYer all hung a deep, still hush. I remember as I stood lost in admiration, a feeling of awe and wonder stole o'er me Was not God's vast universe beautiful? Was not the Psalmist right?

'' When I consider Thy Heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which Thou hast ordained, what is man that thou art mindful of Him?'' But hark! What was that? Singing! Yes, not sweet and low, but loud and thrilling-

" Nearer my God to thee, Nearer to thee ."

The sound of men's voices, the sealers, singing in the fore­castle, the notes rising higher and more thrilling in one mighty song-

" Even tho' it be a cross That raiseth me."

Right to the close they sang it, and it was beautiful.

It would be wrong, indeed. to say nothing in praise of the sealers- brave, noble fellows, who run risks and encounter dan­gers of which land dwellers are ignorant, for the sake of their wives and children. Their work is hard, but they delight in its hardness . As many as 5,000 seals are often panned in a day by one c rew of these seemingly cruel, heartless (?) fellows . Heart-

• less a n d cru el ? Perish the thought ! One has only to wat ch their actions toward s a sic k comrade to know t heir inner feelings. The followi n g lines will, I t hink, be a fi tting tribute to the hardy sealers :

" There are loyal hearts, there are spirits brave, Ther e are souls that are pure and true."

BELLs- IS

ctCbri~tma~ 1911.

.,-sEE Our Great Exposition

----oF---

Christmas Gift Goods.

~ OYS, GAMES, DOLLS,

CHRISTMAS and NEW YEAR CARDS.

Calendars & Post Cards .

The most comprehensive Stock in the city.

PUBLIC NOTICE I SALE OF SEEDS' ACT.

It shall be unlawful for any person to import for the purpose of sale, any Seeds of Cereals, Grasses, Clovers, Forage Plants, Field Roots or Garden Vegetable Crops without first obtaining a Licen"<e for such purposes under the provisions of this Act.

L icenses may be gmnted by the Minister of Agriculture and M ines, entitling the holder thereof to import for sale Seeds of all kinds . Such Licenses sha ll be in force for one year from the date thereof, and may be issued at any time.

Any of the Seeds mentioned in the first section of this Act, i m­ported for sale by any person except the holder of a valid licen>-e ~or the ti_me being,_ sha~l be de~l~ with in all respects as goods, the unportatwn of whtch 1s proh1b1ted by the Customs and Revenue Laws of the Colony, and the importer shall be liable to the penal­ties provided in respect of the importation of prohibited goods.

~o~hing in this Act shall apply to Seeds _imported by persons for tnen own use and not for sa le, 01- by Agncultural Societies for distribution amongst the members thereof, or to any Seed which may be imported for the purpose of being sold for food and not fo1· seed in~.

All further information and cnpies of the ab0ve mentioned A.ct may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the Newfound­land Board of Agriculture.

SYDNEY D. BLANDFORD, Minister of Agriculture & Mines.

NEWFOUNDLAND PENITENTIARY. BROOM DEPARTMENT.

BROOMS, HEARTH BRUSHES, WHISK S. A large stock of Brooms, Hearth Brushes and Whisks always on hand ·

and having reliable Agents in Chicago and other principal centres for th; purchase of Corn and other material, we are in a position to supply the Trade with exactly the article required, and we feel assured our Styles and Quality surpass any that can be imJ?orted. Give us a trial order and if carefttl attentiOn and r ight goods at r1ght prices will suit, we are ~onfi­dent of being favoured with a share of your patronage.

All order addressed to the undersigned will receive prompt attention.

ALEX. A. PARSONS, Newfoundland Penitentiary, Sept. 1911 . Superintendent.

C H R I S T 1\1 A S B E L L S -- I 6

Skinner's Monumental Art Works, R. G. Rendell & Co. II EAD OF BECK'S HIJ.r., Duek,vorth Street, St. John's, Newfoundland.

GENERAL IMPORTERS_

Dealers in LOBSTERS, CODFISH , H E R =

RINGS, GENERAL FISHERY a nd

LOBSTER. SUPPLIES.

If you want a nice Headstone or 1\fonument consult us. \Ve carry the largest stock of Marble Memorials 111 Newfoundland. Our new Catalogue of Photos and Price.; ready next month. MAIL ORDERS an:: gh·en the strictest atten­tion. Designs sent to any address on request.

Sole Makers Celebrated Crown Cover Cans.

PRICES AND SIZES TO SUIT ALL .

_NOTICE TO MARINERS. N0. 8, 1911 .

NEWFOUNDLAND. Bay of Exploits, Notre Daane Bay.

~OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that lights have been estab­lished at the undermentioned positions and will be exhibited on ~ovember 1st, proximo.

Sergeant' s Cove H e ad .-\Vestern Entrance to Bay of Exploits. Latitude 49"' 31' 20" Longitude 55° o6' 40"

An Incande~cent Petroleun.1 Vapour light, burnt under a mantle to give a triple white flash every 15 8econds, thus:-

FLASII. Eclipse. FLASH.

·437 sec. 2.562 sec. ·437 sec.

Eclipse. FLASII.

2.562 sec. ·437 sec.

Eclipse.

8.562 sec.

The house and circular iron tower are painted in alternate ver­tical stt·ipes, Red and \Vhite . Lantern and Dome, \ Vhite.

Blac k lsla nd.-Lat. +9"' 24-' 55" Long. 55"" o7' 40"

A Fixed White Light, Dioptric of the sth Orclet· in a circular iron tc..wer, painted Reel. Dwelling attached, \ Vhite. A srnall store on Eastern side of dwelling, painted Red.

Cabi>age Harbor H e ad .- Lat. +9"' 19' 55" Long. 55 9 r I' 45"

An Occulting \Vhite Light, showing alternate periods of 63{ seconds light and I X( seconds dark . The occultation are produced by a "hade driven by the heat of the lamp. The dwelling house is attached to circular iron tower by short covered passage way, all painted white. A small store is built on the cliff about 30 feet below the lighthouse, painted Reel.

G;.·assy ls la nd.-Lat. 49"' r-t' 40" Long. 55° 13' 40"

The hoisting frame on which this light was shown, is t·eplaced by an octagonal wood tower and lantern, all painted white. The lens lantern heretofore in use has been replaced by a Dioptric lens of the ~th Ordet·, showing a Fixed White Light.

S andy P o int.-Lat. 4</'' I I' 20" Long. 5.'>"' 17' 30."

The hoisting frame from which this light was shown is now replaced by an octagonal wood tower and lanten1, all painted Reel. The lens lantern heretofot·e in use has been replaced by a Dioptric lens of the 8th Order, showing a Fixed Red Light.

A. W. PICCOTT, Minister of ~lat·ine & Fibheries.

Department N1arine and Fisheries, Oct. t_c:th, 191 r.

T,~

CHRISTMAS at the Reliable Jeweler' s Store.

The best time to get what you want is to-day.

Watches, Pendants, Rings, Brooches, Bracelets, etc. Umbrellas, Walking Sticks

and Fancy L~ther Goods. ffi2€rlnitials engraved without extra charge.

J. DULEY & co.

WATER STREET, ST. JOHN'S, N.F.

Mail Order Shopping. YOU can add greatly to the pleasure and comfort of life by

t he use of TOILET PREPARATIONS Such things as these, as well as perfumes and reruedies for minor ail­

ments, are often difficult to procure at country stores. \Ve are specialists in this line an<l guarantee full satisfaction. The ex­penditure of from thirty to fifty cents will bring you promptly by mail, a Face Cream, a Tooth Paste or Powder, a bottle of Scent or a Corn Cure; Yon need only write and we will send it at once.

T. McMURDO & Co. Chemists sin ce 1823.

WATE R. S TREET and MI LITARY R.OAO.

SYNOPSIS OF

Game Laws of Newfoundland. BIRDS AND WILD RABBIT OR HARE.- o person

shall hunt, kill, put·chase, or have in his possession, any Ptarmigan or Willow Grouse, commonly called Partridge, nor any Curlew, Plover, Snipe, or any other vVild or Migratory Bit·ds (except Wild Geese), ot· the eggs of any such birds; nor shall shoot any \-\Tild Rabbit or Hare within this Colony between the r5th day of Decem­ber, in any year, and the zoth day of September in the year succeed­ing, under a penalty of not less than $25.00, not· exceeding $roo, or imprisonment not exceeding three months.

BEAVER.-Any person who shall hunt, kill, or pursue to take any Beaver w ithin this Colony at any time from the 1st day of October, 19ro, to the rst day of October, 1913, shall, upon convic­tion, for the first offence, be imprisoned with hard labor for two months, with the option of a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars and not less than fifty dollars; for the second offence the penalty shall be imprisonment for six months with hat·d labour.

FOXES.- No person shall hunt Foxes from March r5th to October 15th in any year.

OTTER.-No person shall hunt Otter from April Ist to Octo­ber rst in any year.

TROUT AND SALMON.-No person shall use any appli­ance other than rod, hook and line, to catch any Salmon, Trout, or in land water fishes, wi t hin fifty fathoms from either bank on the strand, sea, stream, pond, lake. or estuary debouching intu the sea.

o person shall catch, k i ll or take any Salmon or Trout in any r iver, brook, stream, pond or lake in Newfoundland, between the 15th day of Septernber in any year, anti the 15th day o{ January in the succeeding year .

License: Non-resiclent-$Io.oo

GArl.E AND INLAND FISH E RI E S ' BOA R D, St. John's, .F.,

October , 191 1. ]As. \V. MERCER, Secy. _....

GRAY

Photographic Material of all kinds kept constantly on hand at

& GOODLAND'S, 206 Water Street.

BOWRING BROTHERS LIMITED.

General Merchants EXPORTERS of

Seal Oil, Seal Skins, Whale Oil, Whale Bone, Codfish, Cod Oil, Salmon,

Lobsters, Herring, etc.

\Vholesale and Retail Buyers will find it to their ad­vantage to purchase from

OUR Provision, Hardware. Grocery, and Dry Goods Stores.

). ). ST. JOHN Big Christmas Stock.

EVERYTHING YOU REQUIRE AT RIGHT PRICES.

..,-Get your COUPONS every

Sideboard a time and have your

valuable one.

~"\J"""\J"""\J"""\J"""\J"""\J"""\J"""\J""....,......."\J"""i

~ THE STANDARD Ll FE ) ~ ASSURANCE COMPANY. ) ~ EDINBURGH. {, '"(> INVESTED FUNDS: £6,500,000 Sterling. $

~ COMMERCIAL UNION )

t FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY, LTD. {,) LONDON. $

CAPITAL £2,500,000. Risks taken at lowest rates.

I ~ THE PALATINE ) ~ FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD. )

I } CAPI~'AL £loo,oo~0

';.~~,"',~kon at low~" '"'"· ~ '"(> HENRY J. STABB & Co., St. John's, )

I

(, Agents for NewfoundJand. )

f,.....,.r.-....,.r.-~_,...vJ"-vJ"-....,.J'\-vJ"-....,J"-....,J"-~

J. J. ST. JOHN. [ CUSTOMS CIRCULAR

--------------------------------Brushes, ~~

Lumber, Doors, Sashes, Felt, ~ &c.

OUR. BR.lJSHES is but one line of our business. We have for many years been dealing iu Lu!pbt!r, Doors, Sasht:s, Felt, Pitch, Nails, and in fact everything that is used in house building. We have

An Expert Designer and Stair Builder

in our employ, and builder~ can always rely on having the best ideas when they give us their order. \\'e ha,-e furnished Mantels, 'Nindow Frames and Sashes, Doors, Stair BalusterR and Rail, Kewel Posts, Mou1d1ngs, 'l't1rnings~ Brackets, CountersJ Ceiling, Flooring, Framh1g, Shingles, etc., to all parts of this country, and always satisfy our cus­tomers. We have always studied our business and enrleavoured to in­crea~e it constantly. \Ve have made: provision tor imme<.liate reply to inquiric:s, q11ick shipment of orders, and prompt furnishing of shipping receipts ancl invoices.

Our Efforts to Satisfy Customers,

we are glad to say, have been appreciaterl, and result in an eYer in­creasing demand with which we are keeping pace by improved and enlarged equipment. \Ve will count you among our friends, and will be glad of a friendly word from you to any person needing supplies in our line. "liVe will especially value ally order of your own with which you may favour us.

The Horwood Lumber Co. LIMITED.

No. 15.

W HEN Tourists, Anglers and Sportsmen, arriving in this Colony, b1·ing with them Cameras, Bicycles, Anglers'

Ontfits, Trouting Gear, Fire-arms and Ammunition,

Tents, Canoes and Implements, they shall be adrnitted unde1· the (ollowing conditions:

A deposit equal to the duty shall he taken on such article~ as

Cameras, Bicycles, T1·onting Poles, Fire-rums. Tents, Canoes :1nd

Tent equipage. A ,-eceipt (No. 1) ~ccording to the form attached

;,hall be given for the deposit, and the particul<lrs of the articles

shall be noted in the receipt, as well as in the marginal cheques.

Receipt :'\o. 2, if t'lken at a!) outport office, shall be mailed at

once, dil·ected to the Assi&tant Collector, St. Jolm's; if taken in

St. John'~, the R.-ceipt No. :! shall be sent to the Landing Sur­~·eyor.

Upon the departure from the Colony of the Tourist, Angler or

Sportsman, he may obtain a refund of the deposit by presenting

the ~A..rticles at the Port of Exit, and ha~·ing them compared with

the receipt. The Examining Officer shall initial on the receipt the

result of his examination, and upon its correctness being ascer­tained, the refund may be made.

No groceries, canned goods, wines, spirits, or proYi. ions of any

kind, will be admitted free, and no deposit fur a refund may be taken upon such articles.

H. W. LeMESSURIER? Assistant Collector.

~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~

Job Brother~.~E~· ~ Purchasers and Exporters

of all the Products of the FISHER.IES. I

HIGHEST PRICES given for ~ CODFISH, CODOIL (~~f:!.;:f ~

. FISHERY SUPPLIES of all sorts ft a offered at very lowest prices. ~ FIRE AND MARINE INSUR- ~

ANCE a specialty. ~ ~~-~~~~

Guardian Fire and Life Assurance Co.,

LIMITED .

Subscribed Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000,000 P aid up Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000,000 Total Funds.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.000,000

Insurances effected at lowest rates.

T. & M. WINTER. AGENTS.

.S.P.~.K. The Newfoundland Depository of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge ..$ ..$ ..$

A STOCK OF BIBL ES, P R A Y E R and HYMN BOOK S, and a general as­sortment of the Publication s of the

Society kept constan tly on h and. BOOKS for SUNDAY SCHOOLS, an d R E WARD CAR DS always jn stock. A l so

Church Almanacks for 1912.

At the Store of

GRAY & GOODLAND, 206 Water Street St. John's, Nfld.

Alan Goodridge • & Sons,

GENERAL MERCHANTS and JMPOR.TERS, Wh~!:!f~ and

325 Water Street, St. John's.

Exporters of PRODUCE all kind~ of •

BRANCH ESTABLISHMENTS : Witless Bay, Toad's Cove, Ferryland, Caplin Bay, Renews, Nipper's Harbor, New Perlican, and Rant's Harbor, where

FISHERY OUTFITS can at all times be supplied at the lowest possible prices.

QUEEN Fire Insurance Co'y.

Insurance Policies again st loss or damage by fire are issued by the above well-known office on the most liberal ter ms.

JOHN CORMACK, Agent for Newfoun dland.

(?.!7 $enneff &- C'o . Wholesale Dealers in

Provisions and Groceries. Agents Phoenix Insurance Co'y. of Hartford.

Buyers of Codfish and Raw Furs.

Office at STEWART'S COVE, St. John's, Nftd.

fi:l Give Yourself and Your Friends a treat i$

~ ~;~br~-;~:-~;w ~~ J ~~ ~ :~ ~ It matters a good deal how Tea is brewed ; but it ~)

~ matters much more what kind of Tea you use. For ~­Freshnes • and Richness of Flav our, there is nothing

that can con>e up to

H Qld H tt T (Blue Label) 60 cents. ~ ~ Offie ea, (Red Label) 40 cents.

~ H Serendibtt ...... ........................ so cents. .

f$ AT ALL LEADING GROCERS. @J