calcium + silicon sodium + bromine boron + fluorine potassium + sulfur ca +2 + na +1 + b +3 + k...
TRANSCRIPT
Calcium + Silicon
Sodium + Bromine
Boron + Fluorine
Potassium + Sulfur
Ca+2
+
Na+1 +
B+3 +K+1 +
Si-4 Ca2Si
NaBrBr-1
F-1 BF3
S-2 K2S
Bellwork: Wednesday 4/11/2012 Write formulas for how the following elements would form Ionic compounds
Example #1-Names to Formulas
Aluminum chloride
Al Cl3
2. Determine number of ions
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
x(+3) + y(-1) = 0
1
If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown
+3(Al )x(Cl-1)y
1(+3) + 3(-1) = 0
This formula says that the +3 charge of one Alatom will cancel the-3 charge from 3 Cl atoms
Example #2-Names to Formulas
Cobalt (II) bromate
Co BrO3
2. Determine number of ions
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
(Co+2)x(BrO3-1)y
= 0
2X = 1yX(+2) + y(-1) = 0
X 1Y 2=
1Choose the
lowest set of integers
thatsatisfies the
equation
If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown
( )2
Example #3-Names to Formulas
Nickel (III) acetate
Ni C2H3O2
2. Determine number of ions
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
(Ni+3)x(C2H3O2-1)y
= 0
3X = 1y
X(+3) + y(-1) = 0
X 1Y 3=
1Choose the
lowest set of integers
thatsatisfies the
equation
( )3
If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown
Example #4-Names to Formulas
Lithium phosphate
Li PO4
2. Determine number of ions
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
(Li )x(PO4-3)y
= 0
1X = 3y
X(+1) + y(-3) = 0
X 3Y 1=
3
+1
( )1
If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown
Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method
Barium nitrate1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Ba2+ NO3
-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.
Not balanced!
( ) 2Now balanced.
= Ba(NO3)2
Iron (III) chloride
Fe3+ Cl-
Not balanced!
3Now balanced.
= FeCl3
Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.
Ammonium sulfate
NH4+ SO4
2-
Not balanced!
( )2
Now balanced.
= (NH4)2SO4
Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.
Aluminum sulfide
Al3+ S2-
Not balanced!
2 3Now balanced.
= Al2S3
Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.
DNA- The Master Molecule of Life- page 12
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): A long, large molecule shaped like a twisted ladder (double helix). The plans for who you are and what you look like are chemically stored in the DNA (like a blueprint). In 1953, Francis Crick and James
Watson discovered that DNA is shaped like a ladder coiled into a 'double helix' shape.
Macromolecule: A very large molecule made from thousands of atoms (ex. DNA)
VIDEO- DNA: Master Molecule of LifeAs you watch the following videos, fill out
the video guide provided- page 12
Video- Importance of DNA 1.341. Molecule2. Cells3. Molecules/
DNA4. Genetic code5. True
Video- DNA Subunits 3.456. Macromolecule7. 28. False9. 410. Backbone11. A and T, G and
C
Components of DNANucleotide Subunit: what DNA is made up of; each nucleotide has: ‘Sides’ of the ladder-
(linked chains of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules) phosphate sugar
‘Rungs’ of the ladder- 2 nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) bases attached to the sugar molecules (4 different types of bases)Adenine (A)Thymine (T)Cytosine (C)Guanine (G)
○ They link together in pairs (A with T, C with G) to form a rung
○ The order of the bases and rungs creates a kind of code for the DNA information.
Sides of the ladder: “Sugar-Phosphate Backbone” Phosphate PO4
3−
Polyatomic Ion!Octet Rule- atoms tend to
gain, lose, or share electrons until they have eight electrons in their valence shell.
Given what you know about the chemical formula for the phosphate functional group, you can say that the rule is disobeyed in this case.
Sugar (deoxyribose)5 carbon ringEach corner of the
pentagon represents a Carbon—they just don’t write it!
Page 13- What five elements make up the DNA macromolecule?
1. Phosphorus
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen
4. Oxygen
5. Nitrogen
The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the bases attached to the two strands.
AT base pair With two hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines
GC base pair
With three hydrogen bonds
DNA Sequencing- page 13 PRACTICE: What would be the pair for:
Finish the DNA sequencing individually, then check answers together as a class
ACCTGG
GAC TACCTG ATG
ATCTAG CGA
GCTTGA
ACT CTCGTA ATC CGTACA
GAG CAT TAGGCA TGT
Increasing knowledge about DNA creates more complicated
possibilities for the future… Cloning- the
process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means
Natural cloning is identical twinsgenetically
different from parents
What do you think about the possibilities for human cloning?
If you could make a clone of yourself, would you do it?Why or why not?Record your
answers in the space provided
Cloning- KWL— Fill -in the “Know” and “Wonder”
column NOWKnow Wonder Learned
1. 2.
things you already know about cloning
1.2.
things you wonder about
cloning
1.2.3.4.
things you learned about cloning during that will follow
Video: The Clone AgeAs you watch the video… …write four new things you
learned on your KWL chart- page 13
…pay attention to the scientific process involved in creating a clone
…note where hereditary information is stored in a cell and how this information may be altered
1st Cloned Mammal
1997- Scotland Sheep named Dolly 276 attempts before
successWhat do you think happened
to the unsuccessful attempts??
Dolly
Dolly’s clone—
NOT her
baby!
Remaining Time: Discuss questions as a class.
Respond to the following questions in 3-4 complete sentences on page 13 for homework.
1. Discuss the ethics of cloning only the best and brightest of the human race.
2. If you were in charge of undertaking a cloning project, which qualities would you look for when selecting your cloning subjects? Explain why.
EXTRA TIME? Practice Ionic Naming
Formulas to Names & Names to Formulas1. Na2SO4
2. Fe(NO3)2
3. PbI44. (NH4)3PO4
5. Na2CO3
6. Be(OH)2
7. Magnesium Hydroxide
8. Magnesium nitride
9. Silver Acetate10.Aluminum
Chloride
1. Sodium Sulfate2. Iron (II) Nitrate3. Lead (IV) iodide4. Ammonium
Phosphate5. Sodium carbonate6. Beryllium
Hydroxide7. Mg(OH)2
8. Mg3N2
9. AgC2H3O2
10.AlCl3
EXTRA TIME? Practice Ionic Naming
Names to Formulas1. Calcium Carbonate2. Potassium Chloride3. Iron (II) Sulfate4. Lithium bromide5. Magnesium chloride6. Iron (III) chloride7. Zinc Phosphate8. Ammonium Nitrate9. Aluminum hydroxide10. Copper (I) Acetate11. Lead (II) Sulfite12. Sodium Chlorate13. Calcium Oxalate
14.Iron (III) Oxide15.Ammonium Phosphate16.Sodium hydrogen sulfate17.Mercury (I) chloride18.Magnesium nitrate19.Copper (II) sulfate20.Sodium hydrogen
carbonate21.Nickel (III) bromide22.Beryllium nitrate23.Zinc sulfate24.Gold (III) chloride25.Potassium
permanganate